• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.316-321
• /
• 1995

All the pharmacological studies of LB17522 described here were carried out with high doses (fifteen to sixty times of the therapeutic dose) to determine an indication of potential side effects in clinical use in terms of the acute clinical signs, cardiovascular and central nervous system. LB10522 does not produce any observable clinical signs except for the symptoms such as moist eye, skin rash, slight salivation, vomitting, and slightly reduced activity. The effects of LB10522 on the hemodynamics and cardiac function of anesthetized beagle dogs are as follows; heart rates and mean arterial blood pressure had a tendency to increase mildly, which is a normal finding in anesthetized dogs. All the animals except for one showed relatively stable respiratory rates throughout the observation period. Each animal treated with LB10522 showed slight increase in the left cardiac work and left ventricular stroke work which are mainly related to corresponding increases in cardiac output. Femoral blood flow were shown to be increased in some animals treated with LB10522. The epileptogenic activities of various cephalosporins were assessed by a direct intracerebral injection of appropriate concentration of test articles. The CD$_{50}$ values (nmol) obtained from the analysis of the dose-response data are as follows; 78.2, 175.3, 156.3, and 53.5 for cefazolin, cephaloridine, ceftazidime, and LB 10522, respectively. LB10522 seems to be equipotent with cefazolin or to be three times more potent than cephaloridine and ceftazidime in causing adverse CNS stimulation. Taken into consideration all the information obtained, LB10522 is not supposed to induce much changes in the functions examined in these studies in man at therapeutic doses.s.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
• /
• pp.545-545
• /
• 2003

Chitosan is applied as a dressing for oral mucous wound and a tampon following radical treatment of maxillary sinus. Furthermore, it is being investigated as an absorbing membrane for endodontic and periodontic surgeries. A few studies have reported osteoconduction and osteogenesia at the site of chitosan implant in vivo. However, compared with soft tissue healing processes, the mechanisms concerning effects of chitosan for biological mineralization have not yet been resoil In the present study, we studied the gene expression pattern using cDNA microarray and RT-PCR analyses in hard tissue forming osteoblasts cultured with water-soluble and low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that 16 genes were expressed at 〉1.5-fold higher signal ratio levels in the experimental group compared with the control group after 3 days. RT-PCR analysis showed that chitosan oligomer induced an increase in the expression of two genes, CD56 antigen and tissue-type plasminogen activator. Furthermore, the expression of mRNAs for BMP-2 was almost identical in the experimental and control groups after 3 days of culture, but slightly increased after 7 days of culture with chitosan oligomer. These results suggest that a super-low concentration of chitooligosaccharide could modulate the activity of osteoblastic cells through mRNA levels and that the genes concerning cell proliferation and differentiation can be controlled by water-soluble chitosan.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

Recently, we have shown that some endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, organotins and azoles suppressed steroidogenic enzymes such as P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and aromatase in bullfrog ovarian follicles. In the present study, by using an amphibian ovarian follicle culture system, we examined the effects of these endocrine disruptors on maturation and ovulation of oocytes from Rana dybowskii in vitro. Ovarian fragments or isolated follicles were cultured for 24 h in a medium containing frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or progesterone ($P_{4}$) with or without endocrine disruptors, and oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) and ovulation were examined. Among the organotins, tributyltin (TBT) strongly inhibited both FPH-and $P_{4}-induced$ oocyte maturation ($ED_{50}$:0.6 and 0.7 ${\mu}M$, respectively); however, tetrabutyltin (TTBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) showed only partial suppression, while monobutyltin (MBT) showed no inhibitory effect. All of the organotins suppressed $P_{4}-induced$ oocyte ovulation very effectively at a low concentration, and TBT and DBT exerted an inhibitory effect on FPH-induced ovulation. Among the heavy metals, mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) were very effective in inhibiting FPH-induced oocyte maturation and ovulation, while lead (Pb), arsenite (As) and zinc (Zn) were less effective. However, all of the heavy metals suppressed FPH-induced oocyte ovulation at a high dose ($100{\mu}M$). Among the azoles, itraconazole (ICZ), ketoconazole (KCZ) and clotrimazole (CTZ) effectively inhibited FPH-induced oocyte maturation and ovulation, while econazole (ECZ), miconazole (MCZ) and fluconazole (FCZ) were considerably less effective. These results demonstrated that the abovementioned endocrine disruptors exhibited differential effects on oocyte maturation and ovulation in amphibian follicles and that the frog ovarian culture system could be used as an effective experimental tool to screen and evaluate the toxicity of various endocrine disruptors in vitro.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.1085-1088
• /
• 2011

