• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 1992

Two crystal structures of bromine sorption complexes of vacuum dehydrated Cd(ll)-exchanged zeolite A have been determined by single-crystal xray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Pm3m at 21(1) ℃. Both crystals were ion exchanged in flowing streams of exchange solution In which mole ratio of Cd(NO3)2 and Cd(OOCCH3)B was 1:1 with a total concentration of 0.05 M. First crystal was dehydrated at 450℃ and 2 ×10-6 Torr for two days. Second crystal was dehydrated at 650℃ and 2 ×10-6 Torr for two days. Both crystals were then treated with 160 Torr for two days. Second crystal was dehydrated at 650℃ and 2 × 10-6 Torr for two days. Both crystals were then treated with 160 Torr of zeolitically dried bromine vapor at 24℃. Full-matrix least-squares refinements of toe first crystal(a: 12.250(1) A )· and the second crystal(a: 12.204(2) A ) have contecoed to final error indices, Rl:0.075 and Ra:0.079 with 212 reflections, and Rl : 0.089 and Ra = 0.078 with 128 reflections, respectively, for which I >3σ(I). Crystallographic analyses of both crystals show that six Cd2+ ions are located on two different threefold axes of unit cell associated with 6-ring oxygens. Each 4.5 Cd2+ ion is recessed ca.0. 441 A Into the large cavity to complex either with Brsor with Br3from the (111) plane of 0(3), whereas each 1.5 Cd2+ ions recessed ca. 0.678 A into we sodalite unit. Approximately 1.5 Br5-and 1.5 Br3-ions are sorbed per unit cell. Each Brsion interacts and stabilized by complexing with two Cd2+ ions and framework oxide ions, while each Br3ion interacts with one Cd2+ ion and framework oxide ions. Because of residual water molecules the following reactions may be occurred inside of zeolite cavity:

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the metallothionein of acute cadmium poisoning mice as a Cadmium index. Forty male ICR mice were injected with cadmium chloride solution from 1/8LD$\sub$50/ to 1/2 LD$\sub$50/ dose. At 24 hours after exposed Cd, I examined Cd and metallothionein (MT) in tissues (liver and kidney) and fluids (whole blood and urine) and also measured low molecular proteins, N-acety1-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and ${\beta}$$\sub$2/- microglobuline (${\beta}$$\sub$2 /-MG) in urine. The concentration of Cd and MT of liver, kidney whole blood and urine were increased with dose dependent manner. Urinary Cd and urinary MT had very good significance (p＜0.01) and urinary MT had good significance with kidney Cd and NAG but not ${\beta}$$\sub$2/-MG. Conclusionally MT in urine was very correlated with kidney Cd and urine Cd. So MT maybe useful as a Cd poisoning index.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.352-357
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• 2001

Cadmium (Cd) has been identified as a potential contaminant in agricultural and environmental soils. Ionic condition in the soils is an important factor to influence Cd availability. In this study, the effect of sulfate or nitrate application on Cd sorption in acidic and calcareous soils was investigated. The Cd, sulfate $(SO_4)$, and nitrate $(NO_3)$ sources were solutions of $CdCl_2$, $K_2SO_4$, and $KNO_3$, respectively. The soil-solution system pH was affected by the application of sulfate or nitrate in both acidic and calcareous soil system, but there was not clear pH difference between pre- and simultaneous applications of sulfate or nitrate (PAS/PAN or SAS/SAN). Solution ionic strength (I) values were similar between the acid and calcareous soil systems after applying the Cd even though it was significantly different in the untreated control soils. However after applying the sulfate or nitrate, the I values increased and were always higher with SAS/SAN treatments. Solution Cd concentration also increased with the application of sulfate or nitrate. However, the Cd concentration in soil solution controlled by Cd sorption in the systems was different between PAS/PAN and SAS/SAN treatments only in the calcareous soil system, but not in the acidic soil system. The difference in Cd concentration between SAS/SAN and PAS/PAN in the calcareous systems may be caused by system pH, ionic strength, complexation, and predominately, competition of the $Cd^{2-}$ with the index $K^+$ ion. Potassium ion-Cd competition in the acidic soil system may be minimized because of the abundance of hydrogen ions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3199-3205
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• 2013

