• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2015

This study was carried out to assess bioenergy conversion efficiency by biogas and solid fuel production in the cattle feedlot manure discharged from beef cattle barn. Feedlot manure was sampled from the cattle farmhouse located in Yong-in, Gyeonggi during the mid-fattening stage, periodically. The chemical characteristics, BMP (Biochemical methane potential) and HV (Heating values) of feedlot cattle manures were analyzed. Total solid contents of cattle feedlot manure were in the range of 29.98~44.28%, and volatile solid contents were in the range of 23.53~24.47%. In the anaerobic digestion of cattle feedlot manure, the methane production potential has increased from 0.141 to $0.187Nm^3kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$. The methane production of fresh cattle feedlot manure showed the range $0.141{\sim}0.187Nm^3kg^{-1}$-Manure (average $0.047Nm^3kg^{-1}$-Manure), the LHVs (lower heating values) of the produced methane were in the range of $316{\sim}560kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $400kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure). In the direct combustion of fresh cattle feedlot manure, the LHVs were measured in the range of $747{\sim}1,271kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $916kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure), and LHVs of solid fuel which have the water content of 20% were in the range of $2,694{\sim}2,876kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure (average $2,791kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure). Then, the drying energy of average $443kcalkg^{-1}$-Manure was consumed in the production of solid fuel which has a water content of 20%. Therefore, the direct combustion of cattle feedlot manure showed about 2.3 times higher LHV than the LHV of methane produced by anaerobic digestion. And LHV of solid fuel was about 6.0 times higher than the LHV of methane produced by anaerobic digestion. Then, the production of solid fuel presented more bioenergy conversion efficiency than the biogas production in the bioenergy use of cattle feedlot manure.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2010

Cattle feedlot manure could be used effectively as the solid fuel for heating of agricultural facilities. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the thermal and physicochemical characteristics of solid fuel extruded with cattle feedlot manure. Calorific values of the solid fuel extruded with cattle feedlot manure, which was dried to the moisture contents of 0.0% (w.b) and 35.0% (w.b,) were 14,906 kJ/kg and 11,797 kJ/kg, respectively. Calorific value of extruded solid fuel was linearly decreased with the increase of moisture content. The first, second, and third reaction point during thermal pyrolysis of solid fuels extruded with cattle feedlot manure was investigated as $108.1^{\circ}C$, $312.2^{\circ}C$, and $459.4^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximum reaction point was presented at the temperature of $312.2^{\circ}C$. Weight loss of extruded cattle feedlot manure during thermal pyrolysis until $600^{\circ}C$ was reached to about 60%. Volume decrease of initial extruded cattle feedlot manure was 61% during drying for the use as solid fuel. Maximum strength of extruded cattle feedlot manure, which was dried as the moisture content of 10% (w.b.) was 41,9150 N/$m^2$. Ignition gas analysis of extruded cattle feedlot manure presented that it has small amount of $NO_x$ and $SO_x$. It was shown that dried cattle feedlot manure had main components of C and O including small amount of Mg, Si, and Ca.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2001

To establish the recycling system of animal manure(AM) for environmental preservation and improve the utilization of AM, this study was to investigate the effects of the types and nitrogen application rate of AM on herbage productivity, efficiency of nitrogen utilization, nutritive value and an increase of soil fertility and in mixed grassland. This sudy was arranged in split plot design. Main plots were the types of AM(Cattle feedlot manure, CFM; Pig manure fermented with sawdust, PMFS; cattle sluny, CS) and subplots were the application rate of animal manure, such as 100, 200 and 300kgNiha. I. DM yields of herbage were the highest with CS and decreased by application over ZOOkgNiha AM. 2. Crude protein(CP) ontent was the highest with CFM and followed by CS, and the lowest with PMFS, and increased as application rate of AM increased. 3. Nitrogen(N) yields of CS treatment was higher than that of CFM and CS. and increased significantly as application rate of AM increased(P<0.05). 4. The contents of NDF, ADF and TDN was hardly influenced by the types and application rate of AM. 5. Organic matter(0M) content in the soil was the highest with PMFS and followed by CFM and the lowest with CS. OM content increased significantly as application rate of AM increased(P<0.05). 6. Total nitrogen content of the soil was not affected by the type of AM, but increased significantly as application rate of AM increased(P<0.05). (Key words : Animal manure, Grassland, Cattle feedlot manure, Pig manure fermented with sawdust, Cattle slurry, Soil fertility)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.22.1-22.15
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• 2016

