• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 1999

Objectives: Maxillary cancer is notorious for its poor prognosis because it is usually detected lately and the majority of patients have advanced disease. Especially when the cancer extended to infratemporal fossa or pterygopalatine fossa it is very difficult to remove all the involved structure by conventional maxillectomy. In these cases we have used radical maxillectomy through lateral approach. We tried to figure out the clinical significance of this procedure. Material and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 23 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus who underwent surgical treatment for cure. Among them 17 patients(group A) were treated with initial surgery and 6 patients(group B) underwent salvage surgery after radiotherpy. Radical maxillectomy was performed in 12 patients and conventional total maxillectomy in 11 patients. Results: In group A, 3 out of 9 total maxillectomy case and none of 8 radical maxillectomy case were recurred. In group B one patient died of postoperative complication and among the other 5 patients only one out of 3 radical maxillectomy was salvaged and 2 total maxillectomy cases were died of intercurrent disease. Conclusion: Wide surgical dissection of pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa may improve the survival rate in patients with posterior wall invasion of maxillary sinus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.362-369
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• 2017

White root rot disease, caused by the pathogen Rosellinia necatrix, is one of the world's most devastating plant fungal diseases and affects several commercially important species of fruit trees and crops. Recent global outbreaks of R. necatrix and advances in molecular techniques have both increased interest in this pathogen. However, the lack of information regarding the genomic structure and transcriptome of R. necatrix has been a barrier to the progress of functional genomic research and the control of this harmful pathogen. Here, we identified 10,616 novel full-length transcripts from the filamentous hyphal tissue of R. necatrix (KACC 40445 strain) using PacBio single-molecule sequencing technology. After annotation of the unigene sets, we selected 14 cell cycle-related genes, which are likely either positively or negatively involved in hyphal growth by cell cycle control. The expression of the selected genes was further compared between two strains that displayed different growth rates on nutritional media. Furthermore, we predicted pathogen-related effector genes and cell wall-degrading enzymes from the annotated gene sets. These results provide the most comprehensive transcriptomal resources for R. necatrix, and could facilitate functional genomics and further analyses of this important phytopathogen.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.465-472
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• 2019

Candida albicans is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes infections. Candidiasis is often related to antifungal resistance because the pathogen has the ability to form biofilms. In a previous study, we found that the Salvia miltiorriza ethanol extract demonstrated anticandidal activity by altering membrane permeability and inhibiting the cell wall synthesis in C. albicans. Our results here demonstrate that $78{\mu}g/ml$ of the S. miltiorriza extract significantly diminished the early stage biofilms formed by 10 clinical C. albicans isolates by 51.3%; this was analyzed by 2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt (XTT) reduction assay. The effect of the S. miltiorrhiza extract on the adhesion of C. albicans cells to polystyrene plates and germ tube formation was examined via microscopic investigation. Although the density of the adhered cells was remarkably reduced up on incubation with $39{\mu}g/ml$ S. miltiorrhiza extract, germ tube formation by C. albicans was rarely affected. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the S. miltiorrhiza extract downregulated the expression of C. albicans hypha-specific genes, EAP1 by 34.7% (p < 0.001), ALS1 by 45.0% (p < 0.001), ALS3 by 48.1% (p < 0.001), and ECE1 by 21.3% (p = 0.006), respectively. Our data suggest that the S. miltiorrhiza ethanol extract significantly inhibited the early stage of biofilm formation by C. albicans by interfering with cell adhesion, by downregulating EAP1, ALS1 and ALS3, and presumably by modifying the cell wall and membrane structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2017

