• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.235-252
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• 2021

The development of information and communication technology and COVID-19 have caused an unusual change in the hotel industry, and the demand for the contactless services such as service robots from hotel customers has surged. Therefore, this study investigates the perception of hotel customers on contactless services by applying a mixed-method analysis. Specifically, this study identified the causal correlations between variables through the structural equation model, and further applied the fuzzy set qualitative comparison analysis to derive patterns of variables that form the intention to use the non-face-to-face services. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that service experience co-creation, palyfulness, personalization, and trust had a significant effect on intention to use through the contactless service use desire. On the other hand, in the results of fuzzy-set qualitative comparison analysis, playfulness was derived as a core factor in all patterns. Based on these analysis results, this study provides academic basis for in-depth understanding of hotel customers' perception of contactless service and specific guidelines for hotel managers on the contactless service strategies in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

This study aims to explore students' epistemic practices and considerations, which are explained as underlying epistemic thoughts that guide their epistemic practices, during argumentation in science classrooms. We also investigated how collaborative reflection facilitated the development of such epistemic considerations. Two seventh-grade classes participated in this study by engaging in argumentation activities and collaborative reflection after classes. A group with students' change in epistemic aspects and the influence of collaborative reflection clearly revealed from their practices was chosen as a focus group. We recorded their class discussions and collaborative reflections with the researchers. Transcriptions of the recordings and checklists we collected during the collaborative reflections were used for analysis. Results showed evident changes in the students' epistemic considerations and practices and four factors facilitating such developments were identified. First, the researcher facilitating the students to recognize each other as collaborators during collaborative reflection led development of epistemic considerations on "audience using the knowledge products." Second, the collaborative reflection facilitated construction of context for peer interactions where the students encouraged each other to participate in the discussion, resulting in the development of other students' epistemic considerations on "justifications in knowledge products." Third, the items provided on the checklists explicitly delineated expectations on their practices in argumentation, also facilitating development of epistemic considerations. Lastly, the students' imitation of the researcher's pattern of discourse facilitated construction of causal explanation and development of epistemic considerations on "nature of the knowledge products." This study will contribute to the construction of strategies that develop students' epistemic considerations and productive epistemic practices in argumentation.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.31-56
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• 2009

As the competition intensifies and the market matures, marketers are more and more concerned with the relationship marketing. Many of the previous researches have pointed out that not all of the consumers are relationship-oriented. But none of the previous research has systematically investigated this issue. This research investigated the relationship among the three concepts: consumers' intrinsic characteristics, perceived importance of relational benefits, and relationship building intention with the salesperson. In this research the perceived importance of relational benefits is treated as mediating variable in the relationship between consumers' intrinsic characteristics and relationship building intention with the salesperson. The conceptual model in this study can be depicted as follows. From the consumers' perspective relational benefits can be defined as "the additional benefits consumers can receive in addition to core services through the long-term relationship with the service provider." And in this study two kinds of relational benefits are adopted by reviewing the previous research: confidence benefits and social benefits. Relational benefit received from the salesperson is very important to predict consumers' relationship building intention with the salesperson. The more relational benefits consumer wants from the salesperson, the more relationship building intention he/she has. From this point two hypotheses are derived as follows. Hypothesis 1: As the perceived importance of confidence benefit from the salesperson increases, the relationship building intention with the salesperson increases. Hypothesis 2: As the perceived importance of social benefit from the salesperson increases, the relationship building intention with the salesperson increases. In this study four individual characteristics(risk taking tendency, variety-seeking tendency, product knowledge, trust orientation) are hypothesized to influence the perceived importance of confidence benefits from the salesperson. And three individual characteristics(interpersonal orientation, price consciousness, trust orientation) are hypothesized to influence the perceived importance of social benefits from the salesperson. These 7 hypotheses are as follows. Hypothesis 3: As the risk taking tendency increases, the perceived importance of confidence benefits from the salesperson decreases. Hypothesis 4: As the variety-seeking tendency increases, the perceived importance of confidence benefits from the salesperson decreases. Hypothesis 5: As the product knowledge increases, the perceived importance of confidence benefits from the salesperson decreases. Hypothesis 6: As the trust orientation increases, the perceived importance of confidence benefits from the salesperson increases. Hypothesis 7: As the interpersonal orientation increases, the perceived importance of social benefits from the salesperson increases. Hypothesis 8: As the price consciousness increases, the perceived importance of social benefits from the salesperson decreases. Hypothesis 9: As the trust orientation increases, the perceived importance of social benefits from the salesperson increases. The whole model in this study can be depicted as follows: Data were collected from the 396 consumers who actually trade stocks through the salesperson and were analyzed using structural equation model. The analysis results show that consumers' perceived importance of relational benefits(confidence benefit and social benefit) play the roles of mediating variables in the causal relationship between consumers' inherent characteristics and their relationship building intention with the salesperson. As for the individual characteristics, the influences of variety-seeking tendency, trust orientation, and price consciousness are statistically significant. It was found that variety-seeking tendency has a significant negative effect on the perceived importance of confidence benefit, and that trust orientation has a significant positive effect on the perceived importance of both of confidence and social benefit. Finally it was also found that, on the contrary to the influence direction suggested in the hypothesis, price consciousness has a significant positive effect on the perceived importance of social benefit.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2002

