• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.153-169
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect and the effect on cell growth and apoptosis in YJCGT, YJCGT YSO and YJCGT YSCO on thioacetamide-induced rat liver tissue and the immortalized human hepatic cell line LX2. Materials and Methods : LX2 cells were treated with various concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300 ug/ml) of YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After the treatment, cell viability was measured by using MTT assay. Caspase inhibitor assay, and cell viability were determined by a colorimetric assay with PMS/MTS solution. Rat liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal thioacetamide injection 150 mg/kg 3 times a week for 5 weeks. After the treatment, body weight, liver & spleen weights, liver function test, the complete blood cell count and the change of portal pressure were studied. After YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO treatment, percentages of collagen in thioacetamide-induced rat liver tissue were measured. Results : The viability of the LX2 cell decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure of LX2 cells to YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO induced caspase-3 activation, but co-treatment of YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, and the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVE-FMK, blocked apoptosis. There was no difference in rat body weight between the thioacetamide only group and the YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO groups. In the YJCGT, YJCGT YSO and YJCGT YSCO groups, the serum level of GPT significantly went down compared with the thioacetamide only group. In the YJCGT, Y+YSO, Y+YSCO groups, white blood cell elevated by thioacetamide injection decreased but RBC, Hgb, and Hct increased. In the Y+YSO group, the portal pressure elevated by thioacetamide injection significantly decreased. In the histological finding, thioacetamide injections caused severe fibrosis, but YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO treatment significantly reduced the amounts of hepatic collagens. Conclusions : YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO inhibit the growth of LX2 cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase activity. YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO have beneficial effects on the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as patients with chronic hepatitis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2014

Dehydroevodiamine HCl (DHED) has been reported to prevent memory impairment and neuronal cell loss in a rat model with cognitive disturbance. We investigated the effect of DHED on memory impairment and behavioral abnormality caused by stress. We demonstrated that DHED can improve stress-induced memory impairments and depression-like behaviors by using open-field test, Y-maze test and forced swimming test. DHED treatment significantly recovered the decreases in the levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) proteins caused by stress and the decreases in cell viability. Our results suggested that DHED is a potential drug candidate for neuronal death, memory impairment and depression induced by stress.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.852-857
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• 2003

Background: Conventional treatment for mesothelioma is largely ineffective. We evaluated the novel approach of adenoviral gene transfection of PTEN gene in mesothelioma cancer cell lines, inflammatory and epithelial subtype, which are sensitive to adenoviral p53. Material and Method: Binary adenoviral PTEN and LacZ (Ad/GT-LacZ and Ad/GV16) vectors were used for transduction of the mesothelioma cell lines, REN (p53 sensitive). Protein levels were determined by Western blotting assay. Apoptosis was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of subdiploid populations. Cell viability was determined with the XTT assay. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and the Student t test. Result: 72 hours after the treatment of adenoviral PTEN gene, cell killing were 32.9% for REN compared to control cell (2.5%) at MOI of 20. Also we observed the over-expression of proapoptotic protein, bax and decreased expression of bcl-2 protein in REN cells. But the expression of BCL-xl, Bak, Bad proteins were not altered. Conclusion: Adenovirus Pten-mediated overexpression of the Bax gene induces apoptosis and decreased cellular viability in p53-sensitive mesothelioma cells. These data suggest that the transfection of PTEN gene may represent a alternative gene therapy strategy to treat mesothelioma.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1801-1809
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• 2018

In the current study investigated the protective effects of citrus based mixture drinks (CBMDs) using oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and restraint-stressed rats. The CBMDs contained citrus bioflavonoids including narirutin and hesperidin. The cell viability of HDF cells treated with $H_2O_2$ was observed at 53.9% but treated with CBMD-1 and CBMD-2 ($500{\mu}g/mL$) on $H_2O_2$ exposed HDF cells significantly increased the relative cell viability at 65.0 and 72.2%, respectively. In the treadmill test, the time spent on the electrode plate in the restraint-stressed group was analyzed 24.1 s, but restraint-stressed rats with administered CBMDs (300 mg/kg) had significantly decreased the time at 2.4 (CBMD-1) and 4.7 (CBMD-2) s, respectively. In addition, number of touches the electrode plate in restraint-stressed group was observed at 42.4 ea, but, restraint-stressed rats with administered CBMD-1 and CBMD-2 (300 mg/kg) were significantly decreased at 7.0 and 10.2 ea, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2009

This study was done to assess an alternative method as a replacement of in vivo phototoxicity test. The human fibroblasts were exposed to several phototoxic chemicals (promethazine, chlorpromazine chlortetracycline, 8-methoxypsoralen, neutral red, bithionol) and non-phototoxic materials (cinnamic aldehyde, p-aminobenzoic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, L-cysteine). The cell viability was measured by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. The results of the NRU phototoxicity (PT) assay showed a close agreement with in vivo test except bithionol. We also have tested the cosmetic ingredients including $Medimin^{(R)}$ A, $Medimin^{(R)}$ D, $LG^{(R)}$ 106W, $Phytoclear^{(R)}$ EL-1, Carex humilis L. extract, Canna indica L. extract, Salvia miltiorrhira Bunge extract, $Parsol^{(R)}$ MCX and $Parsol^{(R)}$ 1789. Most materials except Salvia miltiorrhira Bunge extract did not show any phototoxicity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.863-870
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate that Injinoryung-san-Ga-Samchilgun(IJORS) has an inhibitory effect on the development of liver fibrosis in rats. The influence of IJORS on liver stellate cell viability in rat was measured by the MTT assay, and proliferation was measured by the BrdU assay. The mRNA expression of procollagen type $1{\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}-SMA$, TIMP1, and TIMP2 all of which are associated with liver fibrosis, were analyzed by RT-PCR. The inhibitory effect of IJORS on procollagen production in hepatic stellate cell was examined using by enzyme immuno assay(procollagen Type 1 C-Peptide EIA). And after IJORS was orally administered to experimental rats with thioacetamide(TAA)-induced liver fibrosis for 4 weeks, the body weight, liver function test, complete blood and the change of portal pressure were measured. IJORS prevented hepatic stellate cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. IJORS reduced the mRNA expression of procollagen type $1{\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}-SMA$ and TIMP1 and the production of procollagen protein. IJORS inhibited the increase of AST, ALT, WBC and portal pressure in rats administered by TAA. IJORS is considered to prevent liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of stellate cell and production of procollagen and prevent the progress of liver fibrosis by inhibiting the inflammation of liver tissue complicated in many liver disease.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2012

