• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Thai native cattle grazing in the lowland or mountain forest on carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensory palatability, and chemical composition. Methods: Twelve male Thai native cattle with an average weight of 110±10 kg are allowed to be grazing in the lowland or Phu Phan mountain forest during the rainy season in northeastern Thailand. Results: The carcass characteristics, meat pH, and meat color were unaffected by treatment (p>0.05). The boiling loss was lower in the cattle grazing on the mountain forest (p = 0.027). The cattle grazing in the mountain forest had increased shear force (p = 0.039), tenderness (p = 0.011), and flavor intensity (p = 0.003). The protein and fat were higher (p<0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively) in cattle grazing in the mountain forest. The different grazing systems of the cattle had no effect (p>0.05) fatty acids in meat, except for capric acid (C10:0) and lauric acid (C12:0), which were higher (p = 0.046 and p = 0.049, respectively) when the cattle were grazing in the mountain forest. The different grazing systems did not influence (p>0.05) the unsaturated fatty acids in meat. Conclusion: Thai native cattle grazing in the Phu Phan mountain forest in the rainy season improves meat quality, sensory evaluation, and chemical composition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1995

Energy obtained by grazing cattle in oil palm plantations is usually used for maintenance of body functions, the construction of body tissues and pregnancy, the synthesis of milk and the conversion to mechanical energy used for activities such as walking, eating and others. In this study, attempt was made to estimate metabolizable energy (ME) requirement of grazing cattle. Models of ME requirement (MER) for maintenance, gain, pregnancy, lactation and activities were developed. ME system and units were used because of wide recognition. Estimation of ME intake in grazing cattle was expressed as MEVI = $14.58{\times}VI{\times}DMD$, and under grazing condition MEVI = $MER_i$. MER was expressed as a function of net energy(NER, MJ) required for the i'th body function. Coefficient of efficiency for conversion of ME into net energy(ki) was adopted from literatures. Quantifying of ME requirement for Kedah-Kelantan cattle under grazing condition was made by using equation MERM = NEM / kn. The estimated values of MER for Kedah-Kelantan cattle is quite reasonable if compared with other estimates as reported in literatures from stall-fed animals. Dynamic MER models for grazing herd was developed in order to estimate ME requirement for maintenance and productions. These ME requirement models can be used for prediction of energy utilization pattern of the herd in the grazing systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.748-754
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• 2018

Objective: The preference evaluation of cattle is an important factor for estimation and improvement of the grazing amounts of newly introduced or bred grasses or cultivars in barn. This study was performed to assess the grazing behavior (the amount of grazing and/or the grazing speed) of cattle as indirect method using newly bred Brachiaria ruziziensis tetraploid strain 'OKI-1'(BR) hay as treatment group and Cloris gayana 'Callide' (CG) hay as control group. It also compared the feasibility of using behavioral differences between two groups as one criteria for evaluating preference by Japanese black cattle in barn. Methods: Three experiments were carried out using 12 growing Japanese Black cattle including 6 males and 6 females. In each experiment, the four Japanese Black cattle (2 males and 2 females) were placed in separated stall and allowed to graze BR and CG in manger that was separated into two portions for about 30 min. The position and behavior of the cattle were recorded, and weighed the residual of each gay at 15 and 30 minutes after experiment start. Results: The BR was superior to CG in chemical composition such as protein, fibers and non-fibrous carbohydrate. The cattle, over all, tended to prefer BR over CG in the first half 15 minutes in terms of the time spent and amount of grazing. Additionally, growing cattle exhibited neophilia for BR bred newly. Conclusion: These findings indicated the current approach could be applied for one of criteria to evaluate the preference of hay by Japanese black cattle under indoor housing environment.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of theileriosis and to compare the prevalence of this disease in Korean native cattle reared under different environmental conditions, namely, in a grazing area and a non-grazing area by polymerase chain reaction. Three hundred and one Korean native cattle (276 cows and 25 bulls) that had not received prior treatment or been vaccinated to prevent theileriosis were examined by PCR for Theileria sergenti infection from 2001 to 2002. In our study, the parasitemia range in T. sergenti-positive cattle by microscopy were from 0.1 to 3％ (mean 0.8％). In terms of mean prevalence, 204 of the 301 Korean native cattle (67.8％) were positive reaction by PCR. Our results also revealed that the infection rate among cows (70.3％) was significantly higher than that among bulls (40.0％) (p < 0.01). T. sergenti infection among the over 3 year-old-group (75％) had a significant higher prevalence than that among the less than 3 year-old-group (61.8％) (p < 0.05). Our data also showed that grazing areas (76.1％) had the significant higher prevalence than non-grazing areas (51％) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the prevalence of T. sergenti infection is high and that its prevalence in grazing cattle is higher than that in non-grazing cattle, Therefore, life-long treatment and the development of an optimal vaccine are needed to reduce the numbers of bovine theileriosis in both grazing and non-grazing areas.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2017

