• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.51-69
• /
• 2000

This dissertation was to research how some metal level within SipJeonDaeBo - Decoction, one of oriental prescriptions, influence Sprague-Dawley animals. 1. Under the experiment with drinking waters there was no metal ${\sim}0.65\;mg/L$ detected. A metal with feed found 0.001-376.983mg/kg. 2. In the mice's kidney, brain, bones used experiment, As searched 0.474 mg/kg, 0.486 mg/kg, 0.314 mg/kg 0.834 mg/kg respectively ; Cd 0.060 mg/kg, 0.045 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.353 mg/kg, ; Co 0.105 mg/kg, 0.063 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.399 mg/kg, ; Cr 0.292 mg/kg, 0.304 mg/kg, 0.234 mg/kg, 0.962 mg/kg, ; Cu 4.201 mg/kg, 3.759 mg/kg, 1.923 mg/kg, 0.484 mg/kg, ; Fe 57.535 mg/kg, 150.571 mg/kg, 17.178 mg/kg, 281.506 mg/kg, ; no Hg, Mn 0.612 mg/kg, 2.968 mg/kg, 0.528 mg/kg, 4.205 mg/kg, ; Ni 0.094 mg/kg, 0.072 mg/kg, 0.078 mg/kg, 27.714 mg/kg, ; Pb 0.269 mg/kg, 0.293 mg/kg, 0.283 mg/kg, 43.142 mg/kg ; Zn 4.149 mg/kg, 21.861 mg/kg, 8.088 mg/kg, 226.283 mg/kg respectively. 3. In level of hazardous metal within idney control group searched 0.194 {\pm}\; 0.052 mg/kg, experimental I g개up $0.189{\pm}0.036\;mg/kg$, experimental I group $0.264 {\pm}{\pm}\;0.179\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous metal control group searched $15.917{\pm}5.575\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $17.064{\pm}2.246\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $16.892{\pm}3.586\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level of metal control g.cup detected $6.484{\pm}2.258\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $6.940{\pm}0.914\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $6.915{\pm} 1.508\;mg/kg$ There all was no statistical significance. 4. In level of hazardous metal within the liver control group searched $0.187{\pm}0.048\;mg/kg$, experiment I g개up $0.168[\pm}0.079\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $0.277{\pm}0.159\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $44.925{\pm}18.468\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $39.917{\pm}12.772\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $49.525{\pm}33.484\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $18.082{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $16.068{\pm}5.128\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $19.977{\pm}13.443\;mg/kg$. There was no statistical significance but hazardous metal gets more level in the experilnent group than in the control group. 5. In level of hazardous metal within brain control group searched $0.145{\pm}0.056\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $$0.167{\pm}0.030\;mg/kg, erperiment II group $0.172{\pm}0.123\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $6.488{\pm}0.965\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $7.290{\pm}0.588\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $7.010{\pm}1.627\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $2.683{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $3.017{\pm}0.238\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $2.908 {\pm} 0.711\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 6. In level of hazardous metal within bone control group searched $8.172{\pm}5.195 \;mg/kg$, experiment I group $9.128{\pm}4.143\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $9.401{\pm}6.924\;mg/kg$. There is statistical significance(p<0.05). In level of non hazardous metal control group detected $94.065{\pm}36.035\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $147.563 {\pm}79.939\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $142.730{\pm}77.374\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level control group searched $48.530{\pm}16.523\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $64.502{\pm}31.078\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $62.733 {\pm}34.641\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 7 In the correlative research as to how each metal influences to ingestion Cd and Co searched 0.954 and Pb and Ni -0.0884 from kidney. Co and Cd was 0.995 and Zn and As -0.190 from liver. Co and Cd were 0.995 and Zn and Cu -0.393 from brain. Co and Cd were 0.998 and Zn and Mn -0.206 from bones

