• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.577-583
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• 1999

Concentrations of heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, V and Zn in the internal organs (liver, kidney, heart, lung, spleen, cerebrum and bone) of Korean obtained from 91 forensic medical autopsy cadavers, with an age range of 12-87 years, were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. From the results, positive correlation with age was observed in the following cases : Cd in liver, kidney and cerebrum; Fe in cerebrum and bone; Pb in bone; v in lung. Copper in heart, Hg in bone and Mn in kidney correlated negatively with age. A significantly positive correlation between Se and Hg was only observed in heart. Significant correlation coefficients between Se and As were observed in liver, kidney, heart spleen and bone. The correlation between Cd and Zn was significant in liver and kidney, indicating that the distribution of Cd is similar to that of Zn in the liver and kidney.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2000

The effect of cyclodextrins on the solubility and stability of aspalatone (acetylsalicylic acid maltol ester, AM, CAS 147249-33-0), which has been recently found to have an antithrombotic effect, was investigated. The addition of ${\beta}-cyclodextrin\;({\beta}-CD),\;dimethyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin\;(DMCD)\;or\;2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin\;(HPCD)$ to the aqueous solution increased the solubility of AM concentration-dependently. From the phase solubility diagram, stability constants for $AM-{\beta}-CD$, -DMCD or -HPCD complexes were calculated to be 43.1, 78.3 and $53.0\;M^{-1}$. The addition of ${\beta}-CD$, DMCD or HPCD to AM solution retarded the degradation rate of AM in the acidic region. However, ${\beta}-CD$ and HPCD rather acted as an accelerator of degradation in the neutral and alkaline regions. DMCD had a stabilizing effect at all pHs studied.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.106.1-106.1
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• 2003

Cadmium (Cd) is an inorganic toxicant of great environmental and occupational concern which was classified as a human carcinogen in 1993. Occupational cadmium exposure is associated with lung cancer in human. In the present study, we established the mechanistic basis of apoptotic cell death induced by Cd in WI38 human lung fibroblast. Cd at 20-80 ${\mu}$M decreased viablility of cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PI staining, TUNEL staining and DNA fragmentation analysis demonstrated the apoptotic cell death by Cd. (omitted)

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2023

In this study, a straightforward and precise nitrogen/sulphur-codoped carbon dots (N/S-CD) was produced using a microwave irradiation approach. The N/S-CD was formulated from succinic acid (SA), bis-(3-aminopropyl)-amine (BAPA), and sodium thiosulphate (STS) as sources of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur, respectively. The synthesized N/S-CD established a valuable quantum yield (QY) of 70 % and was sensitive to aluminium ion (Al³⁺) with a detection limit of 0.21 µM and a linear concentration range of 0-100 µM. When detecting Al³⁺ in real water samples, the N/S-CD resulted in a satisfactory recovery in the range of 91.14 %-103.37 %. Thus, the proposed study is very promising for Al³⁺ detection in environmental water samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.615-620
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate food safety training program for employees in foodservice operations. The developed CD-ROM was consisted of 5 parts: foodbome illness, personal hygiene, food handling in food production steps, HACCP system, and sanitary facilities. It has made slides for all contents, the animation and movie to raise interests and concentrations, and illustrations and pictures to understand. The evaluation checklists were developed 15 questionnaires including understanding(5), information(3), concentration(4), recommendation(2), and the most important factor(1) and measured by Likert 5-point scale. Fifty-four dietitians in Daegu and Gyeongbuk schools, hospitals, and industries foodservice operations responded to the surveys. The results are as follows; The most important part in the CD-ROM was personal hygiene(33.3%). The total mean was $3.95{\pm}0.41,\;3.91{\pm}0.46$ on understanding, $3.89{\pm}0.50$ on information, $3.87{\pm}0.55$ on concentration and $4.29{\pm}0.49$ on recommendation. The score was significantly higher in the recommendation part than others. Overall, as the developed CD-ROM has achieved fine score, a study on the effect of education needs to be followed. Moreover, consistent and organized education by developing a variety of sanitation education methods should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.105-120
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mori Folium herbal acupuncture at St36 on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA (ovalbumin) for 12 weeks (once a week) Two experimental groups were treated with different concentrations (1%, 0.1%) of Mori Folium herbal acupuncture at Chok-samni (St36) for the later 8 weeks (3times/week). Result : 1. Lung weight of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total Leukocytes in BALF of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. The number of Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 4. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b,\;CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;CD3e^+/CD69^+,\;IgE^+/B220^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 5. The concentration of IgE, IL-13, IL-4 in serum of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The concentration of IL-4 in BALF of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Conclusion : We conclude that Mori Folium herbal acupuncture is effective on OVA-induced asthma of C57BL/6 mouse.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 1997