Recent studies have uncovered attractive properties of para-coumaric acid (PCA) as a potential skin hywhitening agent. The purpose of the current study was to examine its UVB-shielding effects. Effects of PCA on the viability of HaCaT cells exposed to UVB were assessed in vitro in comparison with other aromatic amino acid metabolites that have similar UV absorption spectra. For in vivo test, PCA cream (1.5 %) and cream base were topically applied to the dorsal skin of SKH-1 hairless mice and the inflammatory responses due to UVB exposure were monitored by changes in skin color (erythema) and thickness (edema). The cream application-UVB exposure regimen was repeated every other day for a total of 12 sessions. When HaCaT cells were irradiated with UVB, there was a dose-dependent decline in cell viability. The cell viability decline due to UVB exposure (10 mJ $cm^{-2}$) was significantly prevented by 100 ${\mu}M$ PCA, cinnamic acid, urocanic acid, or indole acrylic acid by 39, 27, 39, or 31 %, respectively. Topical application of PCA cream onto the dorsal skin of hairless mice (10 ${\mu}g\;cm^{-2}$) attenuated the changes of color parameters, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values, and thickness of the UVB (150 mJ $cm^{-2}$)-exposed skin by 59, 50, 58, and 53 %, respectively. The current study, together with the previous studies that demonstrated the antimelanogenic effects of PCA, suggested that PCA may prevent not only dyspigmentation but also inflammatory reactions in the UVB-exposed skin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.38.1-38.15
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the cytotoxicity, radiopacity, pH, and dentinal tubule penetration of a paste of 1.0% calcium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO:1.0Ca) combined with propylene glycol (PRG) or polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol (PEG-PRG). Materials and Methods: The pastes were prepared by mixing calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] or ZnO:1.0Ca with PRG or a PEG-PRG mixture. The pH was evaluated after 24 and 96 hours of storage in deionized water. Digital radiographs were acquired for radiopacity analysis and bubble counting of each material. The materials were labeled with 0.1% fluorescein and applied to root canals, and images of their dentinal tubule penetration were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RAW264.7 macrophages were placed in different dilutions of culture media previously exposed to the materials for 24 and 96 hours and tested for cell viability using the MTT assay. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test (α = 0.05) were performed. Results: ZnO:1.0Ca materials showed lower viability at 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions than Ca(OH)₂ materials (p < 0.0001). Ca(OH)₂ had higher pH values than ZnO:1.0Ca at 24 and 96 hours, regardless of the vehicle (p < 0.05). ZnO:1.0Ca pastes showed higher radiopacity than Ca(OH)₂ pastes (p < 0.01). No between-material differences were found in bubble counting (p = 0.0902). The ZnO:1.0Ca pastes had a greater penetration depth than Ca(OH)₂ in the apical third (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: ZnO:1.0Ca medicaments presented higher penetrability, cell viability, and radiopacity than Ca(OH)₂. Higher values of cell viability and pH were present in Ca(OH)₂ than in ZnO:1.0Ca.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.449-452
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• 2001

In this study. an efficacy study of Portulaca Extract (PE) and ${\beta}$ -glucan. candidates for cosmetic additives. was pedormed using artificial skin model (AS). The AS consists of collagen gel matrix populated by ATCC human skin fibroblast cell line that is overlaid with epidermal human skin keratinocyte cell line. Cytotoxicity and anti - inflammatory activity of PE and ${\beta}$ -glucan were assessed using monolayer and AS models by measuring cell viability and the secretion of interleukin -1 ${\alpha}$.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2020

PURPOSE. This study aims to compare the marginal fitness of two types of implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis, i.e., cementless fixation (CL.F) system and cement-retained type. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In each group, ten specimens were assessed. Each specimen comprised implant lab analog, titanium abutment fabricated with a 2-degree tapered axial wall, and zirconia crown. The crown of the CL.F system was retained by frictional force between abutment and relined composite resin. In the cement-retained type, zinc oxide eugenol cement was used to set crown and abutment. All specimens were sterilized with ethylene oxide, immersed in Prevotella intermedia culture in a 50 mL tube, and incubated with rotation. After 48 h, the specimens were washed thoroughly before separating the crown and abutment. The bacteria that penetrated into the crown-abutment interface were collected by washing with 500 µL of sterile saline. The bacterial cell number was quantified using the agar plate count technique. The BacTiter-Glo Microbial Cell Viability Assay Kit was used to measure bacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bioluminescence, which reflects the bacterial viability. The t-test was performed, and the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS. The number of penetrating bacterial cells assessed by colony-forming units was approximately 33% lower in the CL.F system than in the cement-retained type (P<.05). ATP-bioluminescence was approximately 41% lower in the CL.F system than in the cement-retained type (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The CL.F system is more resistant to bacterial penetration into the abutment-crown interface than the cement-retained type, thereby indicating a precise marginal fit.