• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

Increased consumption of fresh vegetables that are high in polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of oxidative stress-induced disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of spinach in vitro and in vivo in hyperlipidemic rats. For measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity, spinach was subjected to hot water extraction (WE) or ethanol extraction (EE) and examined for total polyphenol content (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and antigenotoxic activity. The in vivo antioxidant activity of spinach was assessed using blood and liver lipid profiles and antioxidant status in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFCD) for 6 weeks. The TPC of WE and EE were shown as $1.5{\pm}0.0$ and $0.5{\pm}0.0mg$ GAE/g, respectively. Increasing the concentration of the extracts resulted in increased ORAC value, CAA, and antigenotoxic activity for all extracts tested. HFCD-fed rats displayed hyperlipidemia and increased oxidative stress, as indicated by a significant rise in blood and liver lipid profiles, an increase in plasma conjugated diene concentration, an increase in liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, and a significant decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity compared with rats fed normal diet. However, administration of 5% spinach showed a beneficial effect in HFCD rats, as indicated by decreased liver TBARS level and DNA damage in leukocyte and increased plasma conjugated dienes and Mn-SOD activity. Thus, the antioxidant activity of spinach may be an effective way to ameliorate high fat and cholesterol diet-induced oxidative stress.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1417-1443
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• 2016

Cellular and castellated steel beams are used to obtain higher stiffness and bending capacity using the same weight of steel. In addition, the beam openings may be used as a pass for different mechanical fixtures such as ducts and pipes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different parameters on both elastic and inelastic critical buckling stresses of steel web plates with openings. These parameters are plate aspect ratio; opening shape (circular or rectangular); end distance to the first opening; opening spacing; opening size; plate slenderness ratio; steel grade; and initial web imperfection. The web/flange interaction has been simplified by web edge restraints representing simply supported boundary conditions. A numerical parametric study has been performed through linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) models, where the FE results have been verified against both experimental and numerical results in the literature. The web plates are subject to in-plane linearly varying compression with different loading patterns, ranging from uniform compression to pure bending. A buckling stress modification factor (${\beta}$-factor) has been introduced as a ratio of buckling stress of web plate with openings to buckling stress of the corresponding solid web plate. The variation of ${\beta}$-factor against the aforementioned parameters has been reported. Furthermore, the critical plate slenderness ratio separating elastic buckling and yielding has been identified and discussed for two steel grades of DIN-17100, namely: ST-37/2 and ST-52/3. The FE results revealed that the minimum ${\beta}$-factor is 0.9 for web plates under uniform compression and 0.7 for those under both compression and tension.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2015

Objectives: The use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in endodontics is of interest due to their antibiofilm properties. This study was to investigate the ability of bioactive CNPs to remove the smear layer and inhibit bacterial recolonization on dentin. Materials and Methods: One hundred bovine dentin sections were divided into five groups (n = 20 per group) according to the treatment. The irrigating solutions used were 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 20 min, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3 min and 1.29 mg/mL CNPs for 3 min. The samples were irrigated with either distilled water (control), NaOCl, NaOCl-EDTA, NaOCl-EDTA-CNPs or NaOCl-CNPs. After the treatment, half of the samples (n = 50) were used to assess the chelating effect of the solutions using portable scanning electronic microscopy, while the other half (n = 50) were infected intra-orally to examine the post-treatment bacterial biofilm forming capacity. The biovolume and cellular viability of the biofilms were analysed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The Kappa test was performed for examiner calibration, and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05) were used for comparisons among the groups. Results: The smear layer was significantly reduced in all of the groups except the control and NaOCl groups (p < 0.05). The CNPs-treated samples were able to resist biofilm formation significantly better than other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CNPs could be used as a final irrigant during root canal treatment with the dual benefit of removing the smear layer and inhibiting bacterial recolonization on root dentin.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2006년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.581-584
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• 2006

