• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2004

The purpose of this study were, (1) to analyze the effect of the selected variables on urban housewives' family resource management attitude and behavior, and (2) to identify the casual effects of variables on family resource management behavior. A sample of 641 was selected from housewives living in urban area. For data analysis, one-way ANOVA, DMR test, t-test, multiple regression, and path analysis were used. The major findings were as follows: 1. The housewives' family resource management behavior level was lower than their attitude level. 2. The family resource management attitude and behavior among the respondents were affected by the following independent variables : interest with environmental reports and newspapers, perception of time constraints, perception of economic reward. 3. The family resource management attitude had the greatest causal effect on the family resource management behavior.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between sense of values and clothing image of middle aged women. For this purpose, the subjects of 300 adult women from in their 40's to 50's, living in Daegu area were sampled out by convenient sampling method. The result of this analysis are as follows. 1)a factor analysis identified six different types of sense of value: materialistic, self-respect, relationship-conscious, sensation-conscious, practical, and people-conscious. 2)six different types of clothing image were identified: classy, bold, plain, feminine, casual, and peculiar. 3)the results of multiple regression analysis found that sense of values affected clothing image of middle aged women. This meant that significant relationships existed among these variables and there was a causal relationship between sense of values and clothing image.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.89-105
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to investigate the causal relationships between communication situation - communication apprehension(CA), family communication orientation(FCO), individual viewing motives and perceived realism of aggressive films - and aggression. The data from 193 high school students were analysed by SAS program. The respondents were asked to complete the self-report questionnaires, and the data were analysed by Cronbach's to the reliability, factor analysis, frequencies, percentage, means, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Duncan's multiple test, multiple regression, and path analysis, The results showed that CA was positively related to both aggression against the materials, and potential aggression. FCO had no direct effect on aggression but concept-oriented family affected indirect effect on aggression through viewing motives. The ritualistic motives were more positively related to aggression and identity than instrumental motive.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.107-121
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the level of environmentally conscious consumer behavior and support on the environmental regulation, and (2) to identify the influencing variables and causal relationship. Data were collected from questionnares with 1050 male and female consumers who were in the age of 20∼49 and residents of 6 cities(Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju, Taejoen, Inchon). The major findings were as follows: (1) The level of environmentally conscious behavior was relatively high and differed significantly according to sex, age, education and marital status. (2) The level of support on the environmental regulation measures, consumers' support on the company regulation measures was most strong. (4) Sex, age, marital status, environment awareness and environmentally conscious behavior had positive effects on consumers' support on the environmental regulation directly and indirectly.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.467-467
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• 2012

As the features of recent flood are spatially concentrated, loss of life and property increase by the impact of climate change. In addition to this the public interest in water control information is increased and socially reasonable justification of water control policy is needed. It is necessary to estimate the flood risk in order to let people know the status of flood control and establish flood control policy. For accurate flood risk analysis, we should consider inter-relation between causal factors of flood damage. Hence, flood risk analysis should be applied to interdependence of the factors selected. The Bayesian networks are ideally suited to assist decision-making in situations where there is uncertainty in the data and where the variables are highly interlinked. In this research, to provide more proper water control information the flood risk analysis is performed using the Bayesian networks to handle uncertainty and dependency among 13 specific proxy variables.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2019

Purpose - This study investigates the lead-lag relations between the prices of major commodities imported into Korea and corresponding shipping freight rates. This paper aims to provide implications for cross-market causal relations between related economic segments. Design/Methodology - For economic long-run equilibrium between commodity prices and freights, a Johansen (1988) cointegration test is employed first. Then, Granger (1987) causality tests are performed under the vector error correction model (VECM) framework. Findings - The results indicate that the direction of causality varies by raw materials, which is attributable to different economic mechanisms in the corresponding shipping transportation sectors. In addition, the significance of causality becomes blurred during the post-2008 period. Practical Implication - Corporate managers in commodity trading, steelmaking, power generation, and oil refinery sectors can take advantage of the findings in this study as identifying leading economic indicators can be helpful for decision making in both short- and long-term strategies. Originality/value - This study is the first attempt to analyze the inter-relations between commodity prices and corresponding freight rates focusing on raw material imports of Korea.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2023

Until now, rare disease studies have mainly been carried out by detecting simple variants such as single nucleotide substitutions and short insertions and deletions in protein-coding regions of disease-associated gene panels using diagnostic next-generation sequencing in association with patient phenotypes. However, several recent studies reported that the detection rate hardly exceeds 50% even when whole-exome sequencing is applied. Therefore, the necessity of introducing whole-genome sequencing is emerging to discover more diverse genomic variants and examine their association with rare diseases. When no diagnosis is provided by whole-genome sequencing, additional omics techniques such as RNA-seq also can be considered to further interrogate causal variants. This paper will introduce a description of these multi-omics techniques and their applications in rare disease studies.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2016

