• 응용통계연구
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2023

기존의 많은 연구에서 도시공원을 비롯한 녹지와 유아 행복감 간에 유의미한 상관관계를 도출했다. 또한 이를 통해 간접적으로 도시공원의 면적/근접성이 유아기의 행복감 증진에 효과가 있을 것이라 유추하였다. 하지만 관찰된 자료를 통한 인과효과 추정은 교란 변수의 적절한 조정을 필요로하고, 이런 관점에서 도시공원의 면적과 유아 행복감의 인과관계는 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국아동패널 자료를 이용하여 도시공원의 면적이 유아 행복감에 미치는 영향에 대한 인과효과를 추정하였다. 교란 변수를 조정하기 위한 방법으로 회귀 모형을 이용한 조정(regression adjustment), 가중치 기법(weighting), 그리고 매칭(matching) 등을 이용하였고, 각 방법들의 중요 개념을 분석 결과에 앞서 기술하였다. 교란 변수의 선택에 있어서 유향 비순환 그래프(directed acyclic graph)를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 기존의 상관관계를 이용한 결론과는 다르게 도시공원의 면적과 유아 행복감 간에는 유의미한 인과효과가 존재하지 않았다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate causal relation and the influence of socially reponsible atitude and behavior of consumer. In an analysis of causal effect on the socially responsible attitude and behavior of consumer, the most influential variables on the socially responsible behavior of consumer was the socially responsible attitude. And house pattern, altruism, liberalism, dogmatism, perceived consumer effectiveness, environmental concern, faith on the consumer regulation policy, and neutral information had effect on the socially responsible behavior of consumer directly and indirectly.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the causal relationships of attitude toward fish eating, health involvement, convenience, fish consumption and age. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. Structural equation model was used to assess the causal relationships among constructs. Results of the study demonstrated that the structural equation analysis result for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The influences of age on health involvement and convenience were statistically significant. The influences of health involvement on attitude toward fish eating and fish consumption behavior were statistically significant. The influence of convenience on fish consumption behavior were statistically significant. Moreover, the age had a significant indirect effect on attitude toward fish eating through health involvement. The age also had a significant indirect effect on fish consumption behavior through convenience.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigates causal relationships among brand experience, perceived value and brand support behavior in both Chinese and Korean consumers, and also examines the moderating effects of interaction with customers in the relationships between brand experience and perceived value. Research design, data and methodology: Three research were presented and examined empirically in this study. First research question is about relationships among brand experience, perceived value and brand support behavior. Second is about the moderating role of interaction with customers and third is about the differences in the causal relationships between China consumers and Korean consumers. A total of 377 samples who had visited theme parks in China and Korea were surveyed. Results: Sensory experience, emotional experience, and cognitive experience have significant causal relationships with perceived value in Both Chinese and Korean consumers. Perceived value has a positive effect on brand support behavior and interaction with customer has a moderating effect between brand experience variables and perceived value in Both Chinese and Korean consumers. Second, the causal relationship between behavioral experience and perceived value is not significant in Both Chinese and Korean consumers. Third, there were significant differences in the effects of emotional experience and cognitive experience on perceived value between Chinese consumers and Korean consumers. Conclusions: Managers of theme park industry should design experience programs considering various brand experience variables for both Chines consumers and Korean consumers. Second, it is necessary to raise the level of customer interaction between employees and customers.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.653-660
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among such variables as moral concerns for animals, meat texture, meat color, satiety from meat, disgust with meat and pork consumption. A total of 250 questionnaires were completed. Structural equation models were used to measure the causal effects of the constructs. The study outcomes demonstrated that the structural analysis results of the data were an excellent model fit. The effects of moral concerns for animals, meat texture and satiety from meat on the disgust with meat were statistically significant. As expected, disgust with meat had a significant effect on pork consumption. Moreover, moral concerns for animals and satiety from meat had a significant indirect effect on pork consumption through disgust with meat. Also, satiety from meat alone had a significant indirect effect on pork consumption through disgust with meat. By developing and testing conceptual models that integrated the relationships among ideational variables, sensory affective variables, anticipated consequences variables, emotional variables, and behavioral variables, this study may approach a deeper understanding of the complex relationships among pork consumption-related variables. A greater understanding of these complex relationships can improve the managerial diagnosis of problems as well as opportunities for different marketing strategies, including pork production and pork product development, and marketing communications.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 국내의 지진자료를 이용하여 지진특성을 추정하기 전에 적용할 수 있는 사전자료처리기법을 종합적으로 검토하였다. 사전처리 기법으로는 계기보정, 센서검교정상태 확인, 윈도우에 의한 스펙트럼 왜곡 최소화, non-causal ringing에 의한 초동 왜곡 보정 기법을 분석하였으며, 자료 선택시 주파수 영역의 S/N비 확인 및 포화된 자료의 사용가능성 여부를 제시하였다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.17-44
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• 1987

