• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2019

CD4 T cells differentiate into $ROR{\gamma}t/IL$-17A-expressing cells in the small intestine following colonization by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). However, it remains unclear whether SFB-specific CD4 T cells can differentiate directly from naïve precursors, and whether their effector differentiation is solely directed towards the Th17 lineage. In this study, we used adoptive T cell transfer experiments and showed that naïve CD4 T cells can migrate to the small intestinal lamina propria (sLP) and differentiate into effector T cells that synthesize IL-17A in response to SFB colonization. Using single cell RT-PCR analysis, we showed that the progenies of SFB responding T cells are not uniform but composed of transcriptionally divergent populations including Th1, Th17 and follicular helper T cells. We further confirmed this finding using in vitro culture of SFB specific intestinal CD4 T cells in the presence of cognate antigens, which also generated heterogeneous population with similar features. Collectively, these findings indicate that a single species of intestinal bacteria can generate a divergent population of antigen-specific effector CD4 T cells, rather than it provides a cytokine milieu for the development of a particular effector T cell subset.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.373-380
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• 2001

Marek's disease virus (MDV) can cause skin lesions including inflammatory to tumorous. The phenotypical changes of lymphocytes infiltrating in the skin lesions induced by MDV were not clear. Therefore, the skin biopsies taken at weekly intervals for 8 weeks from the same specific-pathogen free chickens inoculated with Md/5 MDV were examined to analysis the phenotypical changes of lymphocytes. Histologically skin lesions progressed from initial inflammatory to late tumorous. Sequentially CD4+ T lymphocytes increased gradually in number from initial skin lesions and were major composition cells in the tumor lesions. Regardless of inflammatory or tumor lesions, CD8+ T cells and ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells infiltrated particularly in the dermis and subcutaneous on which MDV was actively replicated in the feather follicle epithelium(FFE). In addition, IgG bearing B lymphocytes in considerable number infiltrated in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. From these results, the development of MDV-induced skin lesions was inflammatory following tumorous. In addition, each CD8+, ${\gamma}{\delta}$ and CD4+ T cells and B cell might act to protect MDV replication in the FFE or tumor cells which turned on lytic cycle.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.191-193
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• 2000

A whole-cell biocatalyst was constructed by immobilizing an enzyme on the surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene encoding Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase) was fused with the AGA2 gene encoding a small peptide disulfide-linked to the aga1, a cell wall protein of a-agglutinin. The plasmid was introduced S. cerevisiae and expressed in the medium consisting of 10g/L yeast extract, 20g/L peptone, and 20g/L galactose. The activity was detected with the formation of cyclodextrin(CD) from 10g/L soluble starch. Surface display of CGTase was also verified with the halo-test, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. The recombinant S. cerevisiae produced ${\alpha}-cyclodextrin$ more efficiently than the free CGTase by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization as yeast consumes glucose and maltose which are inhibitors for CD synthesis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 1990

[ $^{111}$ ]In has wide applications in nuclear medicine for labelling and in-vivo distribution studies. A method is developed for the production of carrier free $^{111}$In using the reaction $^{nat.}Cd(p,\;xn)$ $^{111}$In with MC-50 cyclotron. Carrier free $^{111}$In was separated from the irradiated metallic cadmium by liquid-liquid extraction and cation exchange chromatography. The yield of $^{111}$In at EOB is $0.8mCi/{mu}\;Ahr$ and the nuclidic purity is over 99%. $^{111}In-DTPA\;and\;^{111}In-bleomycin$ were prepared for medical study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2219-2224
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• 2012

Background: Circulating lymphocyte subsets reflect the immunological status and might therefore be a prognostic indicator in cancer patients. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating lymphocyte subset in gastric cancer (GC) cases. Methods: A retrospective study on a prevalent cohort of 846 GC patients hospitalized at Hospital from Aug 2006 to Jul 2010 was conducted. We calculated the patient's disease free survival (DFS) after first hospital admission, and hazard ratios (HR) from the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Our findings indicated a significantly decreased percentage of CD3+, and CD8+ cells, a significantly increased proportion of $CD4^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD44^+$, $CD25^+$, NK cells, and an increased $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio in GC patients as compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.05). Alteration of lymphocyte subsets was positively correlated with sex, age, smoking, tumor stage and distant metastasis of GC patients (all P<0.05). Follow-up analysis indicated significantly higher DFS for patients with high circulating $CD19^+$ lymphocytes compared to those with low $CD19^+$ lymphocytes (P=0.037), with $CD19^+$ showing an important cutoff of $7.91{\pm}2.98%$ Conclusion: Circulating lymphocyte subsets in GC patients are significantly changed, and elevated CD19+ cells may predict a favorable survival.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.38.1-38.12
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• 2023

