• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2001

A new small sized Lateral Trench electrode Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor(LTEIGBT) was proposed to improve the characteristics of conventional Lateral IGBT (LIGBT) and Lateral Trench gate IGBT (LTIGBT). The entire electrode of LTEIGBT was replace with trench-type electrode. The LTEIGBT was designed so that the width of device was no more than 19 ㎛. The Latch-up current densities of LIGBT, LTIGBT and the proposed LTEIGBT were 120A/㎠, 540A/㎠, and 1230A/㎠, respectively. The enhanced latch-up capability of the LTEIGBT was obtained through holes in the current directly reaching the cathode via the p+ cathode layer underneath n+ cathode layer. The forward blocking voltage of the LTEIGBT is 130V. Conventional LIGBT and LTIGBT of the same size were no more than 60V and 100V, respectively. Because the the proposed device was constructed of trench-type electrodes, the electric field moved toward trench-oxide layer, and punch through breakdown of LTEIGBT is occurred, lately.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.221-224
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• 2005

To overcome of poor electron injection in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with Al cathode, a thin layer of inorganic insulating materials, like as LiF, is inserted between an Al cathode and an organic electron transport layer. Though the device, mentioned above, improves both turn on voltage and luminescent properties, it has some problems like as thickness restriction, less than 2 nm, and difficulty of deposition control. On the other hand, Li organic complex, Liq, is less thickness restrictive and easy to deposit and it also enhances the performance of devices. This paper reports the improved electron injection on OLEDs with another I A group metal complex, Potassium quinolate (Kq), as an electron injection material. OLEDs with organic complexes showed improved turn-on voltage and luminous efficiency which are remarkably improved compared to OLEDs with Al cathode. Especially, OLEDs with Kq have longer life time than OLEDs with Liq.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.39-50
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• 2005

Electrolytic reduction of uranium oxide to uranium metal was studied in a $LiCl-Li_{2}O$ molten salt system. The reduction mechanism of the uranium oxide to a uranium metal has been studied by means of a cyclic voltammetry. Effects of the layer thickness of the uranium oxide and the thickness of the MgO on the overpotential of the cathode and the anode were investigated by means of a chronopotentiometry. From the cyclic voltamograms, the decomposition potentials of the metal oxides are the determining factors for the mechanism of the reduction of the uranium oxide in a $LiCl-3\;wt{\%} Li_{2}O$ molten salt and the two mechanisms of the electrolytic reduction were considered with regards to the applied cathode potential. In the chronopotentiograms, the exchange current and the transfer coefficient based on the Tafel behavior were obtained with regard to the layer thickness of the uranium oxide which is loaded into the porous MgO membrane and the thickness of the porous MgO membrane. The maximum allowable currents for the changes of the layer thickness of the uranium oxide and the thickness of the MgO membrane were also obtained from the limiting potential which is the decomposition potential of LiCl.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

In order to improve the device performances of organic electroluminescent devices (OELDs), the efficiency of carrier injections into the organic layers from electrodes and the balance of injected carrier densities in the emission region are critical factors. Especially, energy barriers, which exist at the interfaces between electrodes and organic layers, interrupt carrier injections, which lead to unbalanced carrier densities. In this study, ${\alpha}-septithiophene$ (${\alpha}$-7T), as a buffer layer, and composite cathode composed of Al and CsF were formed to improve hole and electron injections, respectively. The orientations of ${\alpha}$-7T molecules were adjusted using the simple rubbing method and the mass ratio of CsF was varied from 1 to 10 wt%. Upon investigation of we believe that the 3 wt% mass ratio of CsF and the horizontal orientation of ${\alpha}$-7T molecules are the optimized conditions for achieving better the performance of OELDs. Device with the horizontally oriented 20 nm thick ${\alpha}$-7T layer and composite cathode shows a turn-on voltage of 7V and luminance of 172 cd/$m^2$ at 4 mA/$cm^2$.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-74
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• 2022

For the process simplification in the fabrication of organic light emitting diode(OLED), top emission OLED (TEOLED) was fabricated without lithium fluoride(LiF) used as an electron injection layer (EIL). After co-deposition of Mg and Ag with a different process conditions, a cathode material adjacent to EIL was optimized when Mg and Ag have a ratio of 1:9 considering sheet resistance and transmittance. From the energy band diagram of TEOLED, band gap difference between Trisaluminium (Alq3) and Mg:Ag cathode show the difference of 0.4 eV according to the usage of LiF The fabricated TEOLED without LiF showed the improvement of 5.2 % and 2.7 % in the luminance and the current density comparing that with LiF. The results show there is no significant difference in OLED characteristics regardless of LIF layer in the TEOLED structures.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.530-540
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• 2024

