• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2001

초파리 발생과정에서 세포사멸에 관여하는 유전자인 reaper(rpr), grim, dcp-1, diap1, diap1, diap2의 발현양상을 경제적 RT-PCR 방법으로 분석하였다. 세포사멸 유도 유전자인 rpr, grim의 발현양상은 발생단계에 따른 ecdysone titer 변화 양상과 매우 유사하였다. Effector caspase인 dcp-1 전사체는 초기 배와 암컷 성체에서 높은 발현을 보였다. 반면에 세포사멸 억제인자인 diap1과 diap2 전사체는 세포사멸 유도 인자인 rpr과 girm 전사체와 서로 상반적인 양상으로 발현되었다. 또한, 유주 3령 유충의 발생단계 별로 침샘조직과 성체원기조직에서 rpr, diap2, dcp-1의 전사체의 양적 변동을 분석하였다. rpr, diap2의 전사체양은 두 조직에서 서로 상반적으로 변화하였다. 이 결과는 정상 발생과정에서 세포죽음 관련유전자들의 발현이 ecdysone 신호에 의해 조절됨을 암시해 주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.509-515
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• 2004

광역동치료(PDT)는 갖가지 고형 종양의 치료를 위한 임상적시도로 시작되어 화학요법 및 방사선 요법에 내성이 있는 종양의 대체 치료법의 하나로 제시되고 있다. PDT는 전신적 또는 국소적으로 투여하여 유해한 조직에 선택적으로 농축되도록 한 광증감제와 이를 활성화하는 적절한 파장과 에너지를 가진 레이저광의 조합에 기초한다. 이 연구에서는, 인체 골육종 세포(HOS)에 미치는 레이저 EIT 21의 광독성 효과에 대해 알아보았으며, 그런 광독성 효과가 세포고사를 유발하는가를 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 레이저 EIT 21이 HOS 세포에 대해 광독성을 효과를 가진다는 것을 증명했다. 세포 죽음이 세포괴사에 의해 유발되는지 아니면 세포고사에 의해 유발되는지를 알아보기 위해 세포 고사를 평가 하는 여러 실험 기법을 이용하였다. TUNEL 분석은 극소수만이 응축된 핵의 양성반응을 보여주었다. Hemacolor와 AO/EB 염색 또한 대부분의 세포가 괴사로 죽는 것을 보여주었다. 레이저 EIT로 조사된 HOS 세포에서 응축되거나 분절된 핵을 발견하는 것은 어려웠다. DNA 전기영동에서, 세포고사에서 보여지는 DNA 분절의 전형적인 특징인 사다리형 절편 형태(ladder fragmentation pattern)가 나타나지 않았다. Western blotting에 의한 분석에서 p53의 발현은 일정하게 나타났고 레이저로 조사된 세포는 caspase-3과 PARP의 분열을 나타내지 않는 것으로 보아 레이저 유도 세포 죽음(laser-induced cell death)은 p53과는 관련이 없는 것 같다.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2023

Studies describing the vascular systems and their variations in Situs inversus totalis (SIT) from a whole-body computed tomographic (CT) angiography perspective are lacking. We report a case of SIT in which postmortem CT angiography (PMCTA) was performed as a part of the forensic death investigation and incidentally detected several vascular variations in it. The PMCTA procedure was performed using the multiphase PMCTA protocol. Almost all major vessels were visualized, indeed in a completely reversed pattern. Contrast mixture flow interruptions were noted in the right coronary arterial branches suggesting possible blockage, upon which autopsy revealed >90% vessel occlusions at several locations. As such the cause of death was due to ischemic heart disease. Anomalous origins of the right internal mammary artery; abnormal left thyrocervical trunk and variations in the drainage of testicular veins were noted. Our findings might be helpful to clinicians and add to the body of literature on SIT.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1276-1282
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• 2008