Background: Poor disease management and irregular vector control could predispose sheltered animals to disease such as feline Bartonella infection, a vector-borne zoonotic disease primarily caused by Bartonella henselae. Objectives: This study investigated the status of Bartonella infection in cats from eight (n = 8) shelters by molecular and serological approaches, profiling the CD4:CD8 ratio and the risk factors associated with Bartonella infection in shelter cats. Methods: Bartonella deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer gene, followed by DNA sequencing. Bartonella IgM and IgG antibody titre, CD4 and CD8 profiles were detected using indirect immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Results: B. henselae was detected through PCR and sequencing in 1.0% (1/101) oral swab and 2.0% (1/50) cat fleas, while another 3/50 cat fleas carried B. clarridgeiae. Only 18/101 cats were seronegative against B. henselae, whereas 30.7% (31/101) cats were positive for both IgM and IgG, 8% (18/101) cats had IgM, and 33.7% (34/101) cats had IgG antibody only. None of the eight shelters sampled had Bartonella antibody-free cats. Although abnormal CD4:CD8 ratio was observed in 48/83 seropositive cats, flea infestation was the only significant risk factor observed in this study. Conclusions: The present study provides the first comparison on the Bartonella spp. antigen, antibody status and CD4:CD8 ratio among shelter cats. The high B. henselae seropositivity among shelter cats presumably due to significant flea infestation triggers an alarm of whether the infection could go undetectable and its potential transmission to humans.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1982

1) Experiments were undertaken to elucidate the mechanism which elevates the systemic arterial blood pressure by cadmium (Cd). 2) The mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance of central ear artery in Cd-poisoned rabbit were significantly increased in comparison with those in control. 3) The vascular pressure response to electrical stimulation in Cd-poisoned group was less than that in control. However, in the former group it showed the supersensitivity to norepinephrine. 4) The response to electrical stimulation was diminished by sodium arachidonate in the ear artery, on the contrary, it was rather enhanced in the vessel of Cd-poisoned group. The responses in both groups were reduced by pretreatment with either $PGE_2\;or\;PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. 5) The response to electrical stimulation was not affected in control, but enhanced in Cd-poisoned group by pretreatment with indomethacin. 6) When the ear artery of control group was perfused with physiological salt solution (PSS) the response to electrical stimulation was not changed by indomethacin, it was much enhanced without affecting on the response to norepinephrine when $K^+-free\;PSS$, was used. These results demonstrate the evidence that the alteration of regulatory mechanism on the vessels was causally related to the elevation of arterial pressure and the increase in peripheral resistance in Cd-poisoned rabbits.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

The removal of Cd(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by an agricultural solid waste biomass prepared from Moringa oleifera bark (MOB) was investigated. The biosorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the effect of initial pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on the biosorption of Cd(II) and Cu(II) were studied using the batch sorption technique. Kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption process of the metal ions followed the pseudo-second order model. The biosorption data was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models. Based on the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum biosorption capacities for Cd(II) and Cu(II) onto MOB were 39.41 and 36.59 mg/g at 323 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energy (${\Delta}G^o$), enthalpy (${\Delta}H^o$), and entropy (${\Delta}S^o$) changes, were also calculated, and the values indicated that the biosorption process was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in the temperature range of 303-323 K. It was concluded that MOB powder can be used as an effective, low cost, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1974

The exciton emission spectra of CdS single crystals excited by electrons were measured at 80$^{\circ}$K as a function o: the wave length. The measured dissociation energy of exciton bound to neutral donor was 2.0 meV, compared to the corresponding theoretical value of 2.4 to 3.2 meV. An exciton bound to neutral donor and a longitudinal optical (LO) phonon may not interact, but a free exciton dissociated from a neutral donor and a LO phonon is expected to interact each other. Therefore the origin of the spectra consisting of interaction term was located at the spectrum consisting of a free exciton dissociated from a neutral donor (I$_2$d). From the analysis of the spectra the LO phonon energy of CdS was found to be 40.5 meV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.253-257
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• 2006

본 연구는 $\beta$-CD을 이용한 체다. 치즈의 숙성의 촉진을 위한 최적조건을 확립하기 위하여 가염의 양, 가온온도, 가온시간을 변화요인으로 연구하였다. 가염의 농도는 증가할수록 쓴맛이 낮아지는 경향을 확인하였고 hardness는 단단해지는 경향을 확인하였다. Curd의 가온시 온도가 높을수록 hardness가 가장 긍정적인 경향을 나타냈다. 가온시간은 길어질수록 short-chain free fatty acids의 양이 가장 적게 나타났다. 따라서 가염을 3%까지 증가시키고 Curd의 가온온도를 $42^{\circ}C$까지 높이면서 가온시간을 60분 까지 증가시킨다면 $\beta$-CD을 첨가한 체다. 치즈의 부스러지는 조직과 강한 쓴맛을 약화시키는 효과를 가져오면서 숙성을 촉진시킬 수 있다고 사료된다.