• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2016

Book adaptation has been considered an effective strategy in filmmaking. This paper examines the relationship between the box office sales and the performance of its original book focusing on category extension, especially investigating reciprocal spillover effect from a movie to the book. With empirical data, two-way causality between performance of the extension brand (i.e., movies) and that of the parent brand (i.e., books) was examined to test the existence of reciprocal spillover effect. In addition, a linear model was used to test the moderating roles of extension characteristics. The results revealed that the higher the movie's box office sales, the higher the original book's sales after movie's release. The authors also found moderation effects such that if the book has high level of brand awareness prior to movie's release, or if there is a movie tie-in version, or when the book is mentioned in movie trailer, or if the movie is released shortly after the book's publication, then the strength of spillover effect is superior. The current empirical investigation is meaningful considering it provides implications to both buyers and sellers of the extension rights, contributing to the literature of reciprocal spillover effects in category extension.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.452-458
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• 1995

Science textbooks are very important materials in order to know elementary science learning in Japan and Korea. In this research the 5th grade science textbooks in Japan and Korea are analyzed by an analyzing category. The analyzing category is consisted of knowledge and scientific inquiry. Knowledge is divided by fact, concept, and rule. Scientific inquiry is divided by problem cognition, variable control, experiment planning, observing, measuring, categorizing, inferring, data transformation, predicting, correlation, cause and effect, result, communication, which are 13 subcategories. Analyzing methods are counting the frequency of each subcategory and tabulating the data. The results of this study are: 1. The frequency of scientific inquiry appeared in Korean 5th grade science textbooks is three times more than that in Japanese textbooks. 2. In scientific inquiry category, Japanese science textbooks emphasized observing, predicting, measuring and problem cognition; Korean science textbooks emphasized experiment planning, observing and problem cognition. 3. In knowledge category, fact subcategory is mostly emphasized in both countries.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2004

The 60 subjects of this study were 3rd, and 6th grade elementary and undergraduate university students. The instrument of 44 items had two typical and two atypical exemplars from 11 semantic categories. Each subject was exposed individually to the word list and asked to categorize each item. At test, subjects generated five items that came to mind in each category. Data was analyzed by 2-way ANOVA, age (3) $\times$ category of typicality (2). All main effects and the interaction effect between age and typicality were significant. There were no significant differences among age groups on typical lists while significant differences between university and elementary school students (Grades 3 and 6) were found on atypical lists. Thus, the knowledge base might be an important factor in implicit memory.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.783-792
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to meta-analyze the effects of hardiness on health-related variables. Method: After review of 19 studies performed by Korean nurses, research variables, statistical data(r or F), and other methodological data were extracted and coded. Research variables were categorized under 5 groups such as health-related behavior, well-being, adaptation, stress, and support according to conceptual similarity. Using SAS program, 20 research variables and 34 effect sizes were calculated after eliminating heterogeneous data by Q-test, Results: Effects of hardiness on whole research variables was .512 and ranged from .322 to .643 by categories. The greatest effect was obtained from well-being category, whereas the smallest effect from stress category. All effect sizes were statistically significant. But fail-safe numbers were small and failed to achieve reasonable tolerance level. Conclusion: Results of meta-analysis indicated that hardiness has a moderate effect on health-related variables. But for improving the reliability of the results by minimizing publication bias, the more hardiness studies should be done.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.841-851
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of motif categories and motif colors on evaluating sensory image of fashion materials with the gestalt theory as the background. The research was conducted on a quasi experimental basis, with subjects numbering 187 male and 207 female college students. Data were collected in the period from march 19th to march 31st, 2007. A set of fabric stimuli and semantic differential scales were developed. The stimuli were thirteen fabric species(each measuring 12 by 13cm). Variables included; (a) motif colour(white, grey, pink and blue) (b) motif categories(plain, paisley, flower, stripes and zebra effect). The semantic differential scale to measure sensory image of fabric stimuli included 23 sets of bi-polar adjectives. The data were analysed by factor analysis and ANOVA and the major finding were as follows. 1) Four sensory dimensions emerged of importance: salience, attractiveness, comfort and softness. 2) The motif category effected on the four sensory image dimensions while the motif colour effected on salience, comfort and softness sensory dimensions. 3) An interaction effect was founded between motif category and motif colour. 4) Motif category showed significant effects on the preference and liking of the fashion, however the motif colour did not show any significant effects on the preference and liking. As a whole the results supported the gestalt theory and the results can be used for the marketing strategy for developing fashion fabrics.

• 복식
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• 제61권10호
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• pp.89-103
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of dominant brand, the quality variation among brands in the extension product category and the self-construals on consumer's attitude about extension products. The experimental design consist of three-way complex factors and 226 subjects participated for the study. The results showed that when there was fashion brand extension, whether or not there was an existing dominant brand in the extension product category, the quality variation among brands in the extension product category and the types of self-construals had a significant interaction effect on their favorableness and intention to purchase the extension products. Regardless of an existing dominant brand however, the group who had an interdependent self-construal showed higher favorableness and intention to purchase the extension products when the quality variation among brands in the extension product category was lower than when it was high, whereas the group who had an independent self-construal showed no significant difference of the favorableness and intention to purchase the extension products.

