• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2023

Continuous increase of domestic meat consumption has inevitably increased generation of livestock manure and caused severe environmental impacts on ecosystem and human beings. This work produced biochar from cattle manure samples with different composting aging stages and investigated the properties of the produced biochar. The result of thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal decomposition of the manure initiated at <600℃. The biochar yield was higher for the manure with a longer pre-composting period due to the elimination of microbially metabolized carbons during composting process. The result of FT-IR analysis showed that the number of surface functional groups were reduced during pyrolysis while enhancing the graphitic structures of the carbon framework. Manure samples tended to leach out N and P in leaching tests, with its amount higher for aged one than fresh one. However, their leaching was substantially suppressed when the manure was produced into biochar. In XPS spectra, it was found that N and P in the manure incorporated into biochar surface to form N-doped graphitic carbon and P-N-moieties, respectively. The findings of this work suggest that the thermochemical process can be of a viable option to valorize into biochar for potential environmental applications as well as to alleviate undesired nutrients loading to the environment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

한우와 제주흑우실용화축군(JBC-DC) 집단에서 ADD1 유전자의 유전적 다형성을 조사하였다. ADD1 유전자형은 intron 7 영역에서 84-bp 절편의 유무에 따라 결정하고, 두 집단에서 ADD1 유전자형과 경제형질의 상관관계를 시험하였다. 한우 거세우집단에서는 ADD1 D/- 도체들이 WW 개체들보다 유의적으로 더 두꺼운 등지방두께를 보여주었다(p<0.05). 하지만, JBC-DC 집단에서는 이형접합인 WD에서 가장 두꺼운 등지방두께를 나타냄을 볼 수 있었고(p<0.05), 이는 W와 D 대립인자의 상승효과에 의해 등지방 축적이 증가하는 것으로 추정된다. 반면 육질등급지수나 근내지방도으로 측정된 근육조직에서 근내지방의 축적과 ADD1 유전자형과은 상관없는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과들로부터, ADD1 유전자는 근육조직의 근내지방보다는 피하조직에서 등지방에 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다. 또한 DD 유전자형에서 W/-인 동물들에 비해 더 높은 수준의 육색을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 흥미로운 것은 JBC-DC 집단에서만 도체중과 유전자형 사이에 고도의 유의적인 차이를 나타내었는데, D/-인 동물들이 WW인 동물들에 비해 38 kg 이상 더 무거웠다(p<0.001). 연구결과는 ADD1 유전자형에 따라 빠른 성장률과 거세우의 생산성에 차이들을 나타내는 것을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 발견들은 ADD1 유전자형이 유전적 분자 마커로써 한우와 제주흑우-유래 축군의 개량을 위한 교배육종에서 효과적인 역할을 수행할 수 있음을 보여주는 결과이다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.255-269
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• 2005

