• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2001

현재 전량매립 처분되고 있는 차피파쇄잔류물(shredder residue)의 연료로써의 활용 가능성을 모색하기 위한 분석평가시험을 실시하였다. 수집한 차피파쇄잔류물을 입도별 및 재질별 선별작업을 통해 분류하고 이들 시료에 대한 Cl, S, 회분 및 발열량에 대한 화학분석을 실시하였다. 플라스틱에 함유된 PVC의 영향으로 대상시료 3종류 중 1 종류만을 제외하고는 시료의 평균 Cl 함량은 모두 4wt%를 상회하였다 반면, S 함량은 0.25∼0.39wt%로써 비교적 낮았다. 발열량의 경우 플라스틱이 10,000kcal/kg 이상으로 가장 높았으며, 나무/종이 및 섬유류가 4,000 kcal/kg 정도로써 가장 낮게 나타났다. 차피파쇄잔류물 중의 금속성분은 Fe 가 6∼8.5 wt%인 것을 제외하고는 모두 미량인 것으로 확인되었으며, 유독성 중금속인 Hg와 Cr(VI)은 검출이 되지 않았고, Cd은 0.0004∼0.0009wt%로 극미량이 검출되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2015

Two coumarinolignans, cleomiscosins C (1) and D (2) were isolated from the heartwood of Acer mono, together with four compounds, 5-O-methyl-(E)-resveratrol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (3), 5-O-methyl-(E)-resveratrol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-apiofuranosyl-(1$\rightarrow$6)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), scopoletin (5), and (E)-resveratrol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6). Of them, cleomiscosins C (1) and D (2) were applied to preparing inclusion complex molecules with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD) to improve the very poor solubility in cell media. The CD complexes of 1 and 2 exhibited an enhancement of water solubility which is feasible to measure their cytotoxicity using a spectrophotometer in a cell-based assay. Anti-proliferative activity of these complex molecules was successfully estimated on HCT116 human colon cancer cells, and cleomiscosin D (2) showed anti-proliferative effects at the concentration of 1.95~31.2 ${{\mu}g}$/mL in a dose-dependent manner.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.866-874
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• 2006

Atopic dermitiis(AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which requires safe and effective medicinal therapy. Over production of Th2 cytokines and chemokines as well as IgE, which are mediated by highly activated immune cells, have been considered as pathologic factors in this disease. We found that Gamipaidok-san(GPDS), which is a traditional herbal medicine clinically prescribing for atopic dermitis patients in the hospital, has suppressive effects on the development of DNC8 induced dermatitis in Nc/Nga atopic model. Oral administration of GPDS at the concentration of 250 mg/Kg for 12 weeks significantly suppressed the clinical severity of the dermatitis including pruities, edema, eczematous and dryness. Histological examination revealed that thickness of dermis and epidermis were considerably reduced, and the number of infiltrated inflammatory immune cells including mast cells, CCR3+, and CD4+ T cells were decreased in the affected skin and ear, and consistantly, the number of CD3+/CCR3+ cells in Iymph nodes were decreased. The levels of Th2 cytokines produced by activated splenocyte from atopic mice were also down-regulated by GPDS. Furthermore, the serum levels of IgE were considerably reduced, which accompanied by a decrease in the number of B220+IgE+ B cells in the Iymph nodes. Taken together, these results suggested that oral administration of GPDS, a traditional herbal medicine, has suppressive effects on atopic dermitis of Nc/Nga mouse by the modulation of the immune system, therefore GPDS has potential as a natural therapeutic for treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 1995

The complexation and physical characteristics of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposome containing amphotericin B(AmB) were investigated through circular dichrosim(CD) spectra, the size distribution, the turbidity change, and the calcein release. CD spectra of AmB-containing egg PC mxture exhibited a positive peak around 330 nm indicative of complexation of AmB and four negative peaks. The positive peak increased up to $2.2{\;}millidegree/{\mu}g$ AmB as AmB contents increased up to 12% (w/w), suggesting that AmB-phospholipid complexation was promoted by the antibiotics. The effective diameter of liposomesa by dynamic light scattering decreased from 450 nm to 220 nm as the amount of AmB in liposomes increased from o to 30% (w/w). The complexation may be responsible for the reduction in size. On the other hand, at around 1 mN deoxycholate (DOC), the reltive turbidities of 5 and 10% (w/w) AmB-containing liposome suspension were less than 1 probably due to the soblubilization of the complex, while those of pure PC liposome suspension were larger than 1 at the same concentration. Deoxycholate-induced release of liposomes, indicating the intercalation of the drug into the bilayers. Therefore, it is concluded that in AmB/eggPC/water system, AmB-phospholipid complexcoexists with AmB-containing liposomes.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