Background: Dietary manipulation is a common practice to mitigate gaseous emission from livestock production facilities, and the variation of fat level in the diet has shown great influence on ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) and enteric methane generation. The changes in dietary fat levels influence rumen chemistry that could modify manure nutrient composition along with odor and gaseous emissions from manure management facilities. Methods: A field experiment was carried out on beef cattle feedlots to investigate the effect of four levels of dietary fat concentrations (3 to 5.5 %) on the manure composition and gaseous emissions (methane-$CH_4$, nitrous oxide-$N_2O$, carbon dioxide-$CO_2$ and hydrogen sulfide-$H_2S$) from the feedlot pen surface. The experiment was carried out over a 5-month period from June to October during North Dakota's summer-fall climatic condition. Air and manure sampling was conducted five times at a 20-30 day intervals. Results: Overall, this research indicated that fat levels in diet have no or little effect on the nutrient composition of manure and gaseous emission from the pens with cattle fed with different diet. Though significant variation of gaseous emission and manure composition were observed between different sampling periods, no effect of high fat diet was observed on manure composition and gaseous emission. Conclusions: It can be concluded that addition of fat to animal diet may not have any impact on gaseous emission and manure compositions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2010

Recently, fallow paddy land located in the mid-mountain area (FPL) due to a decrease in rice consumption has increased in some regions of our country. So, grasses and forage crops available for years in once sowing should be introduced in FPL. This study was conducted to develop the technique for cultivation of grasses and forage crops using animal manure in FPL The field experiments were carried out from 2007 to 2009 on FPL at Kumsan, Chungbuk province in Korea. Cattle feedlot manure (CFM) was prepared by mixing feces and urine of cattle with rice straw in cattle feedlot for 6 months. The experimental plots were consisted of four treatments; tall fescue-based mixed pasture applied with chemical fertilizer (Control), mono-tall fescue pasture (MTFP), tall fescue-based mixed pasture (TFBMP), mono-Perennial ryegrass (MPR-FCM), mono-Italian ryegrass (MIR-FCM), mono-Red clover (MRC-FCM) and mono-Reed canarygrass (MRCG-FCM) applied with FCM. The field of tall fescue-based pasture had been sown with a grasses mixture containing 'Fawn' tall fescue, 'potomac' orchardgrass, 'Reveille' Perennial ryegrass, and 'kenblue' Kentuky bluegrass, 'Kenland' Red clover. Seeding rates were 16, 6, 4, 2 and $2\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. DM yields of forages and rates of grass coverage was higher in MTFP, TFBMP and MRCG-FCM as compated with control treatment. This result means that FPL has contained with favorable conditions for growing grass, because forage productivity is more than 15 tons per ha per year in fallow paddy land. In addition, the farmer can save the trouble of repeated plowing and sowing every year, due to the introduction of perennial grasses. The farmer must conduct the re-seeding and induce the improvement of management methods for the elevation of the persistence of red clover and perennial ryegrass, because both red clover and perennial ryegrass having high nutritive value and palatability was less persistent. Therefore, we suggest that FPL may be the good land for forage production utilizing FCM and FCM can be applied on FPL without any negative effects on DM production and the property of soil. FPL of Korea can be better utilized by applying FCM to the mono and/or mixed swards.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the type and application season of animal manure (AM) on herbage productivity, efficiency of nitrogen utilization in mixed grassland. Main plots were the types of AM, such as cattle feedrot manure (CFM), swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and cattle slurry (CS). Subplots were the seasons of AM application. such as application in autumn or in spring as single dressing. and application in autumn and spring as a 50:50 split dressing. The results obtained where summarized as follows ; 1. Herbage productivity and nutritive value were hardly influenced by type and application season of AM. 2. Nitrogen efficiency of CFM and CS was lower than that of SMFWS. 3. Organic matter (OM) content in the soil was not significantly different by the type and application season of AM. OM content among AM treatments was the highest with CFM and the lowest with CS. 4. Nitrogen content of the soil was hardly influenced by the type and application season of AM and not affected by the interaction between the type and application season of AM.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.191-202
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• 2001