Mercury- and cadmium-resistant bacteria were Isolated from an Industrial complex wastewater of Taejon area. All of them were motile, gram negative rods. In the results of physicochemical test and VITEK card test. HM1 was Identified with Achetobacter cd- coaceucus, CM3 was Identified 65 Commonas acidovorns, HM2, HM3, CMI , and CM4 were Pseudomonas sp., but HM4 and CM2 were unidenteed. They were tested for subceptlbility to 14 heavy metals. Mercury-resistant bacteria(HM1, HM2, HM3, and HM4) were sensitive to low concentration(100~400ppm) of $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$. $Zn^{2+}$, and Ni2+, while cadmium-resistant bacteria(CM1, CM2, CM3, and CM4) showed resistance up to the high concentration(600~ 1, 200ppm) of these metal loons. As a result of resistance spectrum test of mercury-resistant bacteria, HM1 was broad-spectrum strain, HM2. HM3, and HM4 were narrow-spectrum stratas. Transmission electron microscopic examination of cell wall of HM1 culture grown with and without 100ppm of $HgCl_2$ showed remarkably merphological abnormalities. In the result of atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of cadmium-resistant bacteria grown at 200ppm of $CdCl_2$ for 6h, all of them accumulated cadrnium(14ppm~57ppm) In cell. In cadinium-resistant bacteria, CM1, CM2, and CM4 were spared from the Inhibitory effect of $Cd^{2+}$ by the addition of $Mn^{2+}$, CM4 were also spared from the Inhibitory effect of $Cd^{2+}$ by the addition of $Mn^{2+}$ as well as $Zn^{2+}$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the level of atmospheric heavy metals and the relationship of that concentration with weather conditions. This research monitored the concentration of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) at every three hours by using High Volume Air Sampler from December 24th, of 1995 to Febuary 20th, 1996 in Kimhae area, which recently became a rapidly growing residential and industrial sitc. The items such as air-temperature, relative humidity, radition, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored by using Atmospheric Weather System at the same time. From the collected TSP, the concentration of heavy metals were analyzed by using the Atomic Absorption Spcetrophotometry. The mean concentration of TSP was 110.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^3$, and the mean concentration of lead (Pb), copper(Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), were 0.837 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^3$, 0486 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^3$, 0.264$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^3$). The concentration of Pb and Mn was higher in the moring and that of Cu, Cr and Cd was higher in the afternoon and the evening. Regarding the relationship between the concentration of pollutants and weather condition, the-concentration TSP revealed positive correlation with temperature, humidity, wind speed, but negative correlation with tradition (p<0.01). The concentration of Mn revealed positive correlation with temperature and humidity, but negative correlation with wind speed (p<0.01). And the the concentration of pollutants and weather condition revealed higher correlation within the same time period. In summary, the paralleled mornitoring of air conditions and weather condition should be recommended to. get the correct informations concerning the pollution and to prevent the deterioration of air conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.646-651
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• 2007

This investigation was performed to study the influence of Cd and nitrate on growth, and chlorophyll and photosynthetic enzymes in seedling of tobacco. Growth inhibition by Cd was not recovered by nitrate. Chlorophyll levels were reduced by Cd. The combination of Cd and low concentration of nitrate decreased the chlorophyll content compared to that in plants exposed only to Cd. Activity and content of rubisco at Cd treatment was significantly lesser than in plants receiving no treatment, These data suggest that rubisco activity was associated with an amount of rubisco protein, and that the activation and synthesis of rubisco is inhibited by Cd. Both the activity and content of rubisco decreased by Cd were more decreased by nitrate. A similar change pattern was also observed in activity and content of rubisco activase. These results suggest that Cd- and nitrate-induced changes of rubisco could be correlated with rubisco activase, and that nitrate was concerned in not only the activation and synthesis of rubisco directly, but also rubisco activase leading to a large change in rubisco.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 1997

An improved technique based upon an electron beam evaporation system has been developed to prepare cubic thin films In crystalline semiconductors. Zinc blonde CdSe epilayers were grown on GaAs(100) substrate by an e-beam evaporation method. The lattice parameter obtained from (400) reflection is $6.077\AA$, which is in excellent agreement with the value reported in the literature for zinc blonde CdSe. The orientation of the as-grown CdSe epilayer is determined by electron channeling patterns. The crystallinity of epitaxial CdSe layers were investigated on the double crystal X-ray rocking curve. The carrier concentration and mobility of epilayers deduced by Hall effect measurement are about $10^{18}{\textrm}{cm}^{-3}$, $10^2\textrm{cm}^2/V{\cdot}sec$ at room temperature, respectively. The photocurrent spectrum peak of the epilayer at 30 K exhibits a sharp change at 1.746 eV due to the free exciton of cubic CdSe.