• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1993

Electrical or chemical stimulation of many areas in the brainstem modulates activity of dorsal horn neurons (DHN). This is known to be mediated by a population of bulbospinal neurons. Yet, little is known about responses of DHNs to stimulation of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Thus, the purpose of the present study is to see if there is any change in activity of DHNs when CVLM is stimulated electrically. Thirty-one DHNs were recorded from dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Fourteen DHNs (45%) were classified as wide dynamic range neurons and 9 (19%) were high threshold cells, and 4 (13%) and 4 (13%) were deep and low threshold neurons, respectively. Among 31 neurons tested for responses to stimulation of CVLM, 21 DHNs (68%) were inhibited by the electrical stimulation of CVLM ($200{\mu}A,\;100{\mu}s$ duration, 100 Hz), and 9 cells (39%) did not show any change in neuronal activity. One neuron was excited by the stimulation. The electrical stimulation of CVLM not only inhibited spontaneous activity of DHNs but also inhibited evoked responses of DHNs to somatic stimulation in the receptive field. These data suggest that CVLM is one of the pain-modulatory areas that control transmission of ascending information of noxious input to the brain from the spinal cord.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

The fused and deformed lumbar vertebrae (L) of Thoroughbred horses were observed macroscopically. Results revealed five L in two cases, and six L in three cases. In two cases, the last two lumbar vertebrae were fused with each other. One case of the fused lumbar vertebra was observed in a horse with five L and the other in that with six L. In one case, the facet of second last lumbar vertebra was articulated with its anterior lumbar vertebra. On the other hand, four cases had the caudal border on the lateral tip of the lumbar transverse process partially overlapped with the cranial border of the following lumbar transverse process. In these cases, cranial and caudal tubers were formed on the overlapped part of the lumbar transverse process.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2016

2015년 8월, 우리나라 제주도 남부 및 북부 연안 조수웅덩이에서 Abudefduf septemfasciatus 3개체가 처음 채집되었다. 본 종은 가슴지느러미 기점 위, 꼬리자루 위 및 2번째와 4번째 등지느러미 극조 사이에 검은 반점이 있고 등지느러미 전방 비늘은 눈의 중앙을 지나며, 등지느러미 및 뒷지느러미 연조는 12~13개, 측선비늘은 20개이다. 본 종은 줄자돔과 등지느러미 및 뒷지느러미 연조수, 꼬리자루 반점 위치 및 등지느러미 반점 위치에서 차이를 보인다. 본 종의 새로운 국명으로 '일곱줄자돔'을 제안한다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-2
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• 2018

Theoretically, panfacial bone fractures involve all three areas of the face: frontal bone, midface, and mandible. In practice, when two out of these three areas are involved, the term "panfacial bone fracture" has been applied. We can use physical examination, simple radiologic examination, and computed tomography study for diagnosis. Linear fracture are treated by conservative treatment. But, most of panfacial bone fracture patients need to be treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Facial width is most important thing that we need to care during operation. There are many ways about sequence like "top to bottom," "bottom to top," "outside to inside," or "inside to outside" and the authors prefer "top to bottom" and "outside to inside" ways. The authors apply arch bar from the first of surgery and then, set frontal bone fracture, midface fracture and mandible fracture in sequence. Usually, we remove the stitches for 5 days after surgery and the intraoral stitch removed after 2 weeks. Usually arch bar is going to be removed 4 weeks after surgery. We could get acceptable results with the above way.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2012

During a study of harpacticoid copepods from Korea, one species of the family Orthopsyllidae was found by rinsing macroalgae collected from the intertidal and subtidal zones at Hangaechang, Munseum Islet in Jeju Island of Korea. The Orthopsyllus is closely related to Orthopsyllus linearis curvaspinata Mielke, 1993, however it is distinguished from the original description by the combined characters of slightly slender caudal seta V in the female, relatively short and ovoid caudal ramus, the seta formula of P3, and the length of P2 and P4 endopod in the male. Since Orthopsyllus linearis (Claus, 1866) is notorious for its incomplete previous descriptions and therefore its polymorphic status, it is premature to fix the status of present Orthopsyllus species from Korea, without the detailed comparative study among the congeners. However due to the urgent need for the report of the genus in the region, we report this species as Orthopsyllus linearis (Claus, 1866) like but different one within the genus: Orthopsyllus cf. linearis (Claus,1866). This is the first report of the genus Orthopsyllus for the first time in Korea.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix (Panax ginseng C.A. MEY.), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (Zizyphus spinosa HU.) and Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (Rehmannia glutinosa LIBOSCH.) on the serotonin- immunoreactivity cells in the Caudal raphe nuclei, Rostal raphe nuclei and hippocampus of the mouse brain. Methods : The mice were stressed by restraining for one hour and treated with herbal medicine by oral feeding. The mice were killed after one hour and observed by electron microscope after immunohistochemical staining. Results : In the caudal raphe nuclei of the medulla oblongata, the highest number of 5-HT immunoreactivity cells were observed at the Zizyphi Spinosae Semen-treated group, while the lowest level among the herbs treatment group was shown at the Ginseng Radix group. In the hippocampus, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were expressed significantly at the CA3 area while the lowest level of it was shown at the control group. In the midbrain, immunoreactive cells were expressed higher than other groups, while observed at the lowest level in the control group. Conclusions : The extracts of Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat and Ginseng Radix show a certain degree of effect on the change of serotonin immunoreactive neurons as an index of nerve disorder.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

