• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.52
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• pp.17-24
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• 1997

The Environment consolation and the Tour Resources Development of the Cave. The conservation and the development of the cave are complementary to each other. On account of Keepiny on changing, the cave is similar to living thing. Therefore, the cave development mocks the environment changed by the microbes and the mosses by many factors. But if can make the people around the cave get richer and richer by the visitors. If we need to develop some caves, first of all the safety diagnoses must be executed, about the geographic structures, path facilities, electronic ones, and so on.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.65
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• pp.39-51
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• 2004

To introduce the typical water caves of the northeastern district in China, the Shenyang Water Cave located in the Shenyang city and the Benxi Water Cave located in the Benxi city of the Liaoning province of the northeastern part of China are presented. The caves are very big and long, and the water flows in the cave to drive the motor boat for tourist watching the beautiful sight in the caves through the year. The geological information and the beautiful internal sight of views in the caves are introduced.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.95
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• pp.35-49
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• 2009

Ever since the beginning of time, caves not only have offered a place to live for humans but they have also been used as cultural spaces. That is, in the event of making some sounds in a location within the cave, the sound that is created is greatly magnified and sounds out as if it is being amplified from a giant megaphone. This, as we well know it, is known as the resonance effect. Here, the cave itself appears to function as a massive wind instrument. Especially in cases like the Altamira Cave (Spain) where cave paintings were found, the point where the cave drawings were found has commonalities in that it is a wide space and that it is usually discovered together with flutes and drums that are made with mammoth bones. We need to focus on this point. We can infer from these facts that the prehistoric people have carried out cultural activities along with their incantation rituals within those caves. In the meantime, amongst the Korean traditional arts, in the case of pansori which is a representative vocal genre, there have been examples where caves were used as practicing locations for those people who are training to perfect their singing. This is known as toguldoggong(土窟獨功) which literally means 'obtaining one's own art by oneself in the earth cave by practicing incessantly'. This process along with pokpodoggong (瀑布獨功) (same as above except that the location is by the waterfall) is the final training stage in order to become a recognized virtuoso on the part of the apprentice. This could be compared to the final annealing and finishing process of producing a metalwork. This has been a long tradition followed by most Korean traditional artists in order to perfect their sound which is harmonious with nature within natural surroundings. By honing in on this point, I have come to think about this matter repeatedly while coaching the university students in vocal singing. In short, I came to the conclusion that "the making of natural sounds will be obtained naturally within natural surroundings like caves!" Consequently, The Society for Studying Cave Sounds was inaugurated on January 1992 along with some of my students. We made use of times like vacations to go around exploring caves all over Jeju and carried out investigations of sounds along with cave exploration on an experimental basis. After 5 years, in September of 1997, we were able to host the first ever cave concert domestically at the Whale Nostril Cave(東岸鯨窟) on Wu-do. After that, we have been hosting the cave concert once every year. We have achieved a record of a total of 14 cave concerts until 2009 of this year. Out of these, 2 were held in Seokhwaeam Cave in Kangwon Province, another two were held in Manjang Cave which is a lava cave, and the remaining 10 were held in the Whale Nostril Cave of Wu-do. Along with that, I have carried out a special recording for the production of a cave music CD in May of 1999. This paper was written and organized by using the main materials that were derived from the experiences of using caves as concert halls in the past. It is hoped that this cave concert will offer a very unique experience to tourists who come to Jeju every year and give them the best possible superior natural sound effect that only Jeju caves can offer.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.93
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• pp.69-78
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• 2009

Many researcher contended that the tourism types of modern society has changed to 'experience tourism' from 'seeing tourism' recently. Therefore attempts to add edutainment factors in the original tour program has been introduced in cases of tourism cave. As we can see the Hwaam-cave in Jungsun-gun, by preparing with various pavilions which are well-matched with tourism cave. So, the purpose of this study is to the presentations of the activation programs that having on characteristics of edutainment tourism resources for tourism cave. Thus, first of all for establishing of this study, we examined the characteristics and values as tourism resources of cave and then observed the roles and examples of edutainment tourism cave, finally suggested the activation programs that can be shaped for edutainment tourism of cave.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.86
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• pp.16-24
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• 2008

Many researcher contended that the tourism types of modern society has changed to 'experience tourism' from 'seeing tourism' recently. Therefore attempts to add edutainment factors in the original tour program has been introduced in cases of tourism cave. As we can see the Hwaam-cave in Jungsun-gun, by preparing with various pavilions which are well-matched with tourism cave. So, the purpose of this study is to the presentations of the activation programs that having on characteristics of edutainment tourism resources for tourism cave. Thus, first of all for establishing of this study, we examined the characteristics and values as tourism resources of cave and then observed the roles and examples of edutainment tourism cave, finally suggested the activation programs that can be shaped for edutainment tourism of cave.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.681-690
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• 2014

It is known that sewer problems are the major causes of road cave-in. The objective of this study is to analyze the risk of road cave-in due to storm sewer laterals. We investigated 174 storm sewer laterals using a zoom camera at O-dong area in Seoul. The causes of road cave-in were classified into five cases: breakage of rigid pipe, deformation of flexible pipe, out of pipeline alignment, changing pipe material or changing pipe diameter, and a poor linkage between lateral and sewer. In addition, all defects were sorted into five grades based on the severity rating at storm sewer laterals. In this study, the most fragile pipe materials were found to be concrete pipe and polyethylene pipe, which recorded 2.3 and 1.69 defect rates. With regard to the causes of road cave-in, deformation of flexible pipe has a large influence on road cave-in at present. On a long-term basis, the two causes, out of pipeline alignment and a poor linkage between lateral and sewer, could have more influence on road cave-in.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.85
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• pp.15-17
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• 2008

This paper is attempted to review a cave restoration and preservation plan against environmental destruction and pollution as a preliminary survey for preservation of cave environment. Consequently, it's important to throw an indirect light rather than direct light on cave formations, keeping distance of 2m at least. The already existing moss should be removed using wet cloth or sponge as soon as possible. If it's washed off, be careful not to splash it or water on nearby subjects. Based on an automatic switch-off system, light will automatically turn off when no one is left in the cave. It's also recommended to dualize the cave passage and partially close the cave by taking turns to give a time to recover.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.63
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• pp.9-19
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual condition and the problems of the cave resources, and to suggest the improvements of the cave management. For this purpose, I analyzed the use of cave and the characteristics and the changing factors of the cave resources as well as the types and the formative factors of caves, and then investigated the problems and the improvement of the cave management. in conclusion, it is necessary that the comprehensive polities to prevent caves from staining and contaminating be established such as the environmental assessment and the conservative policies.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.29-32
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• 1995

The geographical location of Ondal cave is situated between Danyang's cave zone and Yang wol's Kossi cave. The cave is situated at 37$^{\circ}$ 03' North latitude and 128$^{\circ}$ 29' of east longitude and is administratively located in Hari, Yongchun Myen, Danyang Gun, Chung Chong Bug Do. In the light of its natural location, It is situated on the southern side of Nam Han river's water system and in the fort mountain which includes Ondal hill-fort and its mountain range's peak, Nam San.(omitted)

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.5
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• pp.5-14
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• 1997

This research is to survey the possibility of developing Yoryang coral cave as the local tour site uitable for local self-government era of Kangwon province, with relation to the tour development of Odaesan and Tebagsesan. This cave is only coral one founded in Asia and has very high speleological, and academic values. The people in the mining village can live a safe and rich life by getting two more jobs through developing the tour site in Yoryang coral cave round. The tour train running between Kangnung and Wonju makes coral cave as the local tour site, the beneficial condition of developing Yoryang.