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract on protecting microglia and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and oxidants. The effects of the ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract on cell death of BV2 microglial cell line treated by $IFN-{\gamma}$ ; expression of NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ; AChE activity in PC-12 cell treated by NGF were investigated, respectively. The ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract significantly increased cell viability in BV2 microglial cell line treated with $IFN-\nu$. The ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract suppressed the NO and RDS production in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract groups also showed inhibition of AChE activity in PC-12 cell line. According to the above result, it is suggested that the ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. OnDam-TanghapChongMyoung-Tang (ODTCMT), DoDam-TanghapChongMyoung-Tang (DDTCMT), Microglia, acetylcholinesterase, ROS

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2007

Hoxc8 is one of the homeotic developmental control genes regulating the expression of many downstream target genes, through which animal body pattern is established during embryonic development. In previous proteomics analysis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which is also known as cyclin, has been implied to be regulated by Hoxc8 in F9 murine embryonic teratocarcinoma cell. When the 5' upstream region of PCNA was analyzed, it turned out to contain 20 Hox core binding sites (ATTA) in about 1.17 kbp (kilo base pairs) region ($-520{\sim}-1690$). In order to test whether this region is responsible for Hoxc8 regulation, the upstream 2.3 kbp fragment of PCNA was amplified through PCR and then cloned into the pGL3 basic vector containing a luciferase gene as a reporter. When the luciferase activity was measured in the presence of effector plasmid (pcDNA : c8) expressing murine Hoxc8, the PCNA promoter driven reporter activity was reduced. To confirm whether this reduction is due to the Hoxc8 protein, the siRNA against Hoxc8 (5'-GUA UCA GAC CUU GGA ACU A-3' and 5'-UAG UUC CAA GGU CUG AUA C-3') was prepared. Interestingly enough, siRNA treatment up regulated the luciferase activity which was down regulated by Hoxc8, indicating that Hoxc8 indeed regulates the expression of PCNA, in particular, down regulation in NIN3T3 cells. These results altogether indicate that Hoxc8 might orchestrate the pattern formation by regulating PCNA which is one of the important proteins involved in several processes such as DNA replication and methylation, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle regulation, differentiation, as well as programmed cell death.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2015

The nature of molecular mechanisms governing embryonic cell block is largely unknown, but recent reports have demonstrated that proper execution of programmed cell death is crucial for this process. The main objective of this study is to determine effects of programmed cell death on porcine oocytes development in vitro after parthenogenesis. Among the blastocysts matured in 3MA, MAP1LC3A and ATG5 RNA gene expression level increased in the order of Cyst < 3MA < RP. However, Casp-3 and TNF-r RNA gene expression level decreased in the order of RP < 3MA < Cyst. Expression of mTOR within the RP-cultured blastocyst was the most highly to the inner cell mass, while 3MA-cultured blastocyst showed very lowest expression in inner cell mass. The expression of mTOR showed a pattern opposite to that of MAP1LC3A. That is, its expression was the lowest in Cyst group. When the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed in culture, the level of active MMP-9 was higher expression in the medium of each RP treatment group, with the level of another treatment group being relatively higher. Analyses of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 revealed that their expression was higher in groups that did not receive RP treatment. More specifically, the level of TIMP-2 was not affected by Cyst treatment, while the level of TIMP-3 was higher in 3MA and RP treatment group. There was highly cell division activation efficiency of parthenogenesis on cultured system of RP supplement IVC medium. Therefore, these results suggest that embryo development was significantly increased in conditional culture medium with active autophagy as compared to common cultured condition. Further investigation of this distinction may enable the development of innovative improvements for the production of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2016

To understand how Bursaphelenchus xylophilus kills pine trees, the differences between the effects of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus on pine trees are usually compared. In this study, the migration and attacking ability of a non-pathogenic B. mucronatus in Pinus thunbergii were investigated. The distribution of B. mucronatus and the number of dead epithelial cells resulting from inoculation were compared with those of the pathogenic B. xylophilus. Although B. mucronatus is non-pathogenic in pines, its distribution pattern in P. thunbergii was the same as that of B. xylophilus. We therefore concluded that the non-pathogenicity of B. mucronatus could not be attributed to its migration ability. The sparse and sporadic attacking pattern of B. mucronatus was also the same as that of B. xylophilus. However, the number and area of the dead epithelial cells in pine cuttings inoculated with B. mucronatus were smaller than in those cuttings inoculated with B. xylophilus, meaning that the attacking ability of B. mucronatus is weaker than that of B. xylophilus. Therefore, we concluded that the weaker attacking ability of B. mucronatus might be the factor responsible for the non-pathogenicity.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8.1-8.15
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• 2020