휴대폰은 사용이 대중화되고 용도 또한 확대되어 모바일 인터넷 활용이 증가하고 있지만 특정 서비스에 편중되어 있고 학습에는 이용되고 있지 않다. 이것은 휴대폰을 이용한 교육 서비스는 대부분이 저용량의 텍스트 중심이므로 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 동기화 표현 언어인 SMIL을 휴대폰에 적용한 멀티미디어 교육 시스템을 제안한다. 모바일에서 교육용 멀티미디어 제작에 필요한 SMIL 태그만 구성하여 정의함으로써 Parser의 크기를 줄이고 파싱을 위한 메인 CPU 자원을 절약할 수 있다. 또한 강의 정보 생성시 매크로화 방식의 제안으로 멀티미디어 컨텐츠의 전송량 감소, 전송 효율 증대의 효과를 가지는데 이는 이동 단말기들이 공통적으로 가지는 CPU, 메모리 등의 한계를 극복하는 방안이 될 수 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.242-242
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• 2006

Increasingly complex tasks are performed by computers or cellular phone, requiring more and more memory capacity as well as faster and faster processing speeds. This leads to a constant need to develop more highly integrated circuit systems. Therefore, there have been numerous studies by many engineers investigating circuit patterning. In particular, PCB including module/package substrates such as FCB (Flip Chip Board) has been developed toward being low profile, low power and multi-functionalized due to the demands on miniaturization, increasing functional density of the boards and higher performances of the electric devices. Imprint lithography have received significant attention due to an alternative technology for photolithography on such devices. The imprint technique. is one of promising candidates, especially due to the fact that the expected resolution limits are far beyond the requirements of the PCB industry in the near future. For applying imprint lithography to FCB, it is very important to control thermal properties and mechanical properties of dielectric materials. These properties are very dependent on epoxy resin, curing agent, accelerator, filler and curing degree(%) of dielectric materials. In this work, the epoxy composites filled with silica fillers and cured with various accelerators having various curing degree(%) were prepared. The characterization of the thermal and mechanical properties wasperformed by thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometer, an universal test machine (UTM).

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 정보통신 이용행태와 통행행태, 특히 통행발생빈도 변화와의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 수도권에 거주하면서 수도권에 직장을 둔 직장인 995명을 대상으로 개인특성, 통행특성, 토지이용특성, 정보통신이용특성 등을 설문 조사한 결과를 분석하였다. 통행특성으로는 차량이용빈도, 통근수단, 그리고 통근시간을, 토지이용특성으로는 주거지와 직장근처 지하철역까지의 거리를, 정보통신이용특성으로는 인터넷이용빈도, 자료 및 정보획득, 커뮤니케이션 & 여가활동, 인터넷구매 및 판매, 금융 및 전자민원, 핸드폰서비스이용량, 그리고 이메일이용빈도 등을 이용하였다. 분석결과 통행특성과 토지이용특성이 정보통신이용특성과 더불어 상호 영향을 미치면서 통행빈도의 변화에도 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 통근시간이 길고, 주거지와 직장에서 지하철을 이용하기 어려울수록 인터넷을 이용하여 자료 및 정보를 획득함으로써 실제 통행을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1995

INTRODUCTION : Psoralens are planar tricyclic furocoumarins present in numerous plants and fungi found throughout the world.' Naturally occurring and synthesized psoralen derivatives(see Figure 1) are photosensitizers of UVA especially from 320 nm to 400 nm, a range at which cellular nucleic acids and proteins are weakly absorbing if any at all. Because of their skinphotosensitizing properties, these compounds have been used in the photochemotherapy of psoriasis and vitiligo. However, undesirable side effects such as carcinoma development in hairless mice as well as possible liver damage from the use of 8-methoxypsoralen(8-MOP) have been reported. The other photobiological effects include inactivation of DNA viruses, killing and mutagenesis of bacteria, inhibition of tumor transmitting capacity of various cells, and hyperpigmentation on human and guinea pig skin. PUVA(psoralen+UVA) photochemotherapy is in fact thousands of years old, having been used in Egypt and India since B.C. 1200-2000. Photochemotherapy for a common disfiguring disease, vitiligo, was practiced in the ancient world by physicians and herbalists who used boiled extracts of the fruits of certain umbelliferous plants, e.g. Ammi majus Linnaeus in Egypt or the leguminous plants, Psoralea corylifolia L. in India. It was first described by Kuske in 19388 that photosensitization of skin by plants was related to the presence of psoralen. He identified natural psoralens in plants as photosensitizers and isolated bergapten(5methoxypsoralen) from the oil of bergamot. The scientific interest in photosensitizing psoralens, however, has grown considerably after the introduction into clinics of the psoralen photochemotherapy for the treatment of psoriasis and of other skin (abbreviation)