Experiments were conducted on established grassland sward at Gongiam, Kwangju, and Kyung-gi in Korea from 1995 to 1997. The influence of mineral-N fertilizer or animal manure(AW) on herbage dry matter(DM) yield, N yield, the recovery of AM-N, and soil N and organic matter(0M) content in the mixed sward('potomac' orchardgrass, 'fawn' tall fescue, and 'kenblue' Kentuky bluegrass) was investigated. The treatments were replicated three times in a split plot block design. AM(the main plots) was applied at 200kg N ha ' year ' on each plot. The types of AM were cattle feedlot manure(CFM), pig manure fermented with sawdust(PMFS) and Korea native cattle slurry(KNCS). Three levels of mineral-N fertilizer, as urea, ranging from 0 to 200kg N $ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$ in 100kg increments, were superimposed on each plot. The fertilizers and AM were applied in two equal dressings(the end of March and middle of November). AM and mineral fertilizer had significant effects(p<0.05) on herbage DM and N yields. Herbage yields in KNCS were higher than those in CFM and PMFS(p

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.354-361
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• 2008

In this study, we analyzed nutrient cycling structure of a small farm (cattle of 100 heads and arable lands of 2.5 ha) in Jeonnam province to investigate the effects of nutrients input by the addition of bedding materials (sawdust and rice hull) and nutrients loss before the application to the soils (the period during manure storage in the feedlot and composting process) on nutrient cycling structure. Sawdust and rice hull added as bedding materials increased N by 1.6% and 14.2% and $P_2O_5$ by 3.1% and 27.4%, respectively, relative to the amount of nutrients produced by excretion. This result suggests that the addition of nutrients via bedding materials should be considered for better estimation of nutrient balance. The most significant characteristics of the nutrient cycling structure was loss of mass and nutrients during the storage (21 days) and composting period (90 days). During this period, 78.4% of N and 9.5% of $P_2O_5$ was lost from sawdust compost; meanwhile, the percentages of loss for rice hull compost were 81.6% and 10.3%, respectively. A lower percentage of nutrients loss in sawdust compost than that in rice hull compost was attributed to the relatively slow decomposition rate of organic materials in the sawdust compost which has higher C/N ratio and lignin contents. Therefore, it was concluded that estimation of nutrient balance should be conducted based on nutrient contents in the final compost being applied to the lands rather than the amount of nutrients contained in the livestock excretion. In addition, the effects of bedding materials on nutrient losses should be also taken into account.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1984

This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of nonpoint pollutant discharges and concentrations in runoff from the urban and agricultural areas in Korea. The analytical parameters used for this study were COD, BOD and SS. This study was conducted during the period from May to August 1981. Nonpoint pollutant mass loadings from the urban area were influenced by the rainfall intensity and the duration of rainfall, and etc. The concentrations of pollutants in the first flush was higher as the discharges increased. It was, however, found that the concentrations of pollutants in the heavy storm runoff were decreased due to the dilution effect. When other rainfall followed a peak rainfall, the concentrations of pollutants were lower than expected, because the first flush conveyed the most of pollutants deposited on the combined sewers. However the concentrations were increased in proportion to the increased flow when a rainfall of higher intensity than the first flush was continued. Yearly area yield rates in kg/ha were estimated to be 690.5(489.9~1,328) of COD, 319.7(226.8~614.8) of BOD, and 831.2(589.7~1,598) of SS. Pollutant sources in agricultural area were of the domestic waste water, manure composting stack, and agricultural solid wastes and etc. In the paddy field, yearly area yield rates in kg/ha were estimated to be 623.4(21.7~114) of COD, 18.65(9.53~34.5) of BOD, and 91.9(46.3~171.8) of SS. In the crop land, however, yearly rates in kg/ha were estimated to be 91.9(46.3~171.8) of COD, 23.09(11.7~42.5) of BOD, and 23.09(11.4~43.4) of SS. Pollutant sources in the feedlot area were originating from the feces of cattle, the cleaning water, the wastes spilled from manure composting stack during rain. Yearly area yield rate in kg/ha was estimated to be 3.804(2,489~6,658) of COD, 2.047(464~2,900) of BOD, and 1.149 (729~1,442) of SS. Pollutant discharges in the forest area were resulted from the organic layer like leaves and others deposited on the surface. Yearly area yield rate in kg/ha was estimated to be 9.86(5.45~18.56) of COD, 3.48(1.67~7.54) of BOD, and 4.64(9.74~10.35) of SS.