Tick-borne pathogens can cause serious problems in grazing cattle. However, little information is available on tick-mediated diseases in cattle grazing on mountains. Thus, this study aimed to understand the potential problems related to tick-borne diseases in grazing cattle through the investigation of prevalent tick-transmitted infections, and their associated hematological changes, in terms of season and grazing type in Korean indigenous cattle (=Hanwoo). Hanwoo cattle from 3 regions of the Republic of Korea (=Korea) were either maintained indoors or placed on grassy mountains from spring to fall of 2014 and 2015. Cattle that grazed in mountainous areas showed a greater prevalence of tick-borne infections with an increased Theileria orientalis infection rate (54.7%) compared to that in non-grazing cattle (16.3%) (P<0.001). Accordingly, the red blood cell (RBC) count and hematocrit (HCT) values of grazing cattle were significantly lower than those of non-grazing cattle throughout the season (P<0.05). Moreover, RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), and HCT of T. orientalis-positive group were significantly lower than those of T. orientalis-negative group (P<0.05). T. orientalis is a widespread tick-borne pathogen in Korea. Grazing of cattle in mountainous areas is closely associated with an increase in T. orientalis infection (RR=3.4, P<0.001), and with consequent decreases in RBC count and HCT. Thus, these findings suggest that the Hanwoo cattle in mountainous areas of Korea are at a high risk of infection by T. orientalis, which can lead to hematological alterations. This study highlights the necessity of preventive strategies that target T. orientalis infection.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-111
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• 1983

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 강원도(江原道) 새마을 '소' 임간공동방목사업(林間共同放牧事業)의 일환(一環)으로 81년도(年度)에 개설(開設)된 105개(個)의 공동방목장(共同放牧場)과 '82년도(年度)에 개설(開設)된 103개(個)의 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 경영실태와 분석(分析)된 문제점(問題點) 그리고 개선방안(改善方案)에 관한 연구결과(硏究結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공동방목(共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 효과 1) 방목기간중(放牧期間中) 1 일(日) 평균(平均) 증체량은 0.46kg으로서 농가(農家) 관행사육(慣行飼育)의 0.33kg보다 높았다. 2) '82년도(年度) 208개(個) 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 방목기간(放牧期間)(5-10 월(月))중(中) 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 효과를 경제분석하면, 관행사육(慣行飼育)보다 293,075.,300원의 증체효과, 543,838,750원의 인건비(人件費) 절감효과 및 194,443,270원의 사료비(飼料費) 절감효과를 얻어 약(約) 1,031,357,320원의 소득효과를 가져왔다. 3) 208개(個) 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 설문(設問) 조사(調査) 결과(結果), 농가(農家) 관행(慣行) 사육(飼育)보다 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 순위별(順位別) 효과에 대해서 농민들은 첫째 노동력(勞動力) 절감(節減). 둘째 사료비(飼料費) 절감(節減), 셋째 질병(疾病) 넷째 다두사육(多頭飼育) 가능(可能), 다섯째 협동심고취(協同心鼓吹), 여섯째 증체 효과, 일곱째 사양관리(飼養管理) 용역(容易), 여덟째 시설비(施設費) 절감(節減)을 들고 있다. 2. 공동방목(共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 문제점(問題點) 1) 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 2년차(年次)부터는 야생초(野生草)의 재생력(再生力)이 현저하게 저하(低下)되어 풀의 부족 현상이 일어난다. 2) 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)가 국유지(國有地)에 많으나 산림청(山林廳)의 이용(利用) 허가(許可)가 나지 않아 이용이 불가능하다. 3) 방목(放牧)으로 인(因)하여 발정(發精)한 암소를 발견하기 어려워서 수정시기(授精時期)를 놓치는 경우가 많다. 4) 각(各) 방목우(放牧牛)에 대한 방역(防疫) 및 진료(診療)의문제점이 많다. 3. 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 개선책(改善策) 1) 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 2년차(年次)부터는 겉뿌림초지(草地)나 제경초지(蹄耕草地)를 조성(造成)하여 충분한 조사료(粗飼料)를 확보(確保)시킬 것. 2) 정부(政府)는 강원도(江原道) 내(內) 모든 국유지(國有地)의 방목(放牧) 적지(適地)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場)으로 이용하여 우육(牛肉) 증산(增産), 독우(犢牛) 생산(生産) 지대(地帶)로 활용(活用)되도록 조치(措置)할 것. 3) 여지(與地)의 방목장(放牧場)에는 우수(優秀) 종빈우(種牝牛)를 혼목(混牧)시켜 번식성적(繁殖成績)을 올리도록 한 것. 그리고 발정(發情) 촉진(促進) 홀몬 주사(注射)로 동시(同時) 발정(發情)을 유도(誘導)해서 일괄 수정(授精)시킬 것. 4) 방목장(放牧場)에 토양병(土壤病)인 기종저의 예방(豫防) 주사(注射), 간질충에 대한 구충제의 년간(年間) 2회(回) 투여, 진드기 방제(防除)를 위하여 약욕(藥浴)을 시킬 것. 4. 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 육성(育成)을 위한 정책방향(政策方向) 1) 정부(政府)는 전국(全國)의 임야(林野)를 대상(對象)으로 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)를 조사(調査)할 것. 2) 정부(政府)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)로 판단되는 지역은 국공유림(國公有林)이나 법적(法的) 제한(制限) 지역(地域)도 목장(牧場) 개설(開設)이 가능하도록 조치할 것. 3) 정부(政府)는 여지(餘地)에 있는 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 적지(適地)에는 도로(道路) 개설(開設)과 전기목붕(電氣牧棚) 시설(施設)을 정부(政府) 자금(資金)으로 지원할 것. 4) 새마을 운동(運動)의 방향(方向)을 축산소득증대(畜産所得增大)에 두고 강원도(江原道)의 특성(特性)에 맞게 계속 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)이 추진(推進)될 수 있도록 정책적(政策的)인 배려가 필요하다. 5) 정부(政府)는 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 경영에 있어서 번식(繁殖) 성적(成績) 향상(向上)을 위한 인공수정상말비점(人工受精上末備点)을 보완(補完)해 줄 것. 6) 정부(政府)는 소 값의 적정(適定) 가격(價格) 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하기 위한 가격(價格) 정책(政策)을 실시(實施)할 것. 7) 정부(政府)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場)에서 초지조성(草地造成)의 신청(申請)이 있을 때는 우선적으로 허가(許可)해 줄 것.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.514-520
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• 2006

