• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.255-256
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• 2007

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.195-198
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• 1974

The purpose of this study is to obtain the histopathological change of dentin and pulp when the prepared cavity is exposed to oral fluid without protection. The results were as follows: 1. Hyperemia of pulp blood vessel and round cell infiltration in odontoblast layer observed on the one week experimental dogs. 2. Marked edematous change, round cell infiltration, fibrotic change and prolif eration of collagenous fiber showed on the 8 week experimental dogs. 3. Prepared cavity should be protected by the biologically accepted lining mater ials regardless of cavity depth.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.559-565
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• 1999

The two gericudranin E derivatives, GER-I & II, were synthesized and evaluated their antitumour activities for the elucidation of structure-activity relationship. 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone was converted to target molecules GER-I and GER-B in 5 steps via sequential protection, aldol condensation, Michael type-cyclization, regioselective C-benzylation. The cellular growth inhibition of compounds GER-I and GER-II were investigated against P388, L1210, K562, HCT-15, SK-HepG-1, MCF-7 as cancer cell lines and mouse splenocytes as a normal cell by MTT assay.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.437-445
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• 2021

Tilletia laevis Kuhn (syn. Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro.) causes wheat common bunt, which is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. Common bunt can result in a reduction of 80% or even a total loss of wheat production. In this study, the characteristics of T. laevis infection in compatible wheat plants were defined based on the combination of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We found T. laevis could lead to the abnormal growth of wheat tissues and cells, such as leakage of chloroplasts, deformities, disordered arrangements of mesophyll cells and also thickening of the cell wall of mesophyll cells in leaf tissue. What's more, T. laevis teliospores were found in the roots, stems, flag leaves, and glumes of infected wheat plants instead of just in the ovaries, as previously reported. The abnormal characteristics caused by T. laevis may be used for early detection of this pathogen instead of molecular markers in addition to providing theoretical insights into T. laevis and wheat interactions for breeding of common bunt resistance.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2004

Tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) regulates various biological processes, including extracellular matrix organization, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. Here we report the protective role of tTGase in the cell death that is induced by the tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and ceramide, a product of the TNF-$\alpha$ signaling pathway, in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with retinoic acid (RA) induced the differentiation of the neuroblastoma cells with the formation of extended neurites. Immunostaining and Western blot analysis showed the tTGase expression by RA treatment. TNF-$\alpha$ or $C_2$ ceramide, a cell permeable ceramide analog, induced cell death in normal cells, but cell death was largely inhibited by the RA treatment. The inhibition of tTGase by the tTGase inhibitors, monodansylcadaverine and cystamine, eliminated the protective role of RA-treatment in the cell death that is caused by TNF-$\alpha$ or $C_2$-ceramide. In addition, the co-treatment of TNF-$\alpha$ and cycloheximide ecreased the protein level of tTGase and cell viability in the RA-treated cells, supporting the role of tTGase in the protection of cell death. DNA fragmentation was also induced by the co-treatment of TNF-$\alpha$ and cycloheximide. These results suggest that tTGase expressed by RA treatment plays an important role in the protection of cell death caused by TNF-$\alpha$ and ceramide.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to see the radiation protection effect of the oral injected Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam. extracts on the small intestine and uterus of female SD Rat as a natural radiation protection agent. The experimental group was divided into four groups: Normal Control group (NC group), Injected Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam. extracts group (DZ group), irradiated group after injecting Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam. extracts (DZ+IR group). The whole body of SD Rat was irradiated with gamma-ray 10Gy, and the administration of oral Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam. Extract was 2 cc (71.56 mg/day/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. For this study, chages in blood cell levels, SOD assay, small intestine and uterus were observed. In the 21st white blood cell level, the DZ+IR group recovered to a normal level, and the IR group didn't. The IR group villus length was lower than other groups on Day 1. IR group was partially recovered, and DZ+IR group was recovered like the NC group on Day 21. In the case of the first-day endometrium, the IR group was thin and the boundary was cloudy, and the DZ+IR group was thicker and the boundary was clearer than the IR group. Day 21 IR group still did not recover, and DZ+IR group recovered like NC group. This is believed to have radiation protection effects in the blood cells and small intestine and uterus of the irradiated female SD Rat, and is expected to be useful for the study of natural radiation protection materials.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2018

Atypical furnculosis caused by atypical Aeromonas salmonicida, is an emerging problem of farming of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) in Korea. In this study, protection against atypical furunculosis was compared in rockfish vaccinated with A. salmonicida formalin killed cell (FKC) and adjuvant containing FKC. The formalin inactivated A. salmonicida vaccine provided a low protection of 20% and 10% relative percent survival (RPS) at 44 and 58 days post vaccination. However, addition of adjuvant (squalene and aluminum hydroxide) into inactivated A. salmonicida vaccine clearly enhanced the level of protection showing 70% and 50% RPS at 44 and 58 days post vaccination.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1567-1570
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• 2022

This paper, we presents a RF protection technique of antenna switch by improving the power handling capability in worst case environment mode for mobile phone applications without critical payment of circuit performances such as insertion loss, isolation and ACBV (AC breakdown voltage). By applying a additional capacitive path located in front of the antenna in cell-phone, it performs the effective reduction of input power in high voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) condition. Under the all-path off condition which causes a high VSWR, it achieved 37.7dBm power handling level as high as 5.7dB compared to that of conventional one at 2GHz. In addition, insertion loss and isolation performances were 0.31dB and 42.72dB at 2 GHz, respectively which were almost similar to that of the conventional circuit. The proposed antenna switch was fabricated in 130nm CMOS SOI technology.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

The use of a microporous membrane along with Au/C catalyst for direct glycerol alkaline fuel cell was investigated. In comparison with Nafion 112, the microporous Celgard 3401 membrane provides a better cell performance due to the lower ionic resistance as confirmed by impedance spectra. The single cell using Au/C as anode catalyst prepared by using PVA protection techniques provided a higher maximum power density than the single cell with commercial PtRu/C at $18.65mW\;cm^{-2}$ The short-term current decay studies show a better stability of Au/C single cell. The higher activity of Au/C over PtRu/C was owing to the lower activation loss of Awe. The magnitude of current decay indicates a low problem of glycerol crossover from anode to cathode side. The similar performance of single cell with and without humudification at cathode points out an adequate transport of water through the microporous membrane.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.328-332
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify the protective effect of Codonopis pilosula extract on cell death induced by $H_2O_2$ in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. We measured the antioxidant effect by DPPH radical scavenging analysis, BSA analyssis and examined the cell viability by crystal violet and cytochrome C, Bax, Bcl-2, p53, p21 by using Western blot analysis. Codonopis pilosula extract scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner and shown direct free radical scavenging effect, suggested that Codonopis pilosula extract have antioxidant effect in vitro. Treatment of cells with hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species, was to induce cell death and pretreatment with Codonopis pilosula extract attenuated the occurrence of $H_2O_2-induced$ cell death. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of action of Codonopis pilosula extract, Western blot analyses for Bcl-2 and Bax expression and cytochrome c release were carried out. Pretreatment with Codonopis pilosula extract induced the expression of Bcl-2 and suppressed the release of cytochrome c and Bax into the cytosol, thereby arresting $H_2O_2-induced$ apoptotic cell death. Especially p21 and p53 were decreased prior to $H_2O_2$ treatment. These results suggest that Codonopis pilosula extract is associated with the cell cycle and anti-apoptotic cell death.