To increase the solubility of quercetin, which is a practically insoluble flavonoid of Ginkgo biloba leaf, the effects of nonaqueous vehicles. Their cosolvents, water-sol uble polymers and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) were observed. Polyethylene glycols, diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether, and their cosolvents with water showed a good solvency toward quercetin. Also the aqueous solutions of povidone, copolyvidone and Cremophor RH 40 was effective in solubilizing quercetin. Complex formation of quercetin with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD), dimethyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextiin (DMCD), 2-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether (SBCD) in water was investigated by solubility method at $37^{\circ}C$. The addition of CDs in water markedly increased the solubility of quercetin with increasing the concentration. AL type phase solubility diagrams were obtained with CDs studied. Solubilizaton efficiency by CDs was in the order of SBCD >> DMCD > HPCD > ${\beta}$-CD. The dissolution rates of quercetin from solid dispersions with copolyvidone, povidone and HPCD were much faster than those of drug alone and corresponding physical mixtures, and exceeded the equilibrium solubility (3.03${\pm}1.72{\mu}$g/ml). The permeation of quercetin through duodenal mucosa did not occur even in the presence of enhancers such as bile salts, but the permeation was observed when the mucus layer was scraped off. This was due to the fact that quercetin had a strong binding to mucin ($58.5{\mu}$g/mg mucin). However rutin was permeable to the duodenal mucosa. The addition of enhancer significantly increased the permeation of rutin in the order of sodium glycocholate.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.640-648
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• 2022

CD133, also known as prominin-1, was first identified as a biomarker of mammalian cancer and neural stem cells. Previous studies have shown that the prominin-like (promL) gene, an orthologue of mammalian CD133 in Drosophila, plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism, body growth, and longevity. Because locomotion is required for food sourcing and ultimately the regulation of metabolism, we examined the function of promL in Drosophila locomotion. Both promL mutants and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies displayed reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. As dopamine is known to modulate locomotion, we also examined the effects of promL inhibition on the dopamine concentration and mRNA expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DOPA decarboxylase (Ddc), the enzymes responsible for dopamine biosynthesis, in the heads of flies. Compared with those in control flies, the levels of dopamine and the mRNAs encoding TH and Ddc were lower in promL mutant and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies. In addition, an immunostaining analysis revealed that, compared with control flies, promL mutant and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies had lower levels of the TH protein in protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) neurons, a subset of dopaminergic neurons. Inhibition of promL in these PAM neurons reduced the locomotor activity of the flies. Overall, these findings indicate that promL expressed in PAM dopaminergic neurons regulates locomotion by controlling dopamine synthesis in Drosophila.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.20-27
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• 1988

A simple two stage aerosol filter sampler which allows simultaneous and fractional collection of two different-size particles, coarse and fine, was constructed and applied to the collection of Seoul atmospheric particulate for inorganic analysis. The sampler consist of two 47-mm diameter filter holder, a pneumatic pump, and a flowmeter. Filtering rate normally runs around 20$\ell$/min for 8 hrs. Using the sampler, a series of seasonal aerosol samples were collected from June 1986 to March 1988 at Yonsei University campus, Seoul and subsequently analysed for ten environmentally important metals using an atomic absorption spectrometer and an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The analysed metals are Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. The analytical results showed the following order of metal abundance; Al > Fe > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu > V > Ni > Cr > Cd. Based upon their size distribution pattern, the analyzed matals could be clasified into two groups, those present primarily in coarse particle and those in fine particle. Fe, Al, Mn, V, and Cr belong to the former group while the rest to the latter. Most metal concentration were highest in spring or winter, and lowest in autumn. Statistical analysis showed strong correlations between Al and Fe, Pb and Zn, and Cu and Mn.