All-solid-state rechargeable batteries, using nonflammable sulfide-based solid electrolytes, address lithium-ion battery safety issues while enhancing energy density and operating temperature range. However, the electrochemical stability limitations of sulfide electrolytes present challenges to the interface stability, particularly with oxide-based cathodes. The application of a stable coating layer is known to be effective for stabilizing the cathode/sulfide electrolyte interface. In particular, lithium borate is a promising coating material owing to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in controlling interfacial reactions. However, lithium borate exhibits oxide characteristics, leading to a difference in the chemical potential of Li⁺ compared to sulfide electrolytes. This discrepancy results in an uneven distribution of Li⁺ ions at the interface, which hinders Li-ion migration during charge and discharge cycles. To address this issue, a lithium borate-coating layer was modified with sulfur via a gaseous reaction involving sulfur. Sulfur-modified lithium borate is expected to reduce the chemical potential difference of Li⁺ and enhance the electrochemical properties. To confirm the effectiveness of sulfur modification, the electrochemical properties of coated and pristine samples were compared via various analysis tools. The results confirmed that sulfur modification can further improve the effect of lithium borate coating in enhancing the rate capability and cyclic performance of a battery. Additionally, it was observed that sulfur modification further reduces interfacial resistance and considerably improves the control of side reactions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.04b
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• pp.20-21
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• 2008

Photovoltaic effects in organic solar cell were studied in a cell configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CuPd(20nm)/$C_{60}$(40nm)/BCP/Al(150nm) at room temperature. Here, the BCP layer works as an exciton blocking layer. The exciton blocking layer must transport electrons from the acceptor layer to the metal cathode with minimal increase in the total cell series resistance and should absorb damage during cathode deposition. Therefore, a proper thickness of the exciton blocking layer is required for an optimized photovoltaic cell. Several thicknesses of BCP were made between $C_{60}$ and Al. And we obtained characteristic parameters such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and power conversion efficiency of the device under the illumination of AM 1.5.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 2013

In this study, successive coating and co-sintering techniques have been used to fabricate LSM/GDC based cathode supported direct carbon fuel cells. The porous LSM/GDC cathode substrate, dense, thin and crack free GDC and ScSZ layers as bi-layer electrolyte, and a porous Ni/ScSZ anode layer was obtained by co-firing at $1400^{\circ}C$. The porous structure of LSM/GDC cathode substrate, after sintering at $1400^{\circ}C$, was obtained due to the presence of GDC phase, which inhibits sintering of LSM because of its higher sintering temperature. The electrochemical characterization of assembled cell was carried out with air as an oxidant and carbon particles in molten carbonate as fuel. The measured open circuit voltages (OCVs) were obtained to be more than 0.99 V, independent of testing temperature. The peak power densities were 116, 195 and $225mWcm^{-2}$ at 750, 800 and $850^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

The feasibility of using the thin film technology in utilizing lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode in a low-temperature regime is investigated in this study. Thin film LSM cathodes were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on anode-supported SOFCs with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes. Although cells with a 1 ${\mu}m$-thick LSM cathode showed poor low-temperature cell performance compared to that of a cell with a bulk-processed cathode due to the lack of a triple-phase boundary length, the cell with 200 nm-thick gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) inserted between the LSM and YSZ showed enhanced performance and more stable operation characteristics in a comparison of a cell without a GDC layer. We postulate that the GDC layer likely improved the cathode adhesion, therefore contributing to the improvement of the cell performance instead of serving as an interfacial reaction buffer.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2007

Solid oxide fuel cells are clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical generation of electricity at high efficiency. Specially, the polarization resistance between electrolyte and electrode of SOFC unit cell is of importance, because it is desirable to develop SOFC operating at intermediate temperature below $800^{\circ}C$. The LSCF cathode prepared using modified oxalate method was investigated with different electrolyte. A precursor was prepared with oxalic acid, ethanol and $NH_4OH$ solution. The LSCF precursor was prepared at $80^{\circ}C$, and pH control was 2, 6, 8, 9 and 10. The precursor powder was calcined at $800^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1200^{\circ}C$ for 4hrs. The crystal of LSCF powders show single phase at pH 2, 6, 8 and 9, and the average particle size was about $3{\mu}m$. The LSCF cathode with heat treatment at $1200^{\circ}C$ showed a plot of electric conductivity versus temperature. Unit cell prepared from the LSCF cathode, buffer layer between cathode and electrolyte and the LSGM, YSZ, ScSZ and CeSZ electrolyte. Also interface reaction between LSCF, buffer layer and electrolyte were measured by EPMA and the polarization resistance for unit cell with cycle measure using a Solatron 1260 analyzer.