• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.271-286
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• 2017

GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors containing two conserved QLQ and WRC domains and play critical roles in regulating the growth and development of lateral organs, such as cotyledons, leaves, and flowers. To explore the agricultural potential of Brassica rapa GRF genes (BrGRFs), the researchers isolated seven BrGRFs (BrGRF3-1, 3-2, 5, 7, 8-1, 8-2, and 9) and constructed BrGRF-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants (BrGRF-OX). BrGRF-OX plants developed larger cotyledons, leaves, and flowers as well as longer roots than the wild type. The increase in size of these organs were due to increases in cell number, but not due to cell size. BrGRF-OX plants also had larger siliques and seeds. Furthermore, BrGRF-OX seeds produced more oil than the wild type. RT-PCR analysis revealed that BrGRFs regulated expression of a wide range of genes that are involved in gibberellin-, auxin-, cell division-related growth processes. Taken together, the data indicates that BrGRFs act as positive regulators of plant growth, thus raising the possibility that they may serve as a useful genetic source for crop improvement with respect to organ size and seed oil production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.94-103
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• 1996

To understand effect of inoculum size, cell density, sucrose concentration and concentrations of MS basal on suspension culture and protoplast isolation of wild viola(Viola patrinii DC.) callus from petiole segments this experiment was conducted. In the lot of 30 mesh inoculum size, two observations were; One was that a considerable increase in the fresh and dry weight of callus was determined. Another was that the callus mass was relatively compact compared with others. A recommendable cell density was 0.4g for 20ml culture medium and the higher sucrose concentration, the higher fresh and dry weight were obtained. The dilution of MS basal salt was differently affected on fresh and dry weight; the highest fresh weight was found in 1x MS salt, while the higest dry weight was in 1/3x dilution.The addition of casein hydrolysate(3g/L) was more effective to increase of both fresh and dry weight. THe contents of protein was great in the inoculum lots with larger inoculum sizeand higher concentration of MS basal salts contenting 3g/L of casein hydrolysate and higher sucrose compared with others. The greatest protoplasts were isolated from the lot of 10 mesh size treated with 1%pectinase SE-150 and 2% cellulase YC. In general, for optimal protoplast isolation the followingconditions were recommended; 1) Use of smaller cell size cultured for 2-5 weeks, and 2) more than 5 hours incubation using the combined mixture of the enzymes with proper concentrations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.145-146
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• 2007

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Solar cells(DSSC) were appeared for overcoming global environmental problems and lack of fossil fuel problems. And it is one of study field that is getting into the spotlight lately because manufacturing method is more simple and inexpensive than existing silicon solar cells. Oxide semiconductor is used for adsorption of dye and electron transfer in DSSC study, and $TiO_2$ is used most usually. Overall light conversion efficiency is changed by several elements such as $TiO_2$ particle size and structure, pore size and shape. In this study, we report the solar cell performance of titania$(TiO_2)$ film electrodes with various particle sizes. $TiO_2$ particle size was 16 nm, 25 nm, and mixture of 16nm and 25 nm, and manufactured using Doctor blade method. When applied each $TiO_2$ film to DSSC, the best efficiency was found at 16nm of $TiO_2$ particle. 16nm of $TiO_2$ particle has the highest efficiency compared to the others, because particles with smaller diameters would adsorb more dye due to larger surface area. And in case of the mixture of 16nm and 25 nm, the surface area was smaller than expected. It is estimated that double layer is adsorbed a large amount of chemisorbed dye and improved light scattering leading due to efficiency concentration light than mono layer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1994

