• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2017

Wounds are commonly created during almost every kind of surgery, trauma and skin diseases. Delayed wound healing affects a plenty of patients and requires prolonged treatments that seriously reduce the quality of life for patients. Skin damage involving large areas or great severity can lead to disability or even death. Wound healing involves a complicated series of actions, of various tissues and cell lineages, concerning inflammation, migration, proliferation, reepithelialization, and remodeling. Sopung-san is reported to have anti-inflammatory effect and has been used for various skin diseases such as allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. In this study, the hypothesis that oral treatment with Sopung-san could enhances healing potential on rat full thickness skin wounds was tested. Twenty young male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the studies. A full-thickness skin wound was made on the dorsal skin of the rats. Either Sopung-san water extract (SPS) or saline (Control) was orally administrated every day. The wound area was measured and the percentages of wound contraction, wound healed and wound epithelization were calculated. Wound tissue samples were excised following injection for histopathological and immunohistological examination. Wound area in rats of SPS group significantly was decreased compared to Control. SPS group showed significant promotion of wound healing compared to Cotrol group in the percentages of wound contraction, wound healed and wound epithelization. Histopathological examination revealed that SPS induces neo-vascularization potential in wound healing process. SPS treatment in rats significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in the neo-vascularization process by increasing VEGF and $TGF-{\beta}1$ synthesis. The results suggest that Sopung-san affects key cellular processes responsible for wound repair and point to a unique potential for this molecule in the therapy of skin wounds, particularly as an angiogenic agent.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1989

In order to investigate the in vivo effect of $^{60}Co$ radiation on rabbit liver, the uptake ratio and regional excretory value in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were estimated during acute and chronic hepatic injuries. The left lobe of liver was irradiated at 15 Gy or 30 Gy with a single dose and subsequent changes were analysed with a seial nuclear medicine imaging by using $^{99m}Tc-phytate,\;^{99m}Tc-DISIDA\;and\;^{99m}Tc-HSA$ and resulting data were computerized. The degree of hepatic damage, duration of the injury, and recovery pattern after the irradation were in agreement with the findings of other investigations. However, out values were more quantitative evacuation than those of other publications. Recovery of decreased uptake of $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ was delayed approximately $2{\sim}3$ days later than that of $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$. In acute radiation induced injury, the results demonstrated that the recovery of Kupffer cells was delayed more than that of hepatocytes. This discrepancy was considered due to the differences in repair activities between these cell types. The decreased of regional excretory value in irradiated area was found to be dose-dependent but had no corelation with regional uptakes of DISIDA and phytate. The decreased of regional excretory value observed in non-irradiated region suggested that irradiated liver might induce an indirect effect.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2012

Various nanomaterials may flow into the aquatic ecosystem via production, use, and treatment processes. Especially, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were categorized as manufactured nanomaterials presented by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (OECD WPMN) in 2010. AuNPs have been used in medical area, however, they were reported to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage, as well as down-regulation of the DNA repair gene in mice and human cell lines. In this study, the aquatic toxicity data of AuNPs and gold ions were collected, with the specific test methods analyzed with respect to the form and size of AuNPs, test species, exposure duration, and endpoints. Currently, aquatic toxicity data of AuNPs and gold ions have been presented in 14 studies including 4 fish, 6 crustacean, 2 green algae, and 2 macrophytes studies, as well as a further 8 studies including 4 fish, 4 crustacean, 1 platyhelminthes, and 1 green algae, respectively. The AuNPs were 0.8-100 nm in size, as gold nanoparticles, gold nanorod, glycodendrimer-coated gold nanoparticles, and amine-coated gold nanoparticles. The tested endpoints were the individual toxicities, such as mortality, malformation, reproduction inhibition, growth inhibition and genetic toxicity such as oxidative stress, gene expression, and reactive oxygen species formation. The accumulation of AuNPs was also confirmed in the various receptor organs. These results are expected to be useful in understanding the aquatic toxicity of AuNPs and gold ions, as well as being applicable to future toxicity studies on AuNPs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3623-3626
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• 2016