Heavy metal concentration as well as chemical composition were surveyed in commercial liquid pig manure to provide the basic information for mitigation research of hazardous material to agro-product. Seventy-five samples of liquid pig manure were collected and analyzed from 2009 to 2010 nationwide. Average contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ were 0.29%, 0.08%, and 0.11%, respectively. The contents of heavy metals ranged from 0.001~0.083 for As, 0.001~0.108 for Cd, 0.002~0.495 for Cr, 0.07~47.8 for Cu, ND~0.005 for Hg, 0.035~1.033 for Ni, ND~0.291 for Pb, and $0.75{\sim}342.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for Zn, respectively. It was noted that among 75 samples, only four samples exceeded the Zn guideline ($130mg\;L^{-1}$) of liquid fertilizer derived from livestock manure but others were not exceeded the regulation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.439-448
• /
• 2021

DA-9601 is an extract obtained from Artemisia asiatica, which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects on gastrointestinal lesions; however, its possible anti-inflammatory effects on the small intestine have not been studied yet. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effects of DA-9601 against the ACF-induced small intestinal inflammation. Inflammation of the small intestine was confirmed by histological studies and the changes in the CD4⁺ T cell fraction induced by the inflammation-related cytokines, and the inflammatory reactions were analyzed. Multifocal discrete small necrotic ulcers with intervening normal mucosa were frequently observed after treatment with ACF. The expression of IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α genes was increased in the ACF group; however, it was found to have been significantly decreased in the DA-9601 treated group. In addition, DA-9601 significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α; the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, on the other hand, was observed to have increased. It is known that inflammatory mediators related to T cell imbalance and dysfunction continuously activate the inflammatory response, causing chronic tissue damage. The fractions of IFN-γ⁺ Th1 cells, IL-4⁺ Th2 cells, IL-9⁺ Th9 cells, IL-17⁺ Th17 cells, and Foxp3⁺ Treg cells were significantly decreased upon DA-9601 treatment. These data suggest that the inflammatory response induced by ACF is reduced by DA-9601 via lowering of the expression of genes encoding the inflammatory cytokines and the concentration of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, DA-9601 inhibited the acute inflammatory response mediated by T cells, resulting in an improvement in ACF-induced enteritis.

• 한국수처리학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2018

This research was conducted to elucidate the removal mechanism of heavy metals and sulfate ion from acid mine drainage(AMD) by porous zeolite-slag ceramics (ZS ceramics) packed in a column reactor system. The average removal efficiencies of heavy metals and sulfate ion from AMD by the 1:3(Z:S) porous ZS ceramics in the column reactor under the HRT condition of 24 hours were Al 97.5%, As 98.8%, Cd 86.1%, Cu 96.2%, Fe 99.7%, Mn 64.1%, Pb 97.2%, Zn 66.7%, and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 76.0% during 121 days of operation time. The XRD analysis showed that the ferric iron from AMD could be removed by adsorption and/or ion-exchange on the porous ZS ceramics. In addition it was known that Al, As, Cu, Mn, and Zn could adsorb or coprecipitate on the surface of Fe precipitates such as schwertmannite, ferrihydrite, or goethite. The EDS analysis revealed that Al, Fe, and Mn, which were of relatively high concentration in the AMD, would be adsorbed and/or ion-exchanged on the porous ZS ceramics and also exhibited that Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn could be precipitated as the form of metal hydroxide or sulfate and adsorbed or coprecipitated on the surface of Fe precipitates. The microscopic results on the porous ZS ceramics and precipitated sludge in a column reactor system suggested that the heavy metals and sulfate ion from AMD would be eliminated by the multiple mechanisms of coprecipitation, adsorption, ion-exchange as well as precipitation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2022

This study assessed the feasibility of iron oxide nanoparticles impregnated with biochar (INPBC), derived from woody biomass, as a stabilizing agent for the stabilization of farmland soil in the vicinity of an abandoned mine through pot experiments with 28 days of lettuce growth. The lettuce grown in the INPBC amended soils increased by more than 100% and the concentrations of inorganic elements (Cu, Ni, Zn) decreased by more than 40%. As, Cd and Pb were not transferred properly from the soils to the lettuce biomass. The bioavailability of arsenic and heavy metals in the INPBC amended soils were decreased by 26%~50%. It seems that the major mechanisms of stabilization were arsenic adsorption on iron oxides, heavy metal precipitation by soil pH increasing and heavy metal adsorption on organic matter. These results revealed that the lower bioavailability of the inorganic pollutants in the soils stabilized using INPBC induced lower transfer to the lettuce. Thus, INPBC could be used as an amendment material for the stabilization of farmland soils contaminated by arsenic and heavy metals. However, a pre-review of the chemical properties of the amended soil must be performed prior to applying INPBC in farmland soil because the concentration of the nutrients in the soil such as available phosphates and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K) could be decreased due to adsorption on the surface of the iron oxides and organic matter.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2023