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.56-72
• /
• 1999

Airborne concentrations of welding fumes in which 13 different metals such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Ti, and Zn were analyzed were measured at 18 factories including automobile assembly and manufactures, steel heavy industries and shipyards. Air samples were collected by personal sampler at each worker's worksite(n=339). Blood levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were also measured from samples taken from 447 welders by atomic absorption spectrometry and compared with control values obtained from 127 non-exposed workers. The results were as follows ; 1. Among various welding types, $CO_2$ welding 70.2 % were widely used, shielded metal arc welding(SMAW) 22.1 % came next, and rest of them were metal inert gas(MIG) welding, submerged arc welding(SAW), spot welding(SPOT) and tungsten inert gas(TIG) welding. 2. Welding fume concentration was $0.92mg/m^3$($0.02{\sim}15.33mg/m^3$) at automobile assembly and manufactures, $4.10mg/m^3$($0.02{\sim}70.75mg/m^3$) at steel heavy industries and $5.59mg/m^3$($0.30{\sim}91.16mg/m^3$) at shipyards, respectively, showing significant difference among industry types. Workers exposed to high concentration of welding fumes above Korean Permissible Exposure Limit(KPEL) amounted to 7.9 % and 12.5 %, in $CO_2$ welding and in SMAW at automobile assembly and manufactures and 62.7 % in $CO_2$ welding, and 12.5 % in SMAW at shipyards, and 66.2 % in $CO_2$ welding and 70.6 % in SMAW at steel heavy industries. 3. Geometric mean of airborne concentration of each metal released from welding fumes was below one 10th of KPEL in all welding types. Percentage of workers, however, exposed to airborne concentration of metals above KPEL amounted to 16.8 % in Mn and 7.6 % in Fe in $CO_2$ welding; 37.5 % in Cu in SAW, 30 % in Cu in TIG; and 25 % in Pb in SPOT welding. As a whole, 76 Workers(22.4%) were exposed to high concentration of any of the metals above KPEL. 4. There were differences in airborne concentration of metals such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu. Fe. Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Ti and Zn by industry types. These concentrations were higher in shipyards and steel heavy industries than in automobile assembly and manufactures. Workers exposed to higher concentration of Pb above KPEI amounted to 7.4 % of workers(7/94) in automobile assembly and manufactures. In shipyards, 19.2 % of workers(19/99) were over-exposed to Mn and 7.1 % (7/99) to Fe above KPEL. In steel heavy industries, 14.4 %(21/146), 7.5 %(11/146) and 13 %(19/146) were over-exposed to Mn, Fe and Cu, respectively. As a whole, 76 out of 339 workers(22.4%) were exposed to any of the metals above KPEL. 5. Blood levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in welders were $0.11{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$, $0.84{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $424.4{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $1.26{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$, $5.01{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$ and $5.68{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, in contrast to $0.09{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$, $0.70{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $477.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $0.73{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$, $3.14{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$ and $6.15{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in non-exposed control groups, showing significantly higher values in welders but Fe and Zn.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2011

Bacillus species have been involved in metal association as biosorbents, but there is not a clear understanding of this chelating property. In order to evaluate this metal chelating capacity, cultures and spores from Grampositive bacteria of species either able or unable to produce surface layer proteins (S-layers) were analyzed for their capacity of copper biosorption. Only those endowed of S-layers, like Bacillus sphaericus and B. thuringiensis, showed a significant biosorption capacity. This capacity (nearly 50%) was retained after heating of cultures, thus supporting that structural elements of the envelopes are responsible for such activity. Purified S-layers from two Bacillus sphaericus strains had the ability to biosorb copper. Copper biosorption parameters were determined for strain B. sphaericus 2362, and after analyses by means of the Langmuir model, the affinity and capacity were shown to be comparable to other bacterial biosorbents. A competitive effect of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$, but not of $Cd^{2+}$, was also observed, thus indicating that other cations may be biosorbed by this protein. Spores that have been shown to be proficient for copper biosorption were further analyzed for the presence of S-layer content. The retention of S-layers by these spores was clearly observed, and after extensive treatment to eliminate the S-layers, the biosorption capacity of these spores was significantly reduced. For the first time, a direct correlation between S-layer protein content and metal biosorption capacity is shown. This capacity is linked to the retention of S-layer proteins attached to Bacillus spores and cells.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.123-140
• /
• 2013

The Dangdu Pb-Zn deposit is located at approximately 10 km south of Jecheon, Korea. Geology of Dangdu deposit area consists of Pre-cambrian metamorphic rocks, Ordovician sedimentary rocks, Jurassic and Cretaceous igneous rocks. The ore deposit is developed along the fracture trending $N20{\sim}40^{\circ}W$ in Ordovician limestone and is considered to be a skarn type ore deposit. The shape of ore bodies developed in the Dangdu ore deposit can be divided into lens-form(two ore bodies of -30 m level adit and one ore body of -63 m level adit) and pocket-form developed in -30 m level adit. Ore minerals observed in the ore deposits are magnetite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, cosalite, marcasite, hessite, native Bi and bismuthinite. Chemical composition of sphalerite ranges FeS 14.14~18.08 mole%, CdS 0.44~0.70 mole%, MnS 0.52~1.13, 1.53~2.09 mole%. Galena contains a small amount of silver with an average of 0.54 wt.%. An average composition of cosalite is Ag 2.43 wt.%, Bi 44.36 wt.%, Pb 35.05 wt.% which results the chemical formula of cosalite as $Pb_{1.7}Bi_{2.1}Ag_{0.2}S_5$. Skarn minerals consist of epidote, garnet, pyroxene, tremolite, quartz and calcite. The zoning pattern of the ore deposit can be subdivided into epidote-clinopyroxene zone, epidote-clinopyroxene-chlorite zone and epidote-garnet-clinopyroxene zone from the central part of the ore body towards the wall rocks. The chemical composition of garnet shows an increasing trend of grossular from epidote-clinopyroxene zone to epidote-garnet-clinopyroxene zone. Clinopyroxene occurs as a solid solution of diopside and hedenbergite, and the ratio of johannsenite increases from epidote-clinopyroxene zone to epidote-clinopyroxene-chlorite and epidote-garnet-clinopyroxene zones. The mineralization of the ore deposit is considered to be one stage event which can be separated into early skarn mineralization stage, middle ore mineralization stage and late low temperature mineralization stage. The temperature estimation from the low temperature mineralization range from $125{\sim}300^{\circ}C$ which is considered to be representing the temperature of late mineralization.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.436-437
• /
• 2008