• 인지과학
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2022

본 연구는 코로나-19로 인한 스트레스를 높게 지각할 때, 스트레스를 낮게 지각할 때에 비하여 응집성이 낮은 사회적 범주에 대한 속성 일반화가 강해진다는 것을 확인하기 위해 이루어졌다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 응집성이 높은 범주(수녀, 군인, 비행기승무원)와 낮은 범주(웨딩플래너, 통역사, 플로리스트)를 선정하였고, 336명의 참가자를 모집하여 범주기반 속성 일반화 과제(범주 구성원 몇몇에게 반복 관찰되는 속성이 범주 구성원 전체에서 얼마나 나타날지 추론)를 수행하게 하였으며, 이들이 지각한 코로나-19 스트레스 정도를 측정하였다. 결과적으로, 사회적 범주의 응집성이 높을 때, 낮을 때에 비하여 속성 일반화가 강해지는 효과와 코로나-19로 인한 스트레스를 높게 지각하는 사람들에게서 낮게 지각하는 사람들보다 속성 일반화가 강해지는 효과를 관찰하였다. 더하여 본 연구는 코로나-19 스트레스를 높게 지각하는 사람들은 스트레스를 낮게 지각하는 사람들에 비해, 응집성이 낮은 범주에서도 반복 관찰되는 속성을 강하게 일반화하는 경향이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 코로나-19 발생 이후 고정관념과 편견이 심화되고, 차별적 행동이 증가하는 현상의 근본에 코로나-19 스트레스와 이로 인한 속성 일반화 경향 증가라는 인지적 기제가 존재함을 보여 준다는 측면에서 중요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.602-615
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• 1998

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of the discharged patient with cancer as perceived by nurses caring hospitalized cancer patients. At two hospitals in Gyeongnam, 74 nurses responded to an open-ended questionnaire consisting of four need categories : 1) educational & informational need, 2) physical need, 3) emotional need, 4) social need. Respondents were asked to list above ten needs of cancer patient in each category. Two researchers analyzed the data by content analysis method. The findings are summarized as follows : 1) A total of 1,417 need items were generated by nurses. The largest number of needs were in the educational & informational need category(475 items, 36.3%). Physical(414 items, 31.6%), emotional (237 items, 18.1%) need were the second, third largest, and social(184 items, 14.0%) need made up the smallest category. 2) In the educational & informational need category, there were seven subcategories of prognosis, diet & exercise, medication & pain, wound care, folk remedy, personal hygiene, comfort. The need items related to prognosis of cancer accounted for almost a half(48.2%) of the total. 3) In the physical need category, there were ten subcategories of personal hygiene, skin & tissue, nutrition, side effect on treatment, exercise, pain, elimination, equipment, comfort & safety, others. The largest number of needs were in subcategory of the personal hygiene(82 items, 19.8%). 4) In the emotional need category, there were four subcategories of emotional support related to disease, emotional support related to routine life, spiritual support, maintenance of relationship with nurse & doctor. The largest number of needs were in subcatgory of the emotional support related to disease(96 items, 40.5%). 5) In the social need category, there were five subcategories of support for social life, household management, legal support, the use of volunteer service, financial support. The largest number of needs were in support for social life subcategory(58 items, 31.5%).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1012-1021
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• 2021

This study evaluated the effect of freezing rate on the quality characteristics of pork loin to establish an objective standard for rapid freezing. To generate various freezing rates, three air flow rates (0, 1.5, and 3.0 m/s) were applied under three freezing temperatures (-20℃, -30℃, and -40℃). Based on the results, freezing rates ranged from 0.26-1.42 cm/h and were graded by three categories, i.e, slow (category I, >0.4 cm/h), intermediate (category II, 0.6-0.7 cm/h) and rapid freezing (category III, >0.96 cm/h). Both temperature and the air flow rate influenced the freezing rate, and the freezing rate affected the ice crystal size and shear force in pork loin. However, the air flow rate did not affect thawing loss, drip loss or the color of pork loins. In the comparison of freezing rates, pork belonging to category II did not show a clear difference in quality parameters from pork in category I. Furthermore, pork in category III showed fresh meat-like qualities, and the quality characteristics were clearly distinct from those of category I. Although the current standard for rapid freezing rate is 0.5 cm/h, this study suggested that 0.96 cm/h is the lowest freezing rate for achieving meat quality distinguishable from that achieved with conventional freezing, and further increasing the freezing rate did not provide advantages from an energy consumption perspective.

• 인지과학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.77-102
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• 2020

복장이나 언행에서 유사성이 높고, 다른 범주와 구분이 용이한 군인이나 수녀들이 가진 속성은 일반화되기 쉽다는 범주 응집성 효과 연구에는 어느 정도 진전이 있었다. 그러나 이러한 범주 응집성 효과의 근본에 어떤 심리적 기제가 있는지에 대한 직접적인 연구가 드물었기에 본 연구에서 다루어보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 응집성이 높은 범주(수녀, 군인, 비행기승무원)와 낮은 범주(통역사, 웨딩플래너, 플로리스트)를 선정한 후, 두 가지 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 1은 응집성이 높은 범주에서 [속성X]가 반복 관찰될 때가 응집성 낮은 범주에서 [속성X]가 반복 관찰될 때보다 해당 범주 구성원이 [속성X]를 선호할 만한 이유가 있을 것으로 추정하는 정도(선호의 이유 추정 정도)가 높아지는 현상을 관찰하였다. 실험 2는 응집성이 높은 범주의 경우, 일상적으로 드물게 나타나는 [속성X](기저율 30%)이 관찰될 때는 선호의 이유 추정 정도가 높아지지만, 일상에서 자주 나타나는 [속성Y](기저율 70%)가 관찰될 때는 선호의 이유 추정 정도가 낮아지는 현상을 관찰하였고, 응집성이 낮은 범주의 경우, 일상에서 드물게 나타나는 속성과 자주 나타나는 속성 모두 선호의 이유 추정 정도가 낮은 경향을 확인하였다. 즉 범주 응집성과 기저율의 이원 상호작용이 선호의 이유 추정 정도에 미치는 효과가 유의하였다. 본 연구가 심리학적 본질주의, 고정관념 형성에 시사점을 가진다는 것에 대해 논의하였다.