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 has resulted in unprecedented clinical benefit for cancer patients. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy has become the standard treatment for diverse cancer types as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies, and its indications are expanding. However, many patients do not benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy due to primary and/or acquired resistance, which is a major obstacle to broadening the clinical applicability of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. In addition, hyperprogressive disease, an acceleration of tumor growth following anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, has been proposed as a new response pattern associated with deleterious prognosis. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy can also cause a unique pattern of adverse events termed immune-related adverse events, sometimes leading to treatment discontinuation and fatal outcomes. Investigations have been carried out to predict and monitor treatment outcomes using peripheral blood as an alternative to tissue biopsy. This review summarizes recent studies utilizing peripheral blood immune cells to predict various outcomes in cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2013

${\alpha}$-Curcumene is one of the physiologically active components of Curcuma zedoaria, which is believed to perform anti-tumor activities, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the apoptotic effect of ${\alpha}$-curcumene on the growth of human overian cancer, SiHa cells. Upon treatment with ${\alpha}$-curcumene, cell viability of SiHa cells was inhibited > 73% for 48 h incubation. ${\alpha}$-Curcumene treatment showed a characteristic nucleosomal DNA fragmentation pattern and the percentage of sub-diploid cells was increased in a concentration-dependent manner, hallmark features of apoptosis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c activation and an in vitro caspase-3 activity assay demonstrated that the activation of caspases accompanies the apoptotic effect of ${\alpha}$-curcumene, which mediates cell death. These results suggest that the apoptotic effect of ${\alpha}$-curcumene on SiHa cells may converge caspase-3 activation through the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.566-578
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• 2020

Objective : Radiation is known to induce autophagy in malignant glioma cells whether it is cytocidal or cytoprotective. Dexamethasone is frequently used to reduce tumor-associated brain edema, especially during radiation therapy. The purpose of the study was to determine whether and how dexamethasone affects autophagy in irradiated malignant glioma cells and to identify possible intervening molecular pathways. Methods : We prepared p53 mutant U373 and LN229 glioma cell lines, which varied by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutational status and were used to make U373 stable transfected cells expressing GFP-LC3 protein. After performing cell survival assay after irradiation, the IC₅₀ radiation dose was determined. Dexamethasone dose (10 μM) was determined from the literature and added to the glioma cells 24 hours before the irradiation. The effect of adding dexamethasone was evaluated by cell survival assay or clonogenic assay and cell cycle analysis. Measurement of autophagy was visualized by western blot of LC3-I/LC3-II and quantified by the GFP-LC3 punctuated pattern under fluorescence microscopy and acridine orange staining for acidic vesicle organelles by flow cytometry. Results : Dexamethasone increased cell survival in both U373 and LN229 cells after irradiation. It interfered with autophagy after irradiation differently depending on the PTEN mutational status : the autophagy decreased in U373 (PTEN-mutated) cells but increased in LN229 (PTEN wild-type) cells. Inhibition of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation after irradiation by LY294002 reversed the dexamethasone-induced decrease of autophagy and cell death in U373 cells but provoked no effect on both autophagy and cell survival in LN229 cells. After ATG5 knockdown, radiation-induced autophagy decreased and the effect of dexamethasone also diminished in both cell lines. The diminished autophagy resulted in a partial reversal of dexamethasone protection from cell death after irradiation in U373 cells; however, no significant change was observed in surviving fraction LN229 cells. Conclusion : Dexamethasone increased cell survival in p53 mutated malignant glioma cells and increased autophagy in PTEN-mutant malignant glioma cell but not in PTEN-wildtype cell. The difference of autophagy response could be mediated though the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.