• 분석과학
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.422-431
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• 2009

휴대용 X-선 형광 분석기의 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 휴대용 및 bench-top X-선 형광 분석기를 이용하여 오일 시료 중의 Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Ba, Pb 등 20종의 마찰 금속 원소들을 비교 분석하였다. 마찰 금속 원소의 농도가 10~900 mg/kg으로 함유된 오일 인증표준물질을 구입하여 측정 시간 등에 따른 최적 분석조건을 확립하고, 각 마찰 금속 원소에 대한 검량곡선을 작성하였다. 마찰 금속 원소가 함유된 오일 인증표준물질 및 시판 중인 엔진오일 시료의 주행 전 후의 금속 원소 농도를 empirical 법 및 fundamental parameter 법으로 정량분석하고 그 결과를 비교하였다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2024

Dendritic cells play a very important role in the immune response as antigen-presenting cells that are critical for initiating both innate and acquired immunity. They recognize, process and present foreign antigens to other key immune cells to trigger and regulate the immune response. The ability to activate these dendritic cells can be used as a treatment for various immune diseases. Maqui berry has been reported to have anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effect on the activity of dendritic cells has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of maqui berry extract in modulating dendritic cell activity. Treatment of dendritic cells with maqui berry extract induced the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells was inhibited, which confirms their ability to present antigens, and the production of Interleukin (IL)-12, which is important for dendritic cell activity, was increased. These results indicated that Maqui berry extract activates dendritic cells maturation by inducing the production of co-stimulatory molecules and IL-12. These results suggest that maqui berry extract may act as an effective adjuvant to enhance dendritic cell-based immune responses.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2005

본 연구는 해양구조물로 재활용되는 제강 슬래그의 납, 구리, 카드뮴과 수은의 용출특성을 평가하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 고형폐기물의 용출규제 시험, 액고비 변화시험, pH 고정시험과 같은 다양한 용출시험을 하였다. 용출용매로 증류수를 이용한 경우와 해수를 이용한 경우의 pH 고정시험 결과, 제강슬래그에서 용출된 납, 구리, 카드뮴은 뚜렷한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 용출용매로 증류수 사용시, pH 7-8 구간과 pH 11-12 구간에서 낮은 용출을 보였지만, 해수를 용출용매로 사용한 경우는, 증류수를 용매로 사용한 것 보다 높게 용출되었다. 수은 용출의 경우는 증류수를 용출용매로 이용한 것보다 해수를 이용한 경우에서 더 낮게 용출되었다. 한편, 제강 슬래그에서 용출되는 납, 구리, 카드뮴의 용존 및 침전 상태의 파악과 중금속 화합물들의 파악을 위하여 지화학 평형 프로그램인 Visual minteq를 사용하였다. 해수와 반응한 제강 슬래그에서 용출된 납, 구리는 pH 11-12 구간에서 대부분 용존되지만 pH가 감소되는 pH 7-10에서는 90% 이상만이 침전하였고, 카드뮴의 경우는 100% 용존상태로 존재하였다. 증류수와 반응한 제강 슬래그에서 용출된 납은 해수의 경우도 유사하였고, 구리와 카드뮴은 100% 용존상태로 존재하였다. 해수 내의 $Cl^-,\;CO_3^{-2},\;SO_4^{-2}$와 결합한 납화합물은 $PbCl^+,\;PbSO_4$로 이루어졌으며, 구리화합물은 $CuSO_4,\;CuCO_3$, 카드뮴화합물은 $CdCl^+,\;CdSO_4$ 등이 형성되었다. 수은의 경우는 해수 및 증류수를 용출용매로 이용한 모든 경우에서 납, 구리, 카드뮴과는 달리 대부분 침전하였다. 더욱이 해수에 존재하는 고농도 염소($Cl^-$)와의 수착으로 인해 finite solid인 calomel($Hg_2Cl_2$)이 형성되어 대부분 침전(SI=0)되기 때문에 납, 구리, 카드뮴 보다 더 낮은 환경이동성을 갖을 것으로 사료된다. 상기 실험결과 용출용매로 증류수와 해수를 이용했을 때, 제강 슬래그에서 용출되는 납, 구리, 카드뮴, 수은의 용출 경향의 차이를 확인할 수 있었고 이에 따라서, 납, 구리, 카드뮴의 용출 유해성은 낮기 때문에 해양구조물로의 제강슬래그 유효이용은 적합할 것으로 판단되었다.