• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 1993

Feeding behavior fo female brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, was examined with an electrical recording technique using DC amplifier and through anatomical observation of stylet ovement in the rice plat with electrical recordings. There was six feeding patterns, type P, S, SB, O, X and Ph with the brown planthopper. Type P was a probing pattern during searching the proper feeding site. Type S appeared to be associated with the initial penetration and changing direction through the tissues, and from this type type SB pattern could be distinguished by the regularity of the large potential drops seen, and might be associated with penetration of the phloem sheath and/or salivation in the phloem sheath. The type O pattern shows none of the large voltage drops which were believed to occur when cell walls were being broken down and passes through a relatively thin layer of cells into an air space. The very constant waveform of the type X pattern could be seen during ingestion within the xylem bundle sheath area. The Ph pattern always followed an SB pattern and was associated with a marked negative voltage drop. When this pattern was seen, the brown planthopper might be ingested plant sap from phloem sheath area.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2017

Based on the super elastic properties of the shape memory alloy (SMA) and the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric (PZT) ceramics, a kind of hybrid semi-active control device was designed and made, its mechanical properties test was done under different frequency and different voltage. The local search ability of genetic algorithm is poor, which would fall into the defect of prematurity easily. A kind of adaptive immune memory cloning algorithm(AIMCA) was proposed based on the simulation of clone selection and immune memory process. It can adjust the mutation probability and clone scale adaptively through the way of introducing memory cell and antibody incentive degrees. And performance indicator based on the modal controllable degree was taken as antigen-antibody affinity function, the optimization analysis of damper layout in a space truss structure was done. The structural seismic response was analyzed by applying the neural network prediction model and T-S fuzzy logic. Results show that SMA and PZT friction composite damper has a good energy dissipation capacity and stable performance, the bigger voltage, the better energy dissipation ability. Compared with genetic algorithm, the adaptive immune memory clone algorithm overcomes the problem of prematurity effectively. Besides, it has stronger global searching ability, better population diversity and faster convergence speed, makes the damper has a better arrangement position in structural dampers optimization leading to the better damping effect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2025-2029
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• 2012

Objective: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the metabolism of folate and nucleotides needed for DNA synthesis and repair. Variations in MTHFR functions likely play roles in the etiology of lung cancer (LC). So far, several studies between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and LC provide controversial or inconclusive results. Methods: To better assess the purported relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 14 publications. Eligible studies were identified by searching the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association. Results: Overall, no significant association was detected between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and LC risk, the same as in race subgroup. However, in the stratified analysis by histological type, significantly increased non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk was indicated (T-allele vs. C-allele: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.19; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.09-1.41; TC vs. CC: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.20 and TT+TC vs. CC: OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.03-1.15). At the same time, ever-smokers who carried T-allele (TT+TC) had a 10% decreased LC risk compared with CC genotype carriers. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that the MTHFR 677T null genotype may increase NSCLC risk, however, it may protect ever-smokers against LC risk. Future studies with large sample sizes are warranted to further evaluate this association in more detail.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3155-3158
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• 2013

Many published studies have concerned associations between the CYP1A2 -163 C>A polymorphism and risk of lung cancer, but the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to obtain a more precise estimate. We searched the PubMed database up to March 1, 2013 for relevant cohort and case-control studies. Supplementary search was conducted manually by searching the references of the included studies and relevant meta-analyses. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software for calculation of pooled odds ratios (ORs) and relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after data extraction. Finally, seven case-control studies and one nested case-control study involving 1,675 lung cancer patients and 2,393 controls were included. The meta-analysis showed that there was no association of CYP1A2 -163 C>A polymorphism with risk of lung cancer overall [(OR=0.89, 95%CI= 0.74-1.07) for C vs. A; (OR=0.73, 95%CI= 0.50-1.07) for AA vs. CC ; (OR=0.82, 95%CI= 0.62-1.09) for AC vs. CC; (OR=0.79, 95%CI= 0.58-1.07) for (AC+AA) vs. CC; and (OR=0.87, 95%CI= 0.67-1.13) for AA vs. (CC+AC)]. Subgroup analysis indicated that there was an associationbetween CYP1A2 -163C>A polymorphism and lung cancer risk for population-based controls, a trend risk for SCCL (squamous cell carcinoma of lung) and Caucasians. These results suggested that -163 C>A polymorphism is likely to be associated with risk of lung cancer compared with population-based controls.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2011

This study tried to integrate the traditional oriental medical theories and results of experimental studies of herbaceous plants on anti-diabetes. And I tried to analyze recent experimental study trend on the anti-diabetic herb. I searched anti-diabetic herb studies on 4 korean databases and 10 korean journals by keywords, 'diabetes', 'blood glucose', 'glycometabolism', 'pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell', etc. In order to see detail review, searching was performed from 2000 to 2010. And I searched 125 study cases concerning anti-diabetic herb and 72 varieties herbaceous plants used in study of anti-diabetes. and I analyzed the choice motives of each herb for anti-diabetic study, the extract methods and anti-diabetic evaluation contents. And I analyzed anti-diabetic herbs from a traditional oriental medical point of view. When the researchers chose herb for anti-diabetic experiment, just 8.8% of the choice was based on the oriental medical evidences. I found that 60.6% of the herb shown to be effective in diabetes experimentally had oriental medical theory-based Properties(性). There were studies with whole plants(16.8%), aqueous extract(45.6%), methanol extract(8.0%), ethanol extract(8.0%) and comparative studies of more than 2 types of extracts or various fractions(18.4%). The most frequent experimental diabetic models was diabetic mouse induced by streptozotocin(STZ)(87.8%). And there were db/db mouse(6.7%), ob/ob mouse(1.1%), etc. 33.6% of all studies just measured hematological indices of diabetes, and 66.4% researches analyzed details. To improve herbaceous plants study on diabetes, we oriental medical scientists have to integrate the oriental medical theories and results of experimental studies.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