Formaldehyde use is associated with serious health risks, which can affect medical personnel and technicians. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of an alternative fixative, with respect to two types of formalin fixatives, by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and RNA extraction. For H&E staining, the circular nucleus was stained dark blue by the basic dye hematoxylin and the cytoplasm was stained red by the acid dye eosin in all three fixative samples. No difference was found in the Duksan General Science (DGS), Sigma-Aldrich, and Core-Fix fixative samples (Corebiotech) used to fix kidney tissue, after PAS staining. IHC staining showed that CD4 was significantly increased in the lippolysaccharide (LPS)-treated group compared to the control group (vehicle), confirming the changes in specific molecules. The quantity and quality of RNA from tissues fixed in the three types of fixatives were evaluated. The average concentration of RNA was 106 ng/µL and average purity at A 260/280 ratio was 1.7~2.0, regardless of fixative used. For quality of protein, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein was confirmed by Western blotting. In conclusion, Core-Fix can be used as a fixative for pathological tissues, in histological and molecular diagnoses.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.562-570
• /
• 2019

경기도에서 유통되고 있는 건조수산물 95건에 대하여 유해중금속인 납, 카드뮴, 수은 및 미량영양소인 셀레늄 함량을 조사하였다. 금아말감법의 수은분석기, 유도결합플라즈마 질량분석기를 사용하여 측정하였으며, 각 항목별 평균함량은 납 0.062±0.071(0.002-0.428) mg/kg[평균값±표준편차(최소값-최대값) mg/kg], 카드뮴 0.083±0.100(0.004-0.540) mg/kg, 수은 0.012±0.012(N.D-0.054) mg/kg, 셀레늄 0.839±0.371(0.362-2.124) mg/kg으로 나타났으며, 유해중금속인 납, 카드뮴, 수은 모두 기준규격 이하로 나타났다. 멸치 크기에 따른 중금속 및 셀레늄 함량은 수은이 대멸치에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 셀레늄은 잔멸치와 대멸치의 크기에 따른 유의적인 함량 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 새우 종류에 따른 중금속 및 셀레늄 함량을 비교한 결과 보리새우가 납, 카드뮴, 수은에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 대멸치, 밴댕이의 부위별 중금속 및 셀레늄 함량은 내장부위가 가장 높았고, 새우는 머리부위가 중금속 및 셀레늄 함량이 높게 나타났다. 건조수산물을 통해 섭취하는 수은, 카드뮴의 주간 및 월간섭취량은 JECFA에서 설정한 PTW(M)I의 0.712%와 2.978%로 조사된 건조수산물 내 중금속 함량은 안전한 농도수준으로 판단된다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.428-442
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 낙동강 하류역 강하먼지의 조성 특성을 파악하기 위하여, 광구병형 Dust jar를 사용하여 2002년 6월부터 2003년 5월까지 1년간 낙동강 하류역의 5개 지점에서 시료를 채취하였다. 채취된 강하먼지에 함유된 불용성 성분(Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, V, Zn) 및 수용성 성분($Cl^-$, $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $NH_4^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, $MG^{2+}$)들은 ICP/AES, AAS, IC 및 UV를 이용하여 정량하었다. 성분에 대한 지각농축계수를 지역별로 비교한 결과 인위적인 오염원인 Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn에서 10 이상의 높은 값을 보였다. 특히 Pb는 감전동, 원동, 신라대, 삼랑진 및 물금 지점 순으로 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 계절별 토양입자의 기여율은 겨울철에 16.3 %로서 가장 높았으며, 1년간 평균 기여율은 11.2%이었다. 계절별[$SO_4^{2-}/NO_3^-$] 당량비는 겨울철(5.12)이 가장 높았고, 가을철(3.30)이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 지역별로는 신라대, 감전동, 물금, 원동 및 삼랑진 순으로, 특히 도심에 인접한 지점의 경우가 높게 나타났으며, 평균 당량비는 4.28이었다. 총 강하먼지에 대한 수용성 이온성분의 총 침적량의 비율은 봄철(71.6%), 여름(61.2%), 가을(49.2%) 및 겨울철(48.6%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 평균은 57.6%이었다. 해염입자의 지역별 기여율 분포는 신라대(34.5%), 감전동(28.3%), 원동(17.3%), 삼랑진(17.2%) 및 물금(13.8%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 평균 기여율은 22.1%로 나타났다.