• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.739-746
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• 2017

As alternatives to antibiotics in livestocks, probiotics have been used, although most of them in the form of liquid or semisolid formulations, which show low cell viability after oral administration. Therefore, suitable dry dosage forms should be developed for livestocks to protect probiotics against the low pH in the stomach such that the products have higher probiotics survivability. Here, in order to develop a dry dosage forms of probiotics for poultry, we used hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 55 (HPMCP 55) as a tablet-forming matrix to develop probiotics in a tablet form for poultry. Here, we made three different kinds of probiotics-loaded tablet under different compression forces and investigated their characteristics based on their survivability, morphology, disintegration time, and kinetics in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The results indicated that the probiotics formulated in the tablets displayed higher survival rates in acidic gastric conditions than probiotics in solution. Rapid release of the probiotics from the tablets occurred in simulated intestinal fluid because of fast swelling of the tablets in neutral pH. As a matrix of tablet, HPMCP 55 provided good viability of probiotics after 6 months under refrigeration. Moreover, after oral administration of probiotics-loaded tablets to chicken, more viable probiotics were observed, than with solution type, through several digestive areas of chicken by the tablets.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.65-75
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• 2009

Objectives : Pyrite is one of the important prescriptions that has been used in oriental medicine for healing of fracture. It is reasonable, therefore, to postulate that native copper affects the process of bone metabolism and bone formation. The purpose of this study is to discover the effect of Pyrite on the healing of tibia fracture. Methods : 1. In vitro test : MG-63 cell in human body and the Pyritum in the ratio of 0.5mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 1.5mg/ml, 2.0mg/ml were incubated for 24 hours. After 24 hours, RNA was extracted via trizol reagent (Sigma, USA). In order to understand the activation of osteoblast, the level of OPN mRNA, osteopontin, was measured. 2. In vivo tesgroups normal group, control group and experimental group. Left tibia bones of mice in CON and JT groups were fractured by bone cutters. Pyrite was orally administered to the experimental group. After 14 days, each group's tibia specimen was constructed to observe changes in activation of proinflmmatory cytokines in relation to MIF and IL-6. Also, proliferation of osteoblast and osteopontin were measured via changes in levels of OPN and OPN mRNA. Results : In jn-Titro test, the level of OPN mRNA, osteopontin production was remarkably increased in Pyritum-treated MG-63 cells. In in-vitro test, fractured area in external tibia morphology was increased more in the JT group than that of the CON group. Osteogenesis, endochodrial ossification, and osteoid in fractured area were also increased more in the JT group than that of the CON group. Increase in OPN mRNA, osteopontin level and osteoblast's proliferation were observed. Activation of MIF and IL-6 was confirmed from the fracture region. Conclusions : From the result, development of a new stimulator in healing fracture via pyrite is expected.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2015

Effects of the post-acid treatment of SAPO-34 sample by hydrochloric acid were investigated to enhance the catalytic performance in DTO reaction. Uniformly sized SAPO-34 samples with cubic-like morphology were prepared by hydrothermal method using TEAOH and DEA as the structure directing agents. It was modified in terms of the HCl concentration and treating time. As a result, the total surface area and micropore volume for the well modified samples increased and the total acid site was somewhat decreased along with the erosion of the external surface. Especially, the catalytic lifetime and light olefins selectivity for acid treated SAPO-0.2 M (3 h) samples were considerably enhanced compared with those of untreated SAPO-34 samples. It indicates that the deactivation by coke formation proceeds mainly at the pore entrance on the external surface. Therefore, the acid treatment was confirmed to be a simple method which can significantly improve the catalytic performance by modifying the external surface of SAPO-34 catalyst.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.870-879
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• 2020