How do plants take up water from soils especially when water is scarce in soils? Plants have a strategy to respond to water deficit to manage water necessary for their survival and growth. Plants regulate water transport inside them. Water flows inside the plant via (i) apoplastic pathway including xylem vessel and cell wall and (ii) cell-to-cell pathway including water channels sitting in cell membrane (aquaporins). Water transport across the root and leaf is explained by a composite transport model including those pathways. Modification of the components in those pathways to change their hydraulic conductivity can regulate water uptake and management. Apoplastic barrier is modified by producing Casparian band and suberin lamellae. These structures contain suberin known to be hydrophobic. Barley roots with more suberin content from the apoplast showed lower root hydraulic conductivity. Root hydraulic conductivity was measured by a root pressure probe. Plant root builds apoplastic barrier to prevent water loss into dry soil. Water transport in plant is also regulated in the cell-to-cell pathway via aquaporin, which has received a great attention after its discovery in early 1990s. Aquaporins in plants are known to open or close to regulate water transport in response to biotic and/or abiotic stresses including water deficit. Aquaporins in a corn leaf were opened by illumination in the beginning, however, closed in response to the following leaf water potential decrease. The evidence was provided by cell hydraulic conductivity measurement using a cell pressure probe. Changing the hydraulic conductivity of plant organ such as root and leaf has an impact not only on the speed of water transport across the plant but also on the water potential inside the plant, which means plant water uptake pattern from soil could be differentiated. This was demonstrated by a computer simulation with 3-D root structure having root hydraulic conductivity information and soil. The model study indicated that the root hydraulic conductivity plays an important role to determine the water uptake from soil with suboptimal water, although soil hydraulic conductivity also interplayed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1989

To study the structure of opposite wood in the angiosperms. samples were cut from stems and branchs of 10 spcies growing in Korea. The opposite side was defined as being along a line passing from the most wide annual ring of the tension wood on the upper side to the pith and extrapolated through the opposite side. lateral sides being on the right and left of this line. The stem woods growing almost horizontally were surveyed the structural features of the well-developed opposite wood for the tension wood. In the annual-ring of the well-developed opposite woods. an investigation was made on how the dimension of elements, microfibril angles. and cell wall layers change from tension side to opposite side. The structural characteristics of opposite wood in hardwoods realized in this study are as follows: 1. The vessel diameters increased continuously to ward the opposite side in which the values were maximum. The vessel length also increased toward opposite side. but the rates of increase were smaller than those in the vessel diameters. 2. The wood fiber length were decreased from tension toward opposite side. but the rates of decrement were f1actuated within the sampled species. 3. The microfibril angles had the minimum values on the tension side. then increased steeply toward the opposite side in which the values maximum. 4. In the percentage of elements the vessel elements increased continously at a relative rate from the tension to opposite side, whereas the values of the wood fibers were lower in the opposite than the tension side, but the' variation patterns of rays were not seem distinctly. 5. The component layers of the wood fiber in the opposite woods were very similar to the lateral woods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.800-805
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• 2012

Rice straw is an important roughage resource for ruminants in many rice-producing countries. In this study, a rice brittle mutant (BM, mutation in OsCesA4, encoding cellulose synthase) and its wild type (WT) were employed to investigate the effects of a cellulose synthase gene mutation on rice straw morphological fractions, chemical composition, stem histological structure and in situ digestibility. The morphological fractions investigation showed that BM had a higher leaf sheath proportion (43.70% vs 38.21%, p<0.01) and a lower leaf blade proportion (25.21% vs 32.14%, p<0.01) than WT. Chemical composition analysis showed that BM rice straw was significantly (p<0.01) higher in CP (crude protein), hemicellulose and acid insoluble ash (AIA) contents, but lower in dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADFom) and cellulose contents when compared to WT. No significant difference (p>0.05) was detected in neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and ADL contents for both strains. Histological structure observation indicated that BM stems had fewer sclerenchyma cells and a thinner sclerenchyma cell wall than WT. The results of in situ digestion showed that BM had higher DM, NDFom, cellulose and hemicellulose disappearance at 24 or 48 h of incubation (p<0.05). The effective digestibility of BM rice straw DM and NDFom was greater than that of WT (31.4% vs 26.7% for DM, 29.1% vs 24.3% for NDFom, p<0.05), but the rate of digestion of the slowly digested fraction of BM rice straw DM and NDF was decreased. These results indicated that the mutation in the cellulose synthase gene could improve the nutritive value of rice straw for ruminants.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1998