Purpose - Many variables are needed for brand loyalty such as brand attitude, brand attachment, brand love and brand commitment. Thus, we should manage these all variables successfully for strong and differentiated brand equity. This study aims to identify the process of how the brand value propositions affect the brand attitude and brand attachment. This study specially conceptualizes that not only utilitarian value and hedonic value influence the brand attitude but also hedonic value influences the brand attachment. This study focuses on the moderating role of consumer involvement such as cognitive involvement and affective involvement in the causal relationships among brand value propositions, brand attitude, and brand attachment. Research design, data, and methodology - The five hypotheses were proposed and tested in this study. Three hypotheses were about the relationship among the brand value propositions(utilitarian value and hedonic value), brand attitude, and brand attachment. The other two hypotheses were about the moderating effect on consumer involvement in the causal relationships among brand value propositions, brand attitude, and brand attachment. Research data were collected from the students of universities located in Daejeon-Si and Chungchungnam-Do. For the purpose of test the hypotheses empirically, the 208 responses were used. We utilized SPSS18.0 for statistical analysis such as reliability test, factor analysis, and regression analysis. Results - The results show that the utilitarian value and hedonic value have influence on the brand attitude positively. The results also show that the hedonic value has influence on the brand attachment positively. We found that there is a moderating effect on the cognitive involvement in the relationship between the utilitarian value and the brand attitude. However, there is no moderating effect on the affective involvement in the relationship between the hedonic value and brand attachment. In Summary, 4 of 5 hypotheses in this study were supported and 1 hypothesis was not supported. We should identify the reason why the hypothesis 5, the moderating effect of the affective involvement in the relationship between the hedonic value and brand attachment, was rejected in this empirical analysis. Conclusions - Both the utilitarian value and the hedonic value that propose a brand are important for brand attitude. Specially, the hedonic value is important for brand attachment. Companies should provide the consumers with both the utilitarian value and the hedonic value in a balanced way for their favorable brand attitude and strong brand attachment. In the retail industry, the balance between the utilitarian value and the hedonic value is important in that there are many product brands and store brands providing consumers with various benefit and values. Also, there are possibilities that the causal relationships among brand value propositions, brand attitude and brand attachment are moderated by consumer involvement such as cognitive involvement and affective involvement. Companies should understand and consider consumer involvement for their efficient and effective brand management decision making.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제81권
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• pp.299-328
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• 2017

본 연구는 소셜미디어에서의 뉴스 정보 수용을 기존의 전통적인 신문기사 형식의 뉴스 읽기와 비교 분석했다. 전통적인 신문기사 읽기 조건과 비교할 때 소셜미디어를 통한 뉴스 전달은 대화저널리즘 양식으로 이뤄진다고 보았으며 이러한 양식의 차이가 뉴스 정보의 기억과 구성에 어떤 차이를 만들어내는지를 유사실험을 통해 관찰했다. 실험에서는 동일한 내용의 가상의 기사를 전통적인 신문기사 형식과 소셜미디어의 대화체 이야기 정보 방식으로 제작해 신문기사 조건과 소셜미디어 조건에 활용했다. 뉴스의 이해 정도를 정보 기억(전체 내용 기억, 주요 내용 기억, 내용을 틀리게 기억한 정도, 부가적인 정보의 기억, 사실 정보 획득)과 구성(인과관계 기억)의 두 가지 측면에서 관찰했다. 분석결과, 신문기사 조건은 소셜미디어 조건보다 정보 기억에서 더 뛰어났다. 전체 내용의 기억 정도, 주요 내용을 기억한 정도, 부가적인 정보를 기억한 정도, 사실 정보 획득 등에서 신문기사 조건이 우세했으며, 내용을 틀리게 기억한 정도는 소셜미디어 조건이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 인과관계 기억의 경우, 일반적 인과관계를 기억하는 정도는 소셜미디어 조건이 더 뛰어났지만 해당 기사에 특정한 인과관계를 기억하는 정도는 신문기사 조건이 소셜미디어 조건보다 유의미하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 전통적인 신문기사 형식이 뉴스 내용을 이해하는 데 도움이 됨을 시사하고 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

Purpose - This study analyzes the relationship and dynamic interactions between stock price index, interest rate, price index, and housing price indices using Korean monthly data from 2000 to 2013, based on a VAR model. This study also examines Granger causal relationships among these variables in order to determine whether the time series of one is useful in forecasting another, or to infer certain types of causal dependency between stochastic variables. Research design, data, and methodology - We used Korean monthly data for all variables from 2000: M1 to 2013: M3. First, we checked the correlations among different variables. Second, we conducted the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the co-integration test using the VAR model. Third, we employed Granger Causality tests to quantify the causal effect from time series observations. Fourth, we used the impulse response function and variance decomposition based on the VAR model to examine the dynamic relationships among the variables. Results - First, stock price Granger affects interest rate and all housing price indices. Price index Granger, in turn, affects the stock price and six metropolitan housing price indices. However, none of the Granger variables affect the price index. Therefore, it is the stock markets (and not the housing market) that affects the housing prices. Second, the impulse response tests show that maximum influence on stock price is its own, and though it is influenced a little by interest rate, price index affects it negatively. One standard deviation (S.D.) shock to stock price increases the housing price by 0.08 units after two months, whereas an impulse shock to the interest rate negatively impacts the housing price. Third, the variance decomposition results report that the shock to the stock price accounts for 96% of the variation in the stock price, and the shock to the price index accounts for 2.8% after two periods. In contrast, the shock to the interest rate accounts for 80% of the variation in the interest rate after ten periods; the shock to the stock price accounts for 19% of the variation; however, shock to the price index does not affect the interest rate. The housing price index in 10 periods is explained up to 96.7% by itself, 2.62% by stock price, 0.68% by price index, and 0.04% by interest rate. Therefore, the housing market is explained most by its own variation, whereas the interest rate has little impact on housing price. Conclusions - The results of the study elucidate the relationship and dynamic interactions among stock price index, interest rate, price index, and housing price indices using VAR model. This study could help form the basis for more appropriate economic policies in the future. As the housing market is very important in Korean economy, any changes in house price affect the other markets, thereby resulting in a shock to the entire economy. Therefore, the analysis on the dynamic relationships between the housing market and economic variables will help with the decision making regarding the housing market policy.