Dendrites require precise and timely delivery of protein substrates to distal areas to ensure the correct morphology and function of neurons. Many of these protein substrates are supplied in the form of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and mRNAs, which are subsequently translated in distal dendritic areas. It remains elusive, however, whether key RBPs supply mRNA according to local demands individually or in a coordinated manner. In this study, we investigated how Drosophila sensory neurons respond to the dysregulation of a disease-associated RBP, Ataxin-2 (ATX2), which leads to dendritic defects. We found that ATX2 plays a crucial role in spacing dendritic branches for the optimal dendritic receptive fields in Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) neurons, where both expression level and subcellular location of ATX2 contribute significantly to this effect. We showed that translational upregulation through the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) further enhanced the ATX2-induced dendritic phenotypes. Additionally, we found that the expression level of another disease-associated RBP, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), decreased in both cell bodies and dendrites when neurons were faced with aberrant upregulation of ATX2. Finally, we revealed that the PAM2 motif of ATX2, which mediates its interaction with poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), is potentially necessary for the decrease of FMRP in certain neuronal stress conditions. Collectively, our data suggest that dysregulation of RBPs triggers a compensatory regulation of other functionally-overlapping RBPs to minimize RBP dysregulation-associated aberrations that hinder neuronal homeostasis in dendrites.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the conventional slow freezing and vitrification methods for cryopreserving in vivo and in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Morphology of post-thawed embryos was evaluated and normal embryos were used for successive culture for 72 h. In experiment I, In embryo viability, There was no significant differences in blastocyst re-expansion rates were found between in vivo and in vitro embryos(89.6% vs. 81.5%). whereas hatched-BL and total cell number rates was significantly higher (p<0.05) for in vivo-derived embryos (76.9%, 136${\pm}$3.6 vs. 43.4%, 107${\pm}$3.8). In experiment II, There was no significant differences in blastocyst re-expansion and Expansion-BL rates were found between in slow freezing and vitrification methods (91.3% vs. 85.7% and 71.4% vs. 75.0%, respectively). in conclusion, These results suggested that the field application for bovine embryo transfer is in part supported by improvements of technologies in embryo conventional slow freezing and vitrification cryopreservation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.197-197
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• 2016

Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications. However, the use of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in biomaterial is then a subject of controversy because aluminum ions and vanadium oxide have potential detrimental influence on the human body due to vanadium and aluminum. Hence, recent works showed that the synthesis of new Ti-based alloys for implant application involves more biocompatible metallic alloying element, such as, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo. In particular, Nb and Hf are one of the most effective Ti ${\beta}-stabilizer$ and reducing the elastic modulus. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) is known as excellent method in the biocompatibility of biomaterial due to quickly coating time and controlled coating condition. The anodized oxide layer and diameter modulation of Ti alloys can be obtained function of improvement of cell adhesion. Manganese(Mn) plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. Radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering in the various PVD methods has high deposition rates, high-purity films, extremely high adhesion of films, and excellent uniform layers for depositing a wide range of materials, including metals, alloys and ceramics like a hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study is to research the Mn coatings on the micro-pore formed Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys by RF-magnetron sputtering for dental applications. Ti-29Nb-xHf (x= 0, 3, 7 and 15wt%, mass fraction) alloys were prepared Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys of containing Hf up from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were melted by using a vacuum furnace. Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were homogenized for 2 hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. Each alloy was anodized in solution containing typically 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at room temperature. A direct current power source was used for the process of anodization. Anodized alloys was prepared using 270V~300V anodization voltage at room. Mn coatings was produced by RF-magnetron sputtering system. RF power of 100W was applied to the target for 1h at room temperature. The microstructure, phase and composition of Mn coated oxide surface of Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.199-199
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• 2016

Commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and Ti alloys (typically Ti-6Al-4V) display excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Although the chemical composition and topography are considered important, the mechanical properties of the material and the loading conditions in the host have, conventionally. Ti and its alloys are not bioactive. Therefore, they do not chemically bond to the bone, whereas they physically bond with bone tissue. The electrochemical deposition process provides an effective surface for biocompatibility because large surface area can be served to cell proliferation. Electrochemical deposition method is an attractive technique for the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp). However, the adhesions of these coatings to the Ti surface needs to be improved for clinical used. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) enables control in the chemical com position, porous structure, and thickness of the $TiO_2$ layer on Ti surface. In addition, previous studies h ave concluded that the presence of $Ca^{+2}$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$ ion coating on porous $TiO_2$ surface induced adhesion strength between HAp and Ti surface during electrochemical deposition. Silicon (Si) in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. Zinc (Zn) plays very important roles in bone formation and immune system regulation, and is also the most abundant trace element in bone. The objective of this work was to study electrochemical characteristcs of Zn and Si coating on Ti-6Al-4V by PEO treatment. The coating process involves two steps: 1) formation of porous $TiO_2$ on Ti-6Al-4V at high potential. A pulsed DC power supply was employed. 2) Electrochemical tests were carried out using potentiodynamic and AC impedance methoeds. The morphology, the chemical composition, and the micro-structure an alysis of the sample were examined using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The enhancements of the HAp forming ability arise from $Si/Zn-TiO_2$ surface, which has formed the reduction of the Si/Zn ions. The promising results successfully demonstrate the immense potential of $Si/Zn-TiO_2$ coatings in dental and biomaterials applications.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 1999

When the first red tide alert by Cochlodinium polykrikoides was alarmed around the Oenarodo coast on Aug. 27, 1997, there co-occurred two chain-forming naked dinoflagellates which were different sized but looked fairly similar. The analyses of 24S rRNA sequences of these species showed that their gene sequences had only 74.9% identity. This low value implies that they are quite different species. After isolation and cultivation of each species, the morphological characteristics were observed. This revealed that the larger species ranging from 20 to 35 ${\mu}m$ was the well known, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and the smaller one ranging from 12 to 25 ${\mu}m$ was Gyrodinium impudicum which had not been reported in Korea. As their 24S rRNA sequences had not been analysed yet, we deposited the sequences in Genbank. At that time of the investigation. the red tide was caused by G. impudicum of which maximum cell counts reached up to 30,000 cells $ml^{-1}$. In this study we describe the morphological characteristics and the behavioral patterns of each species which can be easily observed with light microscope or stereomicroscope. In addition, their morphology transformed by the fixation with Lugol's solution are also characterized. which can help to discriminate each one in the fixed sample.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2007

Demineralized bone particle (DBP) has been used as one of the powerful inducers of bone and cartilage tissue specialization. In this study, we fabricated DBP/PLGA scaffold for tissue engineered disc regeneration. We manufactured dual-structured scaffold to compose inner cylinder and outer doughnut similar to nature disc tissue. The DBP/PLGA scaffold was characterized by porosity, wettability, and water uptake ability. We isolated and cultured nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells from rabbit intervertebral disc. We seeded NP cells into the inner core of the hybrid scaffold and AF cells into the outer portion of it. Cellular viability and proliferation were assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2,5- diphenyltetrazolium -bromide (MTT) test. PLGA and PLGA/DBP scaffolds were implanted in subcutaneous of athymic nude mouse to observe the formation of disc-like tissue in vivo. And then we observed change of morphology and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Formation of disc-like tissue was better DBP/PLGA hybrid scaffold than control. Specially, we confirmed that scaffold impregnated 20 and 40% DBP affected to proliferation of disc cell and formation of disc-like tissue.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate morphological characteristics of veiled lady mushroom (Dictyophora sp.). Morphological observation of mycelium showed the presence of chlamydospore-like swelling cells, and typical mycelial champ connections. Fruiting body of the veiled lady mushroom consists of cap, velum, stipe, and vulva. Oval-shaped eggs were surrounded by exodermis, gelatin layers and endodermis, and the fruiting bodies remained inside volva as liquid gelatin layer. Dark green spore layer was formed at the top of cap. The surface eggs in the cultivated veiled lady mushroom was covered with white needle-shaped mycelial projection that was oval in shape. The velum of fruiting body stretched down to the top of volva. The net was regularly shaped, and smelled like fragrance with chestnut flower. The strain KACC 50650 was identified as Dictyophora echinovolvata based on the morphology of eggs and fruiting bodies, and named as Huin-Dol-Gi-Mang-Tae mushroom in Korean.