To identify the effects of preceptorship on teaching effectiveness at clinical nursing education, a group of nursing students who participate in program under the instruction of the preceptors was compared with the other group of nursing students trained by head nurses.The data were collected from 14 Mary. 2001 to 8 June 2001. The subjects of this study were 85 nursing students trained by the preceptors in the G. medical college hospital in Inchon, and 122 nursing students trained by head nurses at several hospitals in Inchon and Puchon, Korea. The scale for measuring the teaching effectiveness and satisfaction of student for clinical practice developed by Kim, Miae and Lee, Sookja were employed as the tool for the study. The data collected were analysed with SPSS on the teaching effectiveness items, then mean value and SD were evaluated. The t-test were also employed to compare the teaching effectiveness and satisfaction of student for clinical practice of the both groups. The relation of teaching effectives and satisfaction of student for clinical practice were analysed with Pearson's correlation coefficient. The following findings were carried out from this study. 1) The group trained by preceptors showed significant higher teaching effectiveness statistically than the group trained by head nurses, scored mean value of 3.46 and 3.04 respectively in the item of teaching effectiveness. 2) The respective item showing high score of teaching effectiveness in both groups was 'smooth and reasonable dealing on the issues occurred in the wards'. But the items of 'help nursing students to familiarize with other staffs quickly'and 'help always at near' showed low scores. 3) For 5 causal factors classified on the teaching effectiveness, the factor of 'professional knowledge and capability' got the highest score, but 'availability as a supporter' showed the lowest score in both groups. 4) The group trained by preceptors showed significant higher students' satisfaction of clinical practice than the group trained by head nurses, scored mean value of 3.54 and 3.17. 5) Total teaching effectives were posive correlation with students' satisfaction of clinical practice significantly (r=0.603)

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.38-48
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• 2017

Finding causes of workers' unsafe behaviors is important to prevent construction accidents because 80 percent of accidents occur by workers' unsafe behaviors. In this regard, this research aims to investigate possible reasons of workers' unsafe behaviors based on workers' cognitive process model using System dynamics. This study is based on two ways of workers' cognitive process which are in relation to hazard perception and failure of hazard perception. Based on existing literature, causal loops for workers' cognitive process are developed to explain workers' habituation by staying out of accidents, safety learning by experience, failure of hazard perception, and attitude change by accidents. The interactions between the developed loops provide managerial insights to reduce workers' unsafe behaviors from a safety manager's perspective including increasing the probability of workers' hazard perception through knowledge management, maintaining workers' positive attitude toward safety, and controlling first-line supervisors to eliminate workers' unsafe behavior. The research allows us to better understand the causes and solutions of workers' unsafe behaviors in workers' cognitive perspectives.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2015

Thus this study looked into existing literature focusing on generalities, and after literature studies, hypothesis was set up to solve the problems in the study. According to literature examination, self employed consulting was found to be comprised of four areas: awareness, reliability, satisfaction, and utilization, while consulting could be divided into four customer perspectives: customer, financial, internal processing, and learning and growth. An empirical study was conducted to verify the causal relationship between these causes, and we describe the findings of the study on the business management performance pursuant to self employed business consulting as follows: In this study, we examine an overall business management performance measurement by adopting the four variables of self employed business consulting, and enhance the chance of success by having systematic access to business establishment. In conclusion, in order to increase the success rate of the small business start-up, it is important to choose such items that fit the founder's experience and the characteristics of the business zone, and a successful founding of a business will be accomplished only when sufficient funding is combined with successful running, therefore, most importantly, striking a balance between the factors should start with the founder as the center, and there must be professional business knowledge and technical assistance by the business start-up support agency.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.599-615
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• 2015