The inclusion behavior of sulfobutylether-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (SBE-${\beta}$-CD) with perphenazine (PPH) was first studied by flow injection (FI)-chemiluminescence (CL) analysis with proposed $lg[(I_0-I_s)/I_s]=lgK_{P-CD}+nlg[C_{PPH}]$ model and molecular docking. Results showed that a 1:1 complex of SBE-${\beta}$-CD/PPH could online form, with the formation constant $K_{P-CD}$ of $2.57{\times}10^7Lmol^{-1}$ at 298 K. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the inclusion behavior of SBE-${\beta}$-CD/PPH was a spontaneous process by hydrophobic interaction. The molecular docking results revealed PPH entered into the larger cavity of SBE-${\beta}$-CD with two hydrogen bonds. Based on the linear relationship of the decrement of luminol/SBE-${\beta}$-CD/PPH CL intensity against the logarithm of PPH concentration ranging from 0.03 to 30.0 ng $mL^{-1}$, the present FI-CL analysis using luminol/SBE-${\beta}$-CD/PPH system was successfully applied to PPH determination in biological fluids and tablets with recoveries from 94.5 to 105.6% and RSDs less than 2.6% (n = 5).

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2007

The electronic properties of quantum dots can be tuned by changing the size of particles without any change in their chemical composition. CdSe quantum dots, the sizes of which were controlled by changing the concentrations of Cd and Se precursors, were adsorbed on $TiO_2$ photoelectrodes and used as sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. For applications of CdSe quantum dot as sensitizers, $CdSe/TiO_2$ films on conducting glass were employed in a sandwich-type cell that incorporated a platinum-coated conductive glass and an electrolyte consisting of an $I^-/I_3^-$ redox. The fill factor (FF) and efficiency for energy conversion ($\c{c}$) of the photovoltaic cell was 62 % and 0.32 %, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to know the immunity response of Haedongpibokhap-bang($H{\check{a}}it{\acute{o}}ngp{\acute{i}}f{\grave{u}}h{\acute{e}}-f{\bar{a}}ng$) to rheumatoid arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice. Methods : For this purpose, Haedongpibokhap-bang($H{\check{a}}it{\acute{o}}ngp{\acute{i}}f{\grave{u}}h{\acute{e}}-f{\bar{a}}ng$) was orally administerd to mice with arthritis induced by collagen II and then value of immunocyte in spleen, draining lymph node and paw joint and cytokine(IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$), rheumatoid factor (IgG and IgM) in serum were measured. Results : 1. The arthritis index was significantly decreased. 2. In total cell counts of spleen, DLN and paw joint, the cells in spleen decreased while there was a significant increase in DLN and significant decrease in paw joint. 3. In lymph nodes, CD3+, CD3+/CD69+, CD4+, CD8+ cells increased significantly. 4. In joints, CD3+ and CD11+b/Gr-1+ cells decreased significantly. 5. Serum IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were decreased significantly. 6. Production of serum IgG and IgM decreased significantly. Conclusions : The results present that Haedongpibokhap-bang($H{\check{a}}it{\acute{o}}ngp{\acute{i}}f{\grave{u}}h{\acute{e}}-f{\bar{a}}ng$) controls abnormal activity of immune system, inhibitig collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the clean appearance and good stretch properties. Usually, clean appearance concerned with the dyeing properties of core and effect yarns. The dyeing properties between core yarn (conjugate yarn) and effect yarn were determined by the build-up and the color differences using the four different yarns of SDY FD(spindraw yarn full dull), SDY CD(spindraw yarn cation dyeable), POY FD( partially-oriented yarn full dull) and POY CD(partially-oriented yarn cation dyeable). We used the single color dye of C. I. Disperse Blue 79 and mixed colors made by C. I. Disperse Red 60, C. I. Disperse Blue 56, and C. I. Disperse Yellow 54.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2011

