• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.195-208
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• 2005

Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and associated with a high risk of atherosclerosis, and liver, kidney, nerve and tissue damage. Defective insulin secretion in pancreas and/or insulin resistance in peripheral tissues is a central component of diabetes. It is well established that, regardless of the degree of muscle insulin resistance, glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals are determined by the rate of hepatic glucose production. Moreover recently studies using liver-specific insulin receptor knockout mice show the paramount role of the liver in insulin resistance and diabetes. Insulin exerts a multifaceted and highly integrated series of actions via its intracellular signaling systems. The first major section of this review defines the major insulin-mediated signaling pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen activated protein kinases. The second major section of the review presents a summary and evaluation of methods for determination of the role and function of signaling pathways, including methods for determination of kinase phosphorylation, the use of pharmacological inhibitors of kinase and dominant-negative kinase constructs, and the application of new RNA interference methods.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.423-426
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• 2013

Females are more often affected by constipation than males, especially during pregnancy, which is related to the menstrual cycle. Although still controversial, alterations of progesterone and estrogen may be responsible. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to determine whether the female sex steroid hormone itself is responsible for development of constipation in both female and male mice. Administration of estrogen resulted in a decrease in weight of accumulated feces on days 2, 3, 4, and 5 in male mice and on day 5 in female mice, compared with the control group, but progesterone administration did not. Administration of estrogen resulted in a decrease in gastrointestinal movement, compared to normal; however, no significant change was observed by administration of progesterone. In conclusion, estrogen, rather than progesterone, may be a detrimental factor of constipation via decreased bowel movement in mice.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find the sociopsychological factors influencing the compliance of dietary regimen in diabetes by using focus group interviews. The data were collected from fifty three diabetes patients in eleven focus groups from September 1997 to March , 1998 in Seoul and Suwon Korea. The interviews were tape-recorded and the contents of the interviews were analysed by researchers. The subjects knew the causes, complications, and therapies of diabetes although they were incorrect at times . Patients had a wide range of outcome expectations from very optimistic to pessimistic. They recognized diabetes as a disease which needs life-time care, and they though that good care could provide a normal life. One the other hand they thought diabetes could lead to death through complications, and cause financial problems as well as social isolation. As for self-efficacy they recognized the importance of compliance to diet regimen but they thought the diet therapy was very difficult and were not very willing to follow it. They felt medical professionals, especially doctors, were influential for the therapies. However they frequently felt counselling provided by doctors was insufficient in time and content and led to attitude problems. They felt support from families and others was often insufficient and inadequate. Nutrition education fostering outcome expectation, social support, and self-efficacy is needed to increased compliance. The most influential referents were medical professional including doctors, nurses, dieticians, so their role in diet therapy should by emphasized.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.230-233
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• 2011

Chronic disease is linked to patient's' lifestyle. Therefore, doctor has to monitor his/her patient over time. This may involve reviewing many reports, finding any changes, and modifying several treatments. One solution to optimize the burden is using a visualizing tool over time such as a timeline-based visualization tool where all reports and medicine are integrated in a problem centric and time-based style to enable the doctor to predict and adjust the treatment plan. This solution was proposed by Bui et. al. [2] to observe the medical history of a patient. However, there was limitation of studying the diabetes patient's history to find out what was the cause of the current development in patient's condition; moreover what would be the prediction of current implication in one of the diabetes' related factors (such as fat, cholesterol, or potassium). In this paper, we propose a Grid-based Interactive Diabetes System (GIDS) to support bioinformatics analysis application for diabetes diseases. GIDS used an agglomerative clustering algorithm as clustering correlation algorithm as primary algorithm to focus medical researcher in the findings to predict the implication of the undertaken diabetes patient. The algorithm was Chronological Clustering proposed by P. Legendre [11] [12].

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.39-41
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• 2005

The population of diabetes is continuously increasing because of the economic development and the lifestyle modification. If diabetes become chronic condition, it can cause various complications. Among many other complications, diabetic foot is the most fatal issue since it may require amputation of the legs. Diabetic foot has three different types such as neuropathic, neuro-ischemic and ischemic. Among these types, patients of neuropathic foot experience sensory abnormality. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is used for diagnosing neuropathic foot but this method uses strong electric stimulus to cause severe pain to the patients In this study, two channel photo-plethysmography was used as noninvasive screening tool for distinguish neuropathic foot and normal group by observing blood flow of both finger and toe simultaneously.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 1998