Flexible CIGS thin film solar cell was fabricated using STS430 plate as a flexible substrate in this work. A diffusion barrier layer of $SiO_2$ thin film was deposited on STS430 substrate by PECVD followed by deposition of double layered Mo back contact. After depositing CIGS absorber layer by co-evaporation, CdS buffer layer by chemical bath deposition, ZnO window layer by RF sputtering and Al electrode by thermal evaporation, the solar cell fabrication processes were completed and its performance was evaluated. Corresponding solar cell showed an conversion efficiency of 8.35 % with $V_{OC}$ of 0.52 V, $J_{SC}$ of 26.06 mA/$cm^2$ and FF of 0.61.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.481-494
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between concentrations of heavy metals in sediment and the depths of 27 sampling sites along the West Nakdong river in downstream of Nakdong River. The deepest site was Kangdong bridge nearby 20ft. From here, the depth was shallowed to Chidong gradually. In each site the smaller mesh was, the liger concentration of heavy metal becomed. Concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu at inflow point of Shinoe stream was 576.016 ppm, 262.307 ppm, 68.674 ppm and 61.634 ppm, respectively, the concentration was the higest at this point. From here, it was lowered gradually. The concentration of heavy metal at inflow point of Joman river was 155.328 ppm, 56.485 ppm, 25.200 ppm and 31.172 ppm, respectively, those concentrations were liger than other points with the exception of Shinoe stream. Therefore, woman river and Shinoe stream were the major source of pollution in West Nakdong river. Among two sources Shinoe stream was more important source of pollution. West Nakdong river has become lake by Noksan floodgate because it's pollution has had influence on Bonglim.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate chemical characteristic of livestock compost in association with livestock manure types (poultry, cattle, swine, and mixed manure). The livestock compost was collected from local nonghyup branches on a si-gun level. Chemical composition (nutrients, heavy metals etc.) of the samples was analyzed and Pearson's correlation analysis was performed. Quality of most compost samples met the standard of fertilizer specifications. Poultry compost contains greater nutrients especially $P_2O$ (p-value<0.01) and $NH_4$-N (p-value<0.05). Meanwhile swine compost has higher concentration in water content (p-value<0.05) and heavy metals (p-value<0.01 for Cd, Cu and Zn). Overall, poultry compost was correlated positively with nutrients while swine compost has positive correlation with water content and heavy metals. We expect that the study results can provide base data for determining compost types and amount for crop production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 1998

Light-emitting diode(LEDs), diode arrays, and phosphor display panels are finding increased use in a variety of commercial applications. Present and anticipated application of these devices include solid state indicator(e.g., digital clocks, meter readout) and display systems(e.g., instrument panels, TV display), the application being determined by the light -output capability and size availability(cost) of the particular device. In this work, Phosphor based on ZnS:Cu are used. Relation by luminance with the thickness of insulating layer and phosphor layer are discussed. Increased thickness of insulating layer are stable on voltage to 300V. By considering thickness and voltage, optimal structure and thickness are investigated. Also in order to maximize even surface emission, various sieving process are introduced. Very similar phosphor particle size is selected. Luminance by various wave intensity is also investigated. 150cd/m$^2$ luminance are investigated in stable voltage and frequency.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.995-1002
• /
• 2009

Luminescent polynorbornene (PNB)/quantum dot (CdSe@ZnS; QD) composite nanorods and nanotubes were successfully prepared using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes of various pore sizes as templates. To protect QDs with high quantum yield from quenching during the phosphoric acid treatment used to remove the AAO templates, chemically stable and optically clear norbornene-maleic anhydride copolymers (P(NB-r-MA)) were employed as a capping agent for QDs. The amine-terminated QDs reacted with maleic anhydride moieties in P(NB-r-MA) to form PNB-grafted QDs. The chemical- and photo-stability of QDs encapsulated with PNB copolymers were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. By varying the pore size of the AAO templates from 40 to 380 urn, PNB/QD composite nanorods or nanotubes were obtained with a good dispersion of QDs in the PNB matrix.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 1990

This study was performed to analyze for the mineral water (Saeng Su) from 12 pure beverage Co. products, which was obtained during March to May in 1988. The results were as follows: 1. The analytical results of contaminant materials in all the samples were suitable for drinking water standard. The mean value of NH$_{3}$-N, NO$_{3}$-N, Cl-and KMnO$_{4}$ consumption were ND, 49mg/l, 1.08mg/l and 8.14mg/l, respectively. 2. Total bacterial counts were 3/cc in average and Coliforms was negative in all samples. 3. The analytical results of Heavy metals were not detected or detected in a small amount, and the contents were different from each company. The CN, Hg, P were not detected in all the samples and the mean value of Cu, Fe, Mn were 0.0087mg/l, 0.0303mg/l, 0.018mg/l, respectively and it's contents were low. 4. The mean value of Pb, Zn, Cr$^{+6}$, As and Cd were 0.016mg/l, 0.015mg/l, 0.0025mg/l. 0.0059mg/l and 0.0011mg/l respectively.