The effect of diets(high fat, high fat high energy, pectin, cellulose) on adipocyte of epididymal fat pads were investigated in 70 male rats for 8 weeks. The rats were assigned to a control(C), high fat(HF) and high fat high energy(HFHE) group for 4 wks. During the next 4 wks, reassigned to one of three treatments (high fat, pectin supplemented, cellulose supplemented) in the HF group and one of three treatment (high fat high energy, pectin, cellulose) in the HFHE group. Therefore, the total experimental groups were 7 (C, HF, HF-P, HF-C, HFHE, HFHE-P, HFHE-C). Parameters evaluated and compared for each diet were body weight, total energy intake, feed efficiency ratio and weight changes in epididymal fat pads. The results are summarized as follows ; 1) There was no significant difference in body weight gain among the groups. 2) Total energy intake was higher in the C group than other groups. 3) Feed efficiency ratio (F.E.R) of the HF and HFHE groups were greater than C group(2, 4 weeks). However, there were no significant differences between the HF and HFHE groups. 4) Epididymal fat pads(EFP 100g/B.W) of the FH and HFHE groups were higher than C group (2, 4 weeks). However, there were no significant differences between the HF and HFHE groups. There was no significant difference in weight gain of epididymal fat pads among the groups(8 weeks). 5) Cell number and cell size of epididymal fat pads of the HF and HFHE groups were higher than the C group. The pectin and the cellulose supplementation groups decreased cell number and cell size of epididymal fat pads. Especially, the pectin supplementation group decreased than the cellulose supplementation in HFHE group. Therefore, we can concluded that the HF and the HFHE diet has no effect on the epididymal fat pads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.632-638
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• 2005

Membrane fouling index such as Silt Density Index (SDI) and Modified Fouling Index (MFI) is an important parameter in design of the integrated RO/NF membrane processes for drinking water treatment. In this study, the effect of particle, membrane and feed water characteristics on membrane fouling index were investigated systematically. Higher fouling index values were observed when filtering suspensions with smaller particle size and higher feed particle concentration. Larger membrane resistance due to smaller pore size resulted in an increased membrane fouling index. The variations of feed water hardness and TDS concentrations did not show any impact on fouling index, suggesting that there were no significant colloidal interactions among particles and thus the porosity of particle cake layer accumulated on the membrane surface could be assumed to be 0.36 according to random packing density. Based on the experimental observations, fundamental membrane fouling index model was developed using Happel Cell. The effect of primary model parameters including particle size ($a_p$), particle concentration ($C_o$), membrane resistance ($R_m$), were accurately assessed without any fitting parameters, and the prediction of membrane fouling index such as MFI exhibited very good agreement with the experimental results.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.233-237
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• 2014

This case report that the therapeutic effects of traditional Korean medicine(TKM) treatment on the tumor response in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBL) patient. A patient was treated by acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, cupping and herbal medicine once a week at least for 12 months. we evaluated the grade of chief complaints and performed blood tests and sonography, abdominal CT periodically. After 1 month administration with TKM treatment, the symptoms of the patient vanished obviously. the size of inguinal lymphoma decreased gradually through 3 months. then from 3 to 10 months, the size of inguinal lymphoma remained as it is. TKM treatment was maintained continuously. in the abdomino-pelvic CT performed after 12 months, the patient didn't complain any symptom and the size of inguinal lymphoma decreased a little again. This case study supports that TKM treatments may have a efficacy in treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBL) patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.292-296
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• 2023

Generally, if the size of a lip cancer defect exceeds 30% of the lower lip, a local flap or free flap is recommended. However, defects up to 50% of the lower lip in size have been reconstructed successfully by primary closure without a local flap or free flap. In one case, an 80-year-old male farmer who had smoked for more than 50 years presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip and underwent mass resection and supraomohyoid neck dissection. The defect accounted for almost 2/3 of the lower lip and was repaired by primary closure with V-shaped resection. Biopsy results confirmed pT2N0cM0 stage II disease with clear margins. In another case, a 68-year-old male also presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip and underwent mass resection. The defect accounted for about half the size of the lower lip but was repaired by primary closure with V-shaped resection. Both patients experienced no discomfort while eating or speaking and were satisfied with the cosmetic and functional outcomes with no evidence of recurrence. Thus, direct closure can be considered even in large lower lip cancers.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2024