An abandoned mandarin orange orchard in southwestern Japan was set-stocked by Japanese Black cows at two stocking rates (1.0 and 2.0 animals/ha), and vegetation dynamics and diet selection by cattle were monitored for two years, in an effort to obtain information on effective use of abandoned agricultural fields for low-cost animal production and environmental conservation. Two dominant species at the commencement of grazing, kudzu (Pueraria lobata Ohwi) and tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima L.), showed different responses to grazing during the two years; the composition of kudzu decreased, contrasting with that of tall goldenrod which increased at both stocking rates. This was caused by high preference for kudzu and avoidance or low preference for tall goldenrod by cattle. Retrogression of vegetation due to cattle disturbances occurred at both stocking rates, with the high stocking rate leading to a lower degree of succession than the low stocking rate. It was shown that cattle grazing, particularly at a high stocking rate, was effective in the management of vegetation of an abandoned orchard.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1430-1434
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• 2005

We conducted two experiments to assess the effect of transfer from housing to grazing on stress hormone secretion in cattle using urine samples. In a preliminary experiment, urine samples were collected following an adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) challenge, and cortisol levels in urine were compared with the levels in plasma. In a second experiment, urinary cortisol was measured before and after the start of a grazing season in 6 Japanese Shorthorn cows, all of which had experienced grazing before. In experiment 1, urinary cortisol showed a pattern of changes similar to that of plasma with a 0.5-h temporal lag time, and the peak levels were 4 to 10 times higher than the basal levels. In experiment 2, the urinary cortisol levels in cows did not change after the cows were let out to pasture, with no decreases in body weight. This study suggests that the transfer from housing to grazing did not affect physiological responses to cause high excretion of urinary cortisol in grazing-experienced cattle using a non-invasive sampling method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.495-503
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• 1992

The internal and external outputs of the agricultural sub-systems of mixed livestock-crop farms in Pabna Bangladesh were analysed, to clarify the multiple functions of cattle in farm systems. Production systems with grazing areas were relatively more productive than those with no grazing. There was a tremendous variation in farm income, largely because of land area. An increase of one ha in land area was estimated to boost farm income by about 50%. Number of cattle, cattle off-take percentage and milk off-take per average cow related positively to farm income. As land area decreased the relative importance of cattle production increased. Crops were dominant in producing food for home consumption. Cattle contributed only 5-6 per cent to home consumption. Cattle supplied a significant cash income: 45 per cent in the villages with grazing areas and 57 per cent in the other villages. In future, the cash output from cattle will decline and emphasis will shift to the role of cattle in supporting crop production. Any research or development strategy for livestock needs to focus first on the importance of the complex relation between livestock and crops.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2018

Blood tests have been used to develop treatment plans, such as disease diagnosis, treatment effect, and prognosis determination in livestock. The present study examined changes in the blood count, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, before and after grazing among the Korean native cattle grazing from spring to autumn. The study compared the blood count of livestock group (A, n=34) that returned from the rangeland to cowshed every evening and livestock group (B, n=21) that were not returned from the rangeland to cowshed every evening during the grazing period. Hematological parameters such as RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, and WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte were determined using a blood cell analyzer. Livestock group (A) showed significant differences in the values of RBC, MCV, MCHC, WBC, EOS, and LYM. Livestock group (B) showed significant differences in the values of RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, PLT, NEU, and BAS. In particular, the RBC count decreased after grazing when compared with that before grazing. Compared with that before grazing, low RBC count was maintained from the first to fifth month of grazing. The WBC count increased from the fourth month of grazing, whereas the EOS count increased from the second month of grazing. These results suggest that the values of RBC and WBC vary before and after grazing, and also with the grazing period. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop a detailed feeding management based on these values of blood analysis for livestock that are raised continuously in the rangeland.