Teachers' philosophies have not been emphasized enough in the current teacher education curriculum even though teacher's philosophy palys a critical role in schools and classrooms. The examination on pre-service teachers' teaching philosophies is necessary to improve teacher education curriculum so that teaching philosophies are often discussed in the courses of 'pedagogical content knowledge' as well as 'general education.' Therefore, the current study investigated 44 pre-service teachers' teaching philosophies, their sub domains, and relationships among the sub domains. The previous studies regarding mathematics teacher's teaching philosophy were more about 'teacher's belief' and employed deductive inference approach using surveys or questionnaires. These studies commonly pointed out that there were three major domains of 'belief on mathematics itself,' 'belief on teaching mathematics,' and 'belief on learning mathematics.' As these three domains of teacher's philosophy has been strengthened, there were very few studies examining the other potential domains of teacher's teaching philosophy. According to the findings of the present study, which employed inductive inference approach and pre-service teachers' free essay writing assignment, 'belief on teacher's role in mathematics classroom,' 'belief on the purpose of mathematics education,' and 'motivation to be a mathematics teacher' were additionally illuminated as sub domains of teacher's teaching philosophy. Moreover, the interrelationship among the sub-areas of teacher's teaching philosophy was disclosed. Specifically, 'belief on the purpose of mathematics education' and 'motivation to be a mathematics teacher' influenced the other sub domains. This implies that the relationships among the sub domains of teacher's teaching philosophy were more likely to be causal and vertical relationships rather than independent and parallel relationships. Finally, the findings from the current study provide implications indicating how pre-service teachers' teaching philosophies might be established in mathematics education courses for future research and education.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.785-797
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• 2010

This study identified the linguistic features of Earth science treatises through the analysis of the register. Data included three Korean treatises that were in geology, atmospheric science, and oceanography. The register of Earth science treatise was as follows: First, there were semantic, referential connections between Themes and Rhemes, that the messages and main points of the texts were expressed coherently and cohesively. Second, some predicates were used which were related to deductive inference, abductive inferences, or causal relation according to the genre elements of each text. The logical relations were not represented by the conjunctions but by the types of predicates. Third, most texts in the treatises showed interpersonally weak relationship using mental predicates related to possibilities, which meant scientists expressed indirectly their interpretation, explanation, or arguments. From these results, we argued that some activities of unpacking the language of science be included in science curriculum in order to improve students' literacy of science texts and understanding scientists' knowledge construction.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.67-79
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• 2013

A meta-analysis is a statistical literature synthesis method that provides the opportunity to view the research context by combining and analyzing the quantitative results of many empirical studies. The technology acceptance model (TAM) has been the subjects of a great deal of MIS research in the last two decades and now also has been continuously studied. Recently, the convergence of knowledge information society and information telecommunication technologies has a rapid impact on politics, economics and various fields. The biggest issue in the information communication and information systems fields is smart. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis research on the behavioral intention of smart phone users based on technology acceptance model. Also, this study was targeted a total of 50 research papers that are setting up the causal relationship in TAM among the research papers published in domestic academic journals since 2005. The result of the meta analysis, showed that the effect size was 0.48 in the path from perceived usefulness to behavioral intention, it showed that the effect size was 0.46 in the path from perceived ease of use to behavioral intention. And, it showed that the effect size was 0.46 in the path from perceived ease of use to perceived usefulness. Also, it showed that the effect size was 0.61 in the path from attitude to behavioral intention. Based on the results, it was discussed the difference through comparative analysis with previous research.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.179-189
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• 2016

Recently, the convergence of knowledge based society and information telecommunication technologies has a rapid impact on politics, economics and various fields. Meta-analysis is a statistical integration method that delivers an opportunity to overview the entire result of integrating and analyzing many quantitative research results. Meta-analysis, can see the direction and size of the relationship between variables using the concept of the effect size. The factor determining behavioral intention of consumer in e-commerce can say that critically dependent variable. In a predictive factor determining behavioral intention is typical that perceived value and perceived risk. We conducted a meta-analysis and review of between perceived value, perceived risk and behavioral intention on e-commerce researches. This study focused a total of 33 research papers that established causal relationships in between perceived value, risk and behavioral intention on e-commerce published in Korea academic journals during 2000 and 2016. The result of the meta-analysis might be summarized that the effect size in the path from the perceived value to the behavioral intention with the effect size (r = .526), listed an explanatory power of 28%. In addition, it showed that the effect size in the path from perceived risk to the behavioral intention with the effect size (r = -.220), listed a negative explanatory power of 5%. Based on these findings, several theoretical and practical implications were suggested and discussed with the difference from previous researches.