During the surveys of ciliates from hypoxic habitats, three marine anaerobic species were found: Metopus spiculatus, M. vestitus, and Muranothrix felix. These species have not been previously recorded in South Korea and belong to the taxonomic classes Armophorea and Muranotrichea. The morphology of these species was examined by both microscopic observations of live specimens, and stained cells using protargol impregnations. Metopus spiculatus has the following characteristics: body size 80-110×25-35 ㎛ in vivo, beak-like structure at the end of preoral dome, ectosymbiotic bacteria covering cell surface, intracytoplasmic needle-shaped structures and the conspicuous tail end. Metopus vestitus has the following distinguishing characteristics: body size 95-130×25-45 ㎛ in vivo, a cone-shaped body, a covering of ectosymbiotic bacteria on its cell surface, intracytoplasmic needleshaped structures, somatic kineties arranged in 26-28 longitudinal rows, and a posterior part tapered into a tail. Muranothrix felix has the following characteristics: body size 100-130×20-30 ㎛ in vivo, elongated body with twisted neck region, bristle-like cilia protruding perpendicular to the cell margin, ectosymbiotic bacteria covering the cell surface, about 10 macronuclear nodules, and a long, stiffened caudal cilium.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.757-766
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• 2005

There have been great demands for higher density SRAM in all area of SRAM applications, such as mobile, network, cache, and embedded applications. Therefore, aggressive shrinkage of 6T Full CMOS SRAM had been continued as the technology advances, However, conventional 6T Full CMOS SRAM has a basic limitation in the cell size because it needs 6 transistors on a silicon substrate compared to 1 transistor in a DRAM cell. The typical cell area of 6T Full CMOS SRAM is $70{\sim}90F^{2}$, which is too large compared to $8{\sim}9F^{2}$ of DRAM cell. With 80nm design rule using 193nm ArF lithography, the maximum density is 72M bits at the most. Therefore, pseudo SRAM or 1T SRAM, whose memory cell is the same as DRAM cell, is being adopted for the solution of the high density SRAM applications more than 64M bits. However, the refresh time limits not only the maximum operation temperature but also nearly all critical electrical characteristics of the products such as stand_by current and random access time. In order to overcome both the size penalty of the conventional 6T Full CMOS SRAM cell and the poor characteristics of the TFT load cell, we have developed $S^{3}$ cell. The Load pMOS and the Pass nMOS on ILD have nearly single crystal silicon channel according to the TEM and electron diffraction pattern analysis. In this study, we present $S^{3}$ SRAM cell technology with 100nm design rule in further detail, including the process integration and the basic characteristics of stacked single crystal silicon TFT.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2006

There have been great demands for higher density SRAM in all area of SRAM applications, such as mobile, network, cache, and embedded applications. Therefore, aggressive shrinkage of 6 T Full CMOS SRAM had been continued as the technology advances. However, conventional 6 T Full CMOS SRAM has a basic limitation in the cell size because it needs 6 transistors on a silicon substrate compared to 1 transistor in a DRAM cell. The typical cell area of 6 T Full CMOS SRAM is $70{\sim}90\;F^2$, which is too large compared to $8{\sim}9\;F^2$ of DRAM cell. With 80 nm design rule using 193 nm ArF lithography, the maximum density is 72 Mbits at the most. Therefore, pseudo SRAM or 1 T SRAM, whose memory cell is the same as DRAM cell, is being adopted for the solution of the high density SRAM applications more than 64 M bits. However, the refresh time limits not only the maximum operation temperature but also nearly all critical electrical characteristics of the products such as stand_by current and random access time. In order to overcome both the size penalty of the conventional 6 T Full CMOS SRAM cell and the poor characteristics of the TFT load cell, we have developed S3 cell. The Load pMOS and the Pass nMOS on ILD have nearly single crystal silicon channel according to the TEM and electron diffraction pattern analysis. In this study, we present $S^3$ SRAM cell technology with 100 nm design rule in further detail, including the process integration and the basic characteristics of stacked single crystal silicon TFT.