축산연구소에서 사육중인 비거세우와 거세우를 대상으로 혈청내에 있는 호르몬 및 대사물질 농도가 채혈시기, 사육지역, 거세 여부 등에 따라 어떻게 변하며 경제형질과 어느 정도 상관이 있는지 그리고 이들에 대한 유전변이의 크기는 어느 정도이며 이들의 유전상관계수는 어느 정도인지를 파악하기 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다 1. 혈청 호르몬 및 대사물질의 분산분석 결과 testosterone과 globulin을 제외한 나머지 혈청성분은 사육지역에 따라 차이가 있었고 출생년도 및 계절에 따라 차이가 나타나는 혈청성분 cortisol, total protein, globulin 및 creatinine을 제외한 혈청들이었고 거세 여부에 따라 차이가 있는 혈청들은 total protein과 BUN을 제외한 혈청들이었으며 그리고 tstosterone을 제외한 나머지 혈청들은 종모우의 영향을 비교적 크게 받는 것으로 나타나 종모우의 효과가 인정되므로 이들 성분들의 농도 변이에 상가적 유전자 작용이 어느 정도 관여하고 있음을 시사한다. 2. 도체 형질은 도체중과 등지방두께 및 육량지수는 사육 지역의 효과가 인정되나, 도체율, 근내지방도, 배최장근단면적, 생체중 및 수송 감량은 $5\%$수준에서 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 종모우의 효과는 대부분의 형질에서 유의적인 효과가 있었고 특히 도체율과 근내지방도에는 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 월령별 체중을 분산분석 결과 사육지역의 효과는 9개월령을 제외한 모든 연령에서 체중에 대한 유의적인 영향을 미쳤고, 거세 여부는 6개월령 체중을 제외한 나머지 월령별 체중에 대해 유의적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 종모우효과는 모든 월령별 체중에서 유의적인 영향을 미쳤다. 4. 혈청 성분 농도들의 사육연도, 계절 및 거세여부별 최소자승평균치는 대관령에서 사육한 소는 남원에서 사육한 소들에 비해 testosterone 농도가 낮았으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았고, 거세우는 비거세우에 비해 cotisol과 creatinine 및 triglyceride농도가 높았고 IGF-1 및 glucose농도가 낮았으며 testosterone 농도는 비거세우의 약 $5.2\%$에 불과했다. 5. Sire Model을 적용하여 제한 최대우도법으로 추정한 혈청성분의 유전력은, 0.07${\~}$0.58 범위로 추정되었는데 이중 단백질 성분인 total protein, albumin 및 globulin의 유전력은 각각 0.53, 0.54 및 0.42로 비교적 높았고 cotisol과 creatinine 및 BUN은 각각 0.45, 0.58 및 0.54로 높게 추정된 반면 calcium은 0.07, testosterone 0.15 및 IGF-1은 0.12로 아주 낮은 편이었다. 6. 도체 형질에 대한 유전력은 도체중 0.39, 등 지방두께 0.45, 육량지수 0.30 및 배최장근단면적 0.13으로 추정되었으나 근내지방도는 0.93으로 아주 높게 추정되었다. 월령별 체중에 대한 유전력은 18개월령 0.78, 12개월령 0.76, 9개월령 0.62, 6개월령 0.58, 24개월령 0.58 순위였고 기간별 일당 증체량의 유전력추정치는 6${\~}$12개월령이 0.80, 12${\~}$18개월령이 0.75, 그리고 18${\~}$24개월령은 0.19로 육성기와 비육전기에 비해 비육말기는 유전력 추정치가 낮았다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.24.1-24.5
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and microbial quality of loin (m. longissimus dorsi) and top round (m. Semimembranosus) in Holstein veal produced from two slaughter age groups (5 and 8 months of age). A total of 20 Holstein calves were randomly selected from a local cattle farm. The slaughtered cold carcasses were vacuum-packaged. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition and physicochemical analyses and stored for 1, 7, 10, 20 and 30 days for microbiological analyses. Fat and protein contents of loin for the 8 month group were higher than those for the 5 month groups (p < 0.05). For both loin and top round muscles, the pH, cooking loss and the shear force values for the 5 month group was higher than those for the 8 month group (p < 0.05). On the other hands, the water-holding capacity (WHC) for the 8 month group was higher than those for the 5 month group (p < 0.05). In terms of meat color, CIE $L^*$ (lightness) for both muscle were higher in the 5 month group than in the 8 month groups. On the other hands, $a^*$ (redness) were higher in the 8 month group than in the 5 month groups (p < 0.05). Total aerobic counts in all samples remained up to 30 days at values less than 7 log CFU/g. However, there was no significant difference for both muscles between the two age groups. The results indicate that Holstein muscles from the 8 month group had desirable quality properties than those from the 5 month group.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

Dioxins are chemical substances that are not properly decomposed degradation under natural photochemical, biological and chemical conditions in the environment, and bio-accumulate through the food chain, so pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. Ninety seven percent of human exposure to dioxins comes through meat, fish, dairy consumption and so on. Pork is the largest proportion meat aspect of daily intake in the Korean food. Pigs are three times more than Cattle in terms of breeding population and production amount in the world, and the amount is increasing every year. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the exposure level of dioxins in pig's body. Also, it is required to evaluate the presence of these chemical substances in the pig's feed grain such as corn, soybeans, and tallow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PCDD/Fs in pig's feed to search the origin of PCDD/Fs. Feed samples obtained were wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1613. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), which are the most toxic potent dioxins, were not observed in any of the samples. However OCDD was detected in most of the samples. The TEQs in the feed samples were ranged from 0 pg TEQ/g to 0.09841 pg TEQ/g. Especially, the high level of TEQs was observed in the samples of wheat from East Europe and soybean meal from Korea.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.948-954
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and fatty acid composition of four major muscles in Korean native black goat (KNBG). Longissimus lumborum (LL), psoas major (PM), semimembranosus (SM), and gluteus medius (GM) were obtained from five male KNBGs of 36 mon of age and subjected to histochemical analysis and to determine fatty acid composition and meat quality traits. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in fiber number percentage (FNP) and fiber area percentage (FAP) of fiber types among these four muscles. PM had the highest FNP of type I and the lowest FNP of type IIB, while SM had the highest FNP of type IIB. The highest fat content was observed in LL while SM had the lowest fat content. The proportions of SFA and MUFA were significantly (p<0.05) different among four muscles due to differences in the majority of fatty acids such as oleic (C18:1) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. The PUFA/SFA ratio was significantly (p<0.05) different among four muscles, and the highest PUFA/SFA ratio was observed in PM. Results suggested that LL and PM might be healthful because of higher desirable fatty acid value and PUFA/SFA ratio, respectively. Also, data showed that correlations between muscle fiber types and fatty acids proportion of goat muscles were reversed with those of cattle muscles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2013