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2006

Gene therapy with nonviral vectors using the suicide gene/prodrug activating system of herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK)/ganciclovir (GCV) is inefficient in killing malignant tumor cells due to two major factors: (a) an unsatisfactory bystander effect; (b) short-lived expression of the protein. To study the capacity of the protein transduction domain (PTD) of HIV-1 TAT protein to enhance HSV1-TK/GCV cancer gene therapy, we constructed three fusion proteins TAT-TK, TK-TAT and TK. TAT-TK retained as much enzyme activity as TK, whereas that of TK-TAT was much lower. TAT-TK can enter HepG2 cells and much of it is translocated to the nucleus. The transduced HepG2 cells are killed by exogenously added GCV and have bystander effects on untransduced HepG2 cells. Most importantly, the introduced recombinant protein is stable and remains functional for several days at least, probably because nuclear localization protects it from the cytoplasmic degradation machinery and provides access to the nuclear transcription machinery. Our results indicate that TAT fusion proteins traffic intercellularly and have enhanced stability and prodrug cell killing activity. We conclude that TAT has potential for enhancing enzyme prodrug treatment of liver cancers.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.680-688
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 셀룰러이동망과 무선 LAN과의 핸드오프시 발생하는 급격한 데이터 전송율 변화를 고려한 새로운 핸드오프 방식을 제안한다. 이 방식에서는 고속의 무선 LAN에서 셀룰러망으로 이동국이 진행하는 경우 무선 LAN의 비콘신호의 세기가 일정 치 이상 감소하면 이에 비례하여 데이터의 전송율을 줄이며 이후 데이터 전송율이 일정치 이하로 감소하거나 무선 LAN과의 통신이 더 이상 불가한 경우 셀룰러망으로 핸드오프를 시킨다. 이에 따라 좀 더 많은 데이터를 전송이 가능하며 또한 급격한 데이터 전송율의 변화에 따라 요구되는 시스템 내부의 데이터 저장 버터의 크기도 줄일 수 있다. 성능분석 결과 기존에 방식에 비해 전송이득 측면에서는 호의 전송율이 2,048kbps이고 이동국의 속도가 1Km/hr 인 경우 약 180Mbytes의 정보를 추가적으로 전송할 수 있으며, 전송율의 변화에 따라 필요한 시스템 내부 데이터 버퍼의 크기는 위의 조건에서 1/2 정도로 줄어듦을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.341-354
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• 2021

Cardamonin (CARD) is a chalconoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and it is present in several plants. We sought to explore whether CARD exerts any positive effects against hyperglycemia-induced testicular dysfunction caused by type 2 diabetes and aimed to identify its possible intracellular pathways. Adult male rats were subdivided into six groups: control, CARD, diabetic (DM), DM + glibenclamide (GLIB), DM + CARD and DM + GLIB + CARD. Type 2 DM induced a significant increase in blood glucose and insulin resistance, along with diminished serum insulin, testosterone and gonadotropins levels, which were associated with the impairment of key testicular androgenic enzymes and cellular redox balance. Administration of CARD at a dose of 80 mg/kg for 4 weeks effectively normalized all of these alterations, and the improvement was confirmed by epididymal sperm analysis. After treatment with CARD, the pathological changes in spermatogenic tubules were markedly improved. Significantly, CARD upregulated testicular glucose transporter-8 (GLUT-8) expression and had inhibitory effects on elevated autophagy markers and caspase-3 immunoreactive cells. Furthermore, our results revealed that CARD was able to attenuate damage via activation of Nrf2 through the p62-dependent degradation of testicular anti-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1). In conclusion, this study suggests that CARD provides protection against diabetic stress-mediated testicular damage. The use of CARD with conventional anti-diabetic therapy was associated with improved efficacy compared with conventional therapy alone.