Psoriasis is an auto-immune skin disease, which is characterized by the excessive generation of plaques on the skin with typically a long-lasting red, itchy and scaly symptoms. Imiquimod, which has been used for the treatment of external genital warts, actinic keratosis, and superficial basal cell carcinoma, induced of psoriasis-like skin disorders with skin erythema and thickness in mice. In the present study, we tried to find the bioactive herbal extract against imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin disorder in mice. During the searching of the herbal extract with anti-psoriatic effect, the ethanolic extract of Cnidium officinale ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin disorder in mice. The morphological evaluation, H&E staining and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score showed that ear and back thickness, and erythema induced by imiquimod were significantly reversed after the treatment of the cream of the ethanolic extract of C. officinale. The overexpressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) and keratin 6A levels were decreased by the treatment of C. officinale cream. Also, $IFN-{\gamma}$, c-fos and $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ mRNA levels, which are related to the progression of psoriasis, were reduced by C. officinale cream. Thus, the ethanolic extract of C. officinale ameliorated psoriasis-like skin disorder induced by imiquimod and might be the therapeutic agent for psoriasis.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 1994

Drug delivery system by the use of red blood cells was established to sustain the release of drugs in the circulatory system by the intravenous injection. The entrapment method by the preswelling technique was re-examined and evaluated for searching the new entrapping conditions without hemolysis. The addition of 4 volume of $0.6{\times}\;hank's$ balanced salt solution (HBSS) into 1 volume of 50% red blood cells suspension did not induce the hemolysis and change the hematocrit level in this experimental condition (within 15 min). Most of daunorubicin could be entrapped into red blood cells within 15 min. While the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level followed by the entrapment was reduced to 86% of normal ATP level, the membrane fluidity and the shape factor of red blood cells were not altered. The release rate of daunorubicin from red blood cells was affected by the hemolysis under this condition. To maintain the intracellular ATP in red blood cells, the new reaction buffer was made With the addition of ATP and sodium pyruvate during the entrapment procedure because the hemolysis during the release test would reflect the loss of intracellular ATP that might result in the decrease of the viability in vivo. The addition of ATP raised the intracellular ATP level, which protect the hemolysis during the release test.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.427-433
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• 2005

With the completely discovery of the Drosophila genome sequence, the next great challenge is to extract its biological information by systematic expression and to perform functional analysis of the gene. Here we reported a proteome analysis of D. melanogaster with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS). The cell extracts of D. melanogaster, $200{\mu}g$ were resolved to more than 400 silver-stained spots by 2-DE. The most abundant protein spots were ranged from 4.0-7.5 of pI and from 15-90 kDa of molecular weight. The excised spots were destained and in-gel digested by trypsin. The masses of the resulting peptide mixtures were measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. Identified proteins were compared with measured peptide mass and a dynamic peptide searching database which is accessible via the internet. The results revealed that identified proteins were produced by 59 genes derived from 65 protein spots.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.29 no.2 s.43
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• pp.37-65
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• 2003

Nowadays, we find out new anti-wrinkle-care-ingredients by in vitro searching methods using many kind of cell-culture-models for investigation of the effective anti-wrinkle-care-ingredients. But, theses new ingredients don't have effect on the human-model for anti-wrinkle, not likely on in vitro. In other words, there are so many differences between the effects on in vitro models and the clinical human models, practically. But, we actually have difficulty in putting all of the new anti-wrinkle-care-ingredients to the test on human models directly. To solve this problem, we have investigated that by using the artificial skin-culture-model or the animal model, In this lecture I will review the detail of assessment method far evaluation of anti-wrinkle agents in vitro and animal model and discuss the pros and cons of each method. Then I will present the results of Preclinical Screening trials, And especially animal model may be a good candidate for evaluation of anti-wrinkle agents.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is (1) to investigate the historic changes and pharmacological efficacies of Woohwangchungsim-won and (2) to discuss the necessities for Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications. Methods: This study was performed through (1) investigating the ancient literature records related with Woohwangchungsim-won and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's composition, dosage and indications, (2) searching articles about Woohwangchungsim-won on 10 major Korean web and 3 major foreign web article search engines and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacies and indications. Results: Woohwangchungsim-wom has been used for cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and palpitation. Also, there are some ancient literature records of Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. In addition, there have been a number of experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's neuroprotective effect on cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury. So, it is possible to infer that Woohwangchungsim-won can be used for the treatments of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with neuronal cell death in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. But there have been no or less experimental studies which demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-won on such disease. Conclusion: It is necessary that further experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacy on neuropsychiatric disorders should be done and Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications should be expanded on the basis of those related experimental results.