This study investigated the anatomy of the nutrient foramen (NF) in German Shepherds by recording the number, site, position, and direction of penetration of the nutrient canal (NC) in the humerus, radius, and ulna of 50 individuals. The site index of the nutrient foramen (SI) was calculated as the ratio of the length to the NF site from the proximal end to the greatest length of the bone. The NF diameter was measured using different sized needles. Most humeri had only one NF on the caudal surface, particularly on the lateral supracondylar crest, or distal cranial surface. All radii had one NF, usually on the caudal surface, while most ulnae had one NF located on either the cranial or lateral surfaces. The SI and NF diameters were 58.0~59.5% and 0.73~0.78 mm in the humerus, 30.4~30.9% and 0.74~0.76 mm in the radius, and 29.3~29.8% and 0.67~0.68 mm in the ulna, respectively. With the exception of the relatively proximal NF of the radius, the direction of penetration followed Berard's rule. This study provides novel information on the location and diameter of the NF and direction of the NC in the long bones of the pectoral limb of German Shepherds.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

A new species of the genus Farranula Wilson, 1942 (Cyclopoida, Corycaeidae) is described based on both sexes collected off Chuuk Island in Micronesia (West Central Pacific). The new species F. dahlae differs from its close congener F. gibbula (Giesbrecht, 1891) in the following combination of characters in both sexes: body length is longer, length to width ratio of caudal rami is larger, basal element of maxilliped is distinctly longer, and terminal spine to distal segment ratio of P4 is smaller; while in females, lateral margins of fourth pedigerous somite are extended to mid-region of second urosomal somite, maximum width of the second urosomal somite is located at middle region in dorsal and lateral views, and length ratio of caudal seta III to seta V is much larger; and in males, sharply contracted portion of second somite is located at two-thirds distance from anterior margin. Some additional morphological details of F. gibbula are given and a key to species of the genus Farranula is provided.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.88-90
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• 2020

A one year old spayed female Bichon Frise dog presented with gait abnormalities and seizure. Serum biochemical results showed elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and ammonia. Serum bile acid level was also increased to be over 30 μmol/L on preprandial. Urinalysis identified the presence of ammonium urate crystal. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT revealed aberrant, tortuous, and multiple small vessels connected to the caudal vena cava between left kidney and caudal vena cava. Macroscopic specific findings associated with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts (PSS) or other liver diseases were not identified. Liver biopsy was performed. Histopathologic evaluation revealed hepatic lobular hypoplasia with portal arterial duplication and vascular shunts. Based on these finding, this case was diagnosed as multiple acquired PSS secondary to hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD) and hepatic encephalopathy. A liver biopsy is recommended to differentiate HMD from other liver diseases and to confirm HMD when a young dog has multiple acquired PSS.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.361-368
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• 1993

The midbrain periaqueductal gray is a midline structure that encircles the mesencephalic aqueduct of midbrain and plays an important role in anaglgesia and modulation of nociceptive input to the central nervous system. It has been demonstrated that the periaqueductal gray contains several neuropeptides including neurotensin, which has been postulated antinociceptive effect to the periaqueductal gray. The present study was performed to provide immunohistochemical localization of neurotensin of midbrain periaqueductal gray in the Korean native goat by using immunohistochemical method. Neurotensin-like immunireactive neurons were localized throughout the midbrain periaqueductal gray, although more immunoreactive neurons were present in the middle and caudal parts of periaquductal gray than the rostral part. Dense neurotensin-like immunoreactive neurons were much more numerous in the ventral lateral division of the mid- and caudal periaqueductal grays. Neurotensin-like immunoreactive neurons were much larger and more prominent near the external margin of the gray than in the juxta-aqueductal region. Neurotensin-like immunoreactive fibers were observed as short processes extending from immunoreactive cells and some small immunoreactive puncta and varicose-like fibers were also seen.