Hanwoo have been subjected over the last seventy years to intensive artificial selection with the aim of improving meat production traits such as marbling and carcass weight. In this study, we performed a signature of selection analysis to identify recent positive selected regions driven by a long-term artificial selection process called a breeding program using whole genome SNP data. In order to investigate homozygous regions across the genome, we estimated iES (integrated Extended Haplotype Homozygosity SNP) for the each SNPs. As a result, we identified two highly homozygous regions that seem to be strong and/or recent positive selection. Five genes (DPH5, OLFM3, S1PR1, LRRN1 and CRBN) were included in this region. To go further in the interpretation of the observed signatures of selection, we subsequently concentrated on the annotation of differentiated genes defined according to the iES value of SNPs localized close or within them. We also described the detection of the adaptive evolution at the molecular level for the genes of interest. As a result, this analysis also led to the identification of OLFM3 as having a strong signal of selection in bovine lineage. The results of this study indicate that artificial selection which might have targeted most of these genes was mainly oriented towards improvement of meat production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2008

This work was conducted to study the performance, carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the Longissimus muscle (LM) of first-generation Purunã (n = 7, PUR1), second-generation Purunã (n = 9, PUR2), and 1/2 Puruna vs. 1/2 Canchin (n = 13, PUCA) bulls finished in a feedlot. The animals averaged 18 months of age at the beginning of the experiment. The animals were kept in a feedlot from 18 to 22 months of age. They were fed twice a day with corn silage ad libitum, along with soybean meal, cracked corn, urea, limestone and mineral salt. PUR1 bulls had greater (p<0.05) final weight (496.0 kg) than PUCA bulls (449.2 kg). However, there was no difference (p>0.05) between PUR1 and PUR2 (472.0 kg), and between PUR2 and PUCA. Hot carcass weight was similar (p>0.05) among the different genetic groups. Hot carcass dressing percentage was similar (p>0.10) between PUR1 (50.4%) and PUCA (53.8%), and higher (p<0.10) than PUR2 (48.6%). Cushion thickness was greater (p<0.05) in PUCA bulls (27.12 cm). The other parameters were similar (p<0.05) among the three genetic groups. Total lipid and cholesterol contents were higher (p<0.01) in PUR2. Moisture, ash and crude protein contents were similar (p>0.05) among the three genetic groups. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) levels were higher (p<0.10) in PUR1 and PUR2 (51.58% and 50.41%, respectively). Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were higher (p<0.05) in PUR1 and PUCA (6.50% and 8.29%, respectively). N-6, n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratios were higher (p<0.05) in PUCA. MUFA and n-6/n-3 ratios were similar (p>0.05) among the different genetic groups.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

I wish to establish Kwang-shi Han-woo agriculture theme park furtherance plan that take advantage of unique area resource of homebred cattle meat sale restaurant of the Chungchong-namdo Yesan County Kwang-Shi Ran-woo village. Improve regional income that develops Kwang-shi Ran-woo area that is made up a rest and experience space that escapes in sightseeing of Ran-woo meat putting first that is food, and contribute in economy activation by promotes City-Farm exchange, and is behind present, and is expected that contributes in farm village area activation that is stagnated Ran-woo specialization area of whole country scale. Kwang-shi Han-woo agriculture-farm village theme park plan is thought that active participation of thorough environmental protection and local resident is necessary condition as plan that take advantage of peculiar latency resource of area. In plan process, reflected various opinion of local resident representatives to space but there is a little insufficient page, and sees that also thorough environment analysis should be preceded. Hereafter, see that correction' repletion need a little through thorough grasping of latency resource that put together thorough natural environment investigation. in Yesan County with analysis at final design step. But, see that plan of theme park that take advantage of characteristic resource in farm village, especially situation of Ran-woo farmhouses that is suffering now difficulty as plan that do appropriateness of city in area activation and economical income guarantee side of farmhouse inhabitants.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.322-332
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• 2023

Objective: We determined the impact of maintaining pasture-based dairy cows and calves together over 100 days on cow milk production, cow and calf behavior, and calf liveweight and carcass quality. Methods: Six Holstein-Friesian cows and their male calves were monitored for 106±8.6 days. Cows were temporarily separated twice a day for milking with calves remaining in the paddock. Cow and calf behaviors were recorded via scan sampling at 6 different timepoints, for the first 7 days and twice a week thereafter. Calves were weighed weekly and immediately processed for meat quality and rumen development analysis at 106±8.6 days. Daily cow milk yields were collected from enrollment until 109±8.6 days (3 days post-weaning). Results: The average daily gain of calves was 1.4±0.73 kg/d, with an average carcass dressing percentage of 59%. Calves had the greatest frequency of observed close proximity to cow and suckling in the first two weeks and decreased with experiment duration. During separation for milking, cow vocalizations and attempts to return to their calf decreased over time. Reticulorumen weight was on target for calf age, but as a proportion of total stomach weight was lower than industry averages of calves the same age due to the larger abomasum. Cows produced an average of 12±7.6 kg of milk yield per day over the 3-days before the calves were weaned and increased to mean of 31±8.3 kg/d the 3 days after weaning, indicating a consumption of close to 20 kg per calf per day. Conclusion: The impact of a pasture-based cow-calf rearing system on cow and calf behavior and the potential for high levels of calf liveweight gain when provided ad-libitum milk and feed were determined. Further research is required to determine the practicality of replicating such systems with large herds and impact on reared calves post-weaning.