The Cd1-xZnxS thin films were grown on the Si(100) wafers by a hot wall epitaxy method (HWE). the source and substrate temperature are 600℃ and 440℃, respectively. The crystalline structure of epilayers was investigated by double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). Hall effect on the sample was measured by the van der Pauw method and the carrier density and mobility dependence of Hall characteristics on temperature was also studied. In order to explore the applicability as a photoconductive cell, we measured the sensitivity (γ), the ratio of photocurrent to darkcurrent (pc/dc), maximum allowable power dissipation (MAPD), spectral response and response time. The results indicated that the best photoconductive characteristic were observed in the Cd0.53Zn0.47S samples annealed in Cu vapor comparing with in Cd, Se, air and vacuum vapour. Then we obtained the sensitivity of 0.99, the value of pc/dc of 1.65 × 107, the MAPD of 338mW, and the rise and decay time of 9.7 ms and 9.3 ms, respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.447-452
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• 2006

To determine the functions of specific cell wall polysaccharides, polysaccharides of three mutants, mur3-1, mur3-2, and mur3-3, obtained from Arabidopsis wild type, underwent structural characterization. Upon sequential separation of pectins (RG-I and RG-II) and cross-linking glycans (xyloglucan, XG), only XG was affected by the mud mutation. Wild-type XG contained a considerable amount of fucose, whereas the fucose level in mur3 XGs was less than 20% that of wild type. Further analysis of XGs by matrix-assisted laser-induced/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated that mud lines considerably or completely lost the fucosylated XG oligosaccharides such as XXFG and XLFG and the double-galactosylated oligosaccharide XLLG $^1H$-NMR spectroscopic analyses of the XG oligosaccharides from mur3-3 plant revealed the absence of fucose and a galactose level in the galactosylated side chain that was reduced by 40% compared to that of Arabidopsis wild-type plant. In contrast, 85% less fucose and a slight loss of galactose were observed in the mur3-1 and mur3-2 lines which show normal growth habit. Of the three Arabidopsis mur3 lines studied here, mur3-3 is disrupted by a T-DNA insertion in the exon of MUR3 which encodes XG-specific galactosyltransferase, and exhibits slight dwarfism. These results indicated that the T-DNA insertion at the MUR3 locus did not induce the complete loss of galactose in XG, and that galactose, rather than fucose, in the XG side chains made a major contribution to overall wall strength.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 1988

Soybean seed coat consisted of three layers, and the aleurone layer was attached to the innermost part of seed coat. It showed the different morphological characteristics with single cell layer compared with many cell layers in barley aleurone layer. The structural difference in aleurone cell among varieties was not detected in this experiment. The hole of middle part of hilum consisted of net formed material in order to pass water and gas. In the experiment, it was not studied whether the varieties with hard seed consist of the same structure or not, but the detailed study on this would be necessary. The activity of acid phosphatase showed a tendency to increase in process of imbibition in distilled water. There was no significant difference in the enzyme activity among the varieties tested, but the enzyme activity of Danyoupkong was slightly higher than that of Hwanggeumkong. In germinability, Danyoupkong is higher than Hwangkeumkong, so it might be attributed to the higher activity. There was no difference in acid phosphatase activity between released from the aleurone cell and accumulated in the aleurone cell from 6 to 12 hours incubation of the medium in the absence of GA$_3$, but the difference was detected after 12 hours incubation. And enzyme activity was the highest in the 18 hours incubation. The increase in the release of acid phosphatase from the aleurone cell would be considered as passive diffusive effect due to the increase in turgo pressure of aleurone cell. The acid phosphatase released from aleurone layer increased greatly after 24 hours incubation of the medium in the presence of GA$_3$ and the accumulation within the aleurone cell decreased linearly after 18 hours incubation. The result indicates that GA$_3$ enhance the rate of enzyme release from aleurone layer, suggests that the aleurone cell wall be digested by the introduction of GA and the digested wall act as the channels for enzyme release.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2015

In this paper, the autolysis process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FX-2 (S. cerevisiae FX-2) via, a variety of endogenous enzyme, was investigated systematically by analyzing changes in physicochemical parameters in autolysate, surface morphology and the internal structure of the yeast cells. As an explicit conclusion, the arisen autolysis depended on the pH and the optimal pH was found to be 5.5. Based on the experimental data and the characteristics of mycelia morphology, a hypothesis is put forward that simple proteins in yeast vacuolar are firstly degraded for utilization, and then more membrane-bound proteins are hydrolyzed to release hydrolytic enzymes, which arouse an enzymatic reaction to induce the collapse of the cell wall into the cytoplasm.