Breast cancer is very common and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally. Hereditary cases account for 5-10% of the total burden and CHEK2, which plays crucial role in response to DNA damage to promote cell cycle arrest and repair or induce apoptosis, is considered as a moderate penetrance breast cancer risk gene. Our objective in the current study was to analyze mutations in related to breast cancer. A total of 271 individuals including breast cancer patients and normal subjects were enrolled and all 14 exons of CHEK2 were amplified and sequenced. The majority of the patients (>95%) were affected with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 52.1% were diagnosed with grade III tumors and 56.2% and 27.5% with advanced stages III and IV. Two novel nonsense variants i.e. c.58C>T (P.Q20X) and c.256G>T (p.E85X) at exon 1 and 2 in two breast cancer patients were identified, both novel and not reported elsewhere.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2021

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes DNA base modifications. One of these changes leads to the generation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) due to oxidative stress. In human skin, this modification may induce sunburn, inflammation, and aging and may ultimately result in cancer. We investigated whether phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), by enhancing the expression and activity of 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1), had an effect on the capacity of UVB-exposed human HaCaT keratinocytes to repair oxidative DNA damage. Here, the effects of phloroglucinol were investigated using a luciferase activity assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions, western blot analysis, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Phloroglucinol restored Ogg1 activity and decreased the formation of 8-oxoG in UVB-exposed cells. Moreover, phloroglucinol increased Ogg1 transcription and protein expression, counteracting the UVB-induced reduction in Ogg1 levels. Phloroglucinol also enhanced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as Nrf2 binding to an antioxidant response element located in the Ogg1 gene promoter. UVB exposure inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), two major enzymes involved in cell protection against oxidative stress, regulating the activity of Nrf2. Akt and Erk phosphorylation was restored by phloroglucinol in the UVB-exposed keratinocytes. These results indicated that phloroglucinol attenuated UVB-induced 8-oxoG formation in keratinocytes via an Akt/Erk-dependent, Nrf2/Ogg1-mediated signaling pathway.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2009

ER stress에 관련된 유전자의 기능변화와 전사조절인자 분석하기 위해 ER stress를 유도한 간세포에서 expression microarray로 유전자 발현을 확보한 후 GSECA로 분석하였다. ER stress가 유도되면, ER에 주어지는 과도한 부하를 감소시키는 기능들이 증가하는 반면, ER stress가 더 증가함에 따라 ATP 생성이나 DNA repair, 더 나아가 세포분열의 기능이 감소하는 등 세포가 damage을 받음을 알 수 있었다. ER stress에 관련된 전사조절인자로는 FOX04, AP-1, FOX03, HNF4, IRF-1, GATA 등의 전사조절인자들이 ER stress에 의해 발현이 증가하는 유전자들의 promoter에 공통적으로 존재하였으며, E2F, Nrf-1, Elk-1, YY1, CREB, MTF-1, STAT-1, ATF 등의 전사인자들이 발현이 감소하는 유전자들의 promoter에서 공통적으로 존재하여, 이들의 전사인자들이 ER stress에 의한 유전자의 발현조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 전사조절인자임을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.331-335
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• 1999

광주기가 방사선에 의해 유발된 자주달개비 체세포돌연변이에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 포트에서 생육된 Tradescantia 4430 식물체에 코발트 선원으로부터 0.3, 0.5및 1.0Gy의 감마선을 조사하였으며 수술털 세포에 나타나는 분홍돌연변이를 분석하였다. 감마선 0.5 Gy를 기준선량으로 평가하였을 때 대조 실험군(CT)은 방사선 조사 후 6일 경과시부터 돌연변이율이 증가하기 시작하여 조사 후 10일째에 최고값에 도달하였다. 명기가 20시간인 실험군(PP20)에서는 방사선 조사 후 6일 경과시부터 돌연변이율이 증가하기 시작하여 조사 후 9일째에 최고값에 이르렀다. 반면에 명기가 4시간으로 제한된 실험군(PP4)에 있어서는 조사 후 10일째부터 돌연변이율이 급격히 증가하기 시작하여 16일 경과시 최고값에 도달하였다. CT실험군에 있어서 감마선 조사에 의하여 유발되는 분홍돌연변이 빈도의 증가계수 5.99($r^2$=0.99)에 비해 PP20과 PP4 실험군에 있어서의 각각의 돌연변이 빈도 증가계수는 6.93 ($r^2$=0.98)과 11.74($r^2$=0.99)로 PP20 실험군에 있어서는 15.7%, PP4 실험군은 95.9%의 증가 효과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 비정상적인 광주기는 자주달개비 수술털에 대한 이온화 방사선의 분홍돌연변이 유발효과를 증가시키는 동시에 방사선에 의한 세포 유전자 손상의 회복을 상당기간 지연시키는 원인이 된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1089-1092
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• 2016