Acute complications of diabetes mellitus were diminished after Banting and Best discovered insulin. But chronic complications of diabetes mellitus have been increased. The main complications of diabetes mellitus are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot lesion and macrovascular complication. These complications can result in renal failure, loss of sight, cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. So it is very difficult to treat the complications of diabetes mellitus. In oriental medicine, the transformations(傳變症) of Sogal(消渴) are edema, carbuncle, loss of sight and so on. The comparative study between the trcmsformations(傳變症) of SogaI(消渴) and the complications of diabetes mellitus has come to the following conclusions. 1. In oriental medicine, diabetic retinopathy was expessed as loss of sight and the treament of diabetic retinopathy should be started at an early stage, to prevent vitreous hemorrhage and traction retinal detachment. 2. In oriental medicine. diabetic nephropathy was expressed as edema and the treatment should be started at an early stage of renal injury when the protein comes from urine.3. Symmetrical distal polyneuropathy is the main part of diabetic neuropathy and it was expressed as weakness of the lower limbs and pain of joints in the symptoms of Haso(下消). In Oriental medicine, acupuncture and herb medicine which effect is SopungHwalHyul can treat polyneuropathy. 4. Chief macrovascular complications are coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, The cause of macrovascular complication is atherosclerosis. So the method of treating atherosclerosis should be studied in oriental medicine. 5. Diabetic foot were expressed as carbuncle and its main causes are decreasing perfusion of fool, diabetic neuropathy and infection. So these causes should be studied in oriental medicine. 6. The complications of diabetes mellitus afe very similar to the transfonnatiuns of Sogal(消渴).The control of blood glucose is indispensable to prevent and delay the complication of diabetes mellitus.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.244-250
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• 2014

Recently, the Diabetes Mellitus is the major cause of death in Korea. According to the results of v 2011, 34% of adult(over 19 years) are diagnosed as a DM and 21.5% of the aging(over 65 years) are also DM. So in this study, we find out the status of DM prevalence among old people and related factors. Using the results, we will suggest several ways to prevent DM. We use Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(2006, version1.2)that those diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. We carried out X2 test and Binary Logistic Regression by IBM SPSS 19. 65~79 ages (p=0.006, OR=1.482), Urban people (p=0.008, OR=1.366), People diagnosed with Hypertension (p<0.001, OR=1.237), have high probability of Diabetes Mellitus. However, Subjective health condition(good) (p=0.005, OR=0.648), Subjective health condition(normal) (p<0.001, OR=0.335), and People diagnosed with Chronic lung disease (p=0.002, OR=0.778) have low probability of diabetes. Based on the study results, politic proposals were disccused.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.377-383
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage has been recognized as one of the major cause of complications in diabetes. Hepatic complications are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetes. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that gamma-tocopherol (GT) supplementation ameliorates NLRP3 inflammasome associated hepatic inflammation in diabetes. MATERIALS/METHODS: Diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg. BW) in ICR mice. All mice were fed with a control diet (AIN-76A). After diabetes was induced (fasting glucose level ${\geq}250mg/dL$), the mice were treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil or GT-supplemented (35 mg/kg) corn oil, respectively, by gavage for 2 weeks. RESULTS: GT supplementation reduced fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice relative to non-treated diabetic mice. Moreover, GT supplementation ameliorated hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage by regulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome associated inflammation represented by NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain, caspase-1, nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ pathway as well as oxidative stress demonstrated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1, catalase and glutathione-dependent peroxidase in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that GT supplementation ameliorated hepatic damage by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, GT could be a beneficial nutrient that can ameliorate inflammatory responses associated with NLRP3 inflammasome in hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2007

Diabetes mellitus can cause devastating complications, which often result in disability and death, and diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of death in people with diabetes. In this study, we tried to predict the onset of diabetic nephropathy from an irregular and unbalanced diabetic dataset. We collected clinical data from 292 patients with type 2 diabetes and performed preprocessing to extract 184 features to resolve the irregularity of the dataset. We compared several feature selection methods, such as ReliefF and sensitivity analysis, to remove redundant features and improve the classification performance. We also compared learning methods with support vector machine, such as equal cost learning and cost-sensitive learning to tackle the unbalanced problem in the dataset. The best classifier with the 39 selected features gave 0.969 of the area under the curve by receiver operation characteristics analysis, which represents that our method can predict diabetic nephropathy with high generalization performance from an irregular and unbalanced dataset, and physicians can benefit from it for predicting diabetic nephropathy.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives : In this paper, lung atrophy syndrome[肺痿] in 『Huangdineijin(黃帝內經)』 and 『Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略)』 were compared, followed by examining its relation with upper wasting thirst[上消]. Also, ways in which psychological factors that contribute to lung atrophy syndrome could cause upper wasting thirst were studied. Methods : Verses from 『金匱要略·肺痿肺癰咳嗽上氣病脈證治』 and 『素問·痿論』 were analyzed based on various annotators's opinions to determine the cause and mechanism of lung atrophy syndrome and its relationship with upper wasting thirst. Results : In 『Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略)』, lung atrophy syndrome is described as the heat of the upper body entering the lungs to dry it out. The description in 『Suwen(素問)』 differs in that it accompanies atrophy symptoms, but the mechanism is the same. Lung atrophy syndrome in 『Jinguiyaolue』 could come from wasting thirst, while wasting thirst can be accompanied in deficiency caused by chronic lung atrophy syndrome. Heat in the lungs is caused by psychological factors where the person has lost its subject of possession or was unable to attain what was desired. When expanded to include heart atrophy syndrome[心痿] and lung atrophy syndrome[肝痿], the reason for upper wasting thirst could include immense sadness or excessive indulgence in pleasure due to unmet desires. Conclusions : Although diabetes and wasting thirst are not identical, application of wasting thirst pattern differentiation to diabetes treatment and management could lead to tailored treatment of each patient. Moreover, the five zhang pattern differentiation from the 『Suwen(素問)』 could increase treatment efficacy when applied to conditions caused by stress and emotional disorder, which are increasingly playing larger roles in causing wasting thirst, or diabetes.