The study examined the characteristics of the relationship of home environment variables and children's social development. Two studies were conducted ; Study I examined (1) the correlation of home environment variables and children's social ability and (2) the predictability of home environment variables for children's social ability by children's age. Study II investigated the causal relationship among the variables which are supposed to affect children's social ability. The subjects of this study were 240 children at age four, six and eight attending nursery schools, kindergartens and elementary schools and their mothers. Instruments included the Inventory of Home Stimulation (HOME), the Inventory of Sociodemographic Variables, social maturation scale, and the social-emotional developmental rating scale. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) Home environment variables had a positive correlation with children's social development at age four and six, but at age eight, only HOME variables had a significant positive correlation with children's social development. 2) The home environmental variables that significantly predicted children's social development differed according to children's age. That is, play materials, economic status of the home, and parent education were predictive of children's social development at age four, while parent's education, fostering maturity and independence, and play materials were predictive at age six. Fostering maturity and independence, aspects of physical environment, and economic status of the home were predictive at age eight. 3) The causal model of home environment effect on children's social development was formulated by exogenous variables (parent education and economic status of the home) and endogenous variables (direct stimulation, indirect stimulation and the emotional climate of the home). 4) The results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the variables that have a direct effect on children's social development differed according to children's age. That is, direct stimulation had more effect on children's social development at earlier ages, and indirect stimulation had more effect on children's social development at later ages. Among socio-demographic variables, parent's education was most closely related to children's social development. The amount of variance that explained children's social development decreased with increase in children's age.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to decompose the effect of resources of natural parks(NP) on user's satisfaction to answer the research question: What are the causal effects of resources of natural parks on user\ulcorner After reviewing the literature, classification of resources of NP, various approaches and analysis methods employed, we constructed the conceptual framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. We had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed 414 visitors at 6 of the 73 NP in Korea in 2001, based on a stratified sampling method. We have analyzed the data using descriptive statistical methods, Pearson's correlation analysis, and a path analysis method. We found that 1) While the indirect effect of topographical feature and valley(TFV), socio-cultural resources(SCR), and climate, sound, and scent(CSS) turned out to be 2.75, 1.20, and 2.00 times higher than that of wild animal and plant(WAP), the direct effect of TFV, SCR, and landscape turned out to be 2.95, 2.88, and 2.64 times higher than that of CSS, 2) The magnitude of causal effects of the three exogeneous variables of TFV, WAP, and SCR and two intervening variables of CSS and landscape on User's satisfaction turned out to be 0.403, 0.048, 0.323, 0.188, and 0.243, respectively, 3) Total direct effect of the exogeneous and intervening variables on user's satisfaction is 0.871, while that of indirect effect is 0.334, and 4) Causal effect of tangible resources is 1.80 times higher than that of intangible while total effect of tangible resources are 1.36 times higher than that of intangible. The research results suggest that 1) Criteria for designation and maintenances of NP and results of previous studies on resources turned out to be unreliable and distorted, 2) In the criteria of planning and maintenance of NP, intangible resources must be included, 3) Remedial directions to increase user's satisfaction should be focused on maintenance of TFV and landscape in NP, and 4) The approach and path analysis adopted by this research is valid and highly useful for other resource based recreation area. It is recommended that more empirical study on seasonal variation of resources in NP based user's preference be performed in the future.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2009

With the rapid development of information technology, e-learning is growing in corporate. However, there are still problems in learning, such as low learning persistence rate. Learning outcomes are complex phenomenon influenced by a multitude of factors, it is need to considering the direct and indirect causal relationship among various factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop the causal model that explains the learning outcomes (satisfaction learning persistence) in corporate e-learning. This study was also intended to examine the causal relationship between the interaction and learning persistence through satisfaction mediators. For this, online survey was conducted with a sample of 270 learners who enrolled in cyber training course at A company. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, internality (internal locus of control, ${\beta}=.154$), interaction (${\beta}=.489$), satisfaction (${\beta}=.304$) have direct effect on learning persistence. Second, the interaction has direct effect on the satisfaction (${\beta}=.320$). Third, the satisfaction has direct effect on the learning persistence, and mediating the interaction and learning persistence. This result will contribute to build a learning strategy to improve learning outcomes.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how software policy shows the moderating effects between organizational capability maturity and organizational performance. The software policy includes the proportions of development personnel and development budget that can affect organizational performance. It is important to empirically identify whether the ratios of budget and personnel, which are some of the main policy indexes of the organization can promote the causal relationship between organizational maturity and organizational performance. These personnel and budget may be assumed to affect the causal relationship between organizational capability maturity and organizational performance. The results of this study shows that the moderating effects of software policy are partially proved. The two policy indexes, personnel ratio and budget ratio, showed a moderating effect between process implementation and organizational performance, but did not show any moderating effect between quantitative management and organizational performance. This is because the companies participating in the survey are still in the early stages of quantitative process management and quantitative management does not show the differentiated results among the participating organizations. The significance of this study is as follows. In the academic aspect, the causal relationship between organizational maturity and organizational performance was examined empirically, and it was analyzed whether the two adopted policy indicators have a moderating effect between organizational maturity and organizational performance. On the practical side, the analysis suggested that the ratios of budget and personnel emphasized by the government or organization played a role of facilitating the organizational maturity and organizational performance.