Regulation of B cell receptor (BCR)-induced $Ca^{2+}$ signaling by CD40 co-stimulation was compared in long-term BCR-stimulated immature (WEHI-231) and mature (Bal-17) B cells. In response to long-term pre-stimulation of immature WEHI-231 cells to ${\alpha}$-IgM antibody (0.5~48 hr), the initial transient decrease in BCR-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was followed by spontaneous recovery to control level within 24 hr. The recovery of $Ca^{2+}$ signaling in WEHI-231 cells was not due to restoration of internalized receptor but instead to an increase in the levels of $PLC{\gamma}2$ and $IP_3R-3$. CD40 co-stimulation of WEHI-231 cells prevented BCR-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and it strongly inhibited the recovery of BCR-induced $Ca^{2+}$ signaling. CD40 co-stimulation also enhanced BCR internalization and reduced expression of $PLC{\gamma}2$ and $IP_3R-3$. Pre-treatment of WEHI-231 cells with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) strongly inhibited CD40-mediated prevention of the recovery of $Ca^{2+}$ signaling. In contrast to immature WEHI-231 cells, identical long-term ${\alpha}$-IgM pre-stimulation of mature Bal-17 cells abolished the increase in BCR-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, regardless of CD40 co-stimulation. These results suggest that CD40-mediated signaling prevents antigen-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of immature B cells through inhibition of sustained BCR-induced $Ca^{2+}$ signaling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8253-8258
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• 2016

Elevated levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) are linked with various T-cell neoplasms. However, the relationship between sCD30 levels and the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers remains to be clarified. We here investigated whether plasma sCD30 is associated with risk of ATL in a nested case-control study within a cohort of HTLV-1 carriers. We compared sCD30 levels between 11 cases (i.e., HTLV-1 carriers who later progressed to ATL) and 22 age-, sex- and institution-matched control HTLV-1 carriers (i.e., those with no progression). The sCD30 concentration at baseline was significantly higher in cases than in controls (median 65.8, range 27.2-134.5 U/mL vs. median 22.2, range 8.4-63.1 U/mL, P=0.001). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, a higher sCD30 (${\geq}30.2U/mL$) was significantly associated with ATL development (odds ratio 7.88 and the 95% confidence intervals 1.35-45.8, P = 0.02). Among cases, sCD30 concentration tended to increase at the time of diagnosis of aggressive-type ATL, but the concentration was stable in those developing the smoldering-type. This suggests that sCD30 may serve as a predictive marker for the onset of aggressive-type ATL in HTLV-1 carriers.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2008

We investigated if Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has protective effects on cadmium (Cd) induced liver damage in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Forty rats, aged 5 weeks old and weighed 90-110g, were divided into a control (with Cd free water), 50 ppm of $CdCl_2$ in drinking water treated groups (Chlorella 0% diet group (Cd/CV0%), Chlorella 5% diet group (Cd/CV5%) or Chlorella 10% diet group (Cd/CV10%). All the rats had freely access to water and diet for 8 weeks. The results show that body weight gain and relative liver weight had significantly lower in Cd/CV0%-treated group than in Cd/CV-treated groups. Hepatic Cd contents showed significantly less by feeding CV (P<0.05). Cd/CV0%-treated rats had significantly (P<0.05) higher hepatic T-MTs, and Cd-MTs concentrations, compared to Cd/CV5% or Cd/CV10% treated rats. The MT I/II mRNA was expressed in the liver of all experimental rats. Its expression was more increased in Cd/CV5%- or Cd/CV10%-treated rats, compared to control and Cd-treated rats. Thus, this study suggested that CV would have a protective effect on Cd-treated liver injury by the reduction of Cd concentrations and stimulation of Cd-MT binds in the liver. However, more studies are needed to identify the proper mechanism of CV and liver toxicity.