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring and leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally. Hereditary cases account 5-10% of all the cases and CHEK2 is considered as a moderate penetrance breast cancer risk gene. CHEK2 plays a crucial role in response to DNA damage to promote cell cycle arrest and repair DNA damage or induce apoptosis. Our objective in the current study was to analyze mutations in the CHEK2 gene related to breast cancer in Balochistan. A total of 271 individuals including breast cancer patients and normal subjects were enrolled. All 14 exons of CHEK2 were amplified and sequenced. The majority of the patients (>95%) had invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), 52.1% were diagnosed with tumor grade III and 56.1% and 27.5% were diagnosed with advance stages III and IV. Two novel nonsense variants i.e. c.58C>T (P.Q20X) and c.256G>T (p.E85X) at exon 1 and 2 in two breast cancer patients were identified in the current study. Both the variants identified were novel and have not been reported elsewhere.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2015

Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates that provides protection from pathogenic infection, physical damage, or UV irradiation, and controls body temperature and water content. In this study, we examined the effects of oral intake of kimchi-derived Lactobacillus plantarum K8 lysates on skin moisturizing. In an in vitro study, we observed that the hyaluronic acid content increased in HaCaT cells treated with L. plantarum K8 lysates. Oral administration of L. plantarum K8 lysates effectively attenuated the horny layer formation and decreased epidermal thickening in DNCB-treated SKH-1 hairless mice skin. The damage to barrier function was reduced after 8 weeks of oral administration of L. plantarum K8 lysates as compared with that in the atopic dermatitis mice. For the test with volunteers, we manufactured experimental candy containing 2.1% L. plantarum K8 lysates, while control candy did not contain bacterial lysate. A significant increase in hydration in the experimental candy-administered group as compared with the control candy-administered group was observed on the face after 4 and 8 weeks, and on the forearm after 4 weeks. Decreases in horny layer thickness and TEWL value were observed on the face and forearm of the experimental group. Together, the in vitro cell line and in vivo mouse studies revealed that L. plantarum K8 lysates have a moisturizing effect. A clinical research study with healthy volunteers also showed an improvement in barrier repair and function when volunteers took L. plantarum K8 lysates-containing candy. Thus, our results suggest that L. plantarum K8 lysates may help to improve skin barrier function.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

세포에 미치는 염화수은(II)과 이온화 방사선의 영향과 수은 처리 전 후 방사선 조사 시 그 상호 작용에 관해 알아보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 염화수은(II)의 독성정도를 알아보기 위하여 사람의 자궁암 세포에 농도별로 염화수은(II)을 처리하였다. 세포의 생존율은 3가지 농도(1,0. 1,0. $0.01\;{\mu}M$)모두에서 유의하게 감소하였으며 이미 $0.1\;{\mu}M$에서 약 73%의 생존율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 염화수은(II)과 방사선의 단독처리 시 DNA의 손상 정도에 비해 복합처리 시의 DNA손상 정도가 $2\sim4$배 정도 확연히 높아짐을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 방사선 후 수은 처리군은 DNA손상의 정도가 다른 처리군에 비하여 높게 나타났는데 이는 이미 기존의 보문에서 밝혀진 바와 같이 수은의 DNA수복에 관련되어 있는 Fpg protein에 미치는 영향 때문으로 사료된다. 이미 방사선에 의해 산화적 손상을 입은 DNA의 수복 기작을 수은이 방해하여 좀 더 높은 손상을 가져오는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.