• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2022

고분자 전해질 연료전지(PEMFC)의 전극 열화에 대한 연구는 전극상에서 Pt의 입자 성장 및 활성면적 감소에 대한 연구가 대부분이다. 고분자막과 접해 있는 전극촉매 Pt의 열화는 고분자막 열화에 영향을 주는데, 이와 관련된 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 전극촉매 열화 가속 시험 과정에서 열화된 Pt가 고분자막 내부에 석출되는 현상과 그 영향에 대해서 연구하였다. 백금 열화 속도를 가속화시키기 위해 전압 변화(0.6 V ↔ 0.9 V)를 30,000 사이클까지 반복했다. Cathode에 산소를 유입하면서 전압 변화 사이클을 반복했을 때 질소를 유입했을 때 보다 막 내부에 석출된 Pt의 양이 더 많았다. 전압 변화 사이클 횟수가 증가할수록 막 내부에 석출된 Pt의 양이 증가하였고, cathode에서 용해된 Pt가 anode 쪽으로 이동해 20,000 사이클에서는 막 내부에 전체적으로 균일한 분포를 보였다. 이와 같은 전극촉매 열화 가속 시험과정에서 고분자막의 수소투과 전류밀도는 거의 변하지 않아서, 석출된 Pt가 고분자막의 내구성에는 영향을 주지 않음을 확인하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.412-419
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• 2023

Anion exchange membrane electrolysis is considered a promising next-generation hydrogen production technology that can produce low-cost, clean hydrogen. However, anion exchange membrane electrolysis technology is in its early stages of development and requires intensive research on electrodes, which are a key component of the catalyst-system interface. In this study, we optimized the pressure conditions of the hot-pressing process to manufacture cobalt oxide electrodes for the development of a high uniformity and high adhesion electrode production process for the oxygen evolution reaction. As the pressure increased, the reduction of pores within the electrode and increased densification of catalytic particles led to the formation of a uniform electrode surface. The cobalt oxide electrode optimized for pressure conditions exhibited improved catalytic activity and durability. The optimized electrode was used as the anode in an AEMWE single cell, exhibiting a current density of 1.53 A cm^-2 at a cell voltage of 1.85 V. In a durability test conducted for 100 h at a constant current density of 500 mA cm^-2, it demonstrated excellent durability with a low degradation rate of 15.9 mV kh^-1, maintaining 99% of its initial performance.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.677-682
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• 2001

Catalytic combustion is the environmental-friendly technology, which has been applied to a variety of areas for industrial and domestic use in recent years. Accordingly, this study performed the development of the catalytic manufacturing technology for the high temperature and of the catalytic combustor in priority, which were aimed to be applied to a commercialized boiler. Paliadium(Pd) of a noble metal was used as a catalyst for the high temperature and supported on alumina($Al_[2}O_{3}$) and zirconia($ZrO_{2}$) in constant weight ratio. Activity of Pd catalysts is compared and analyzed in the catalytic combustion of natural gas. The ratio of $Pd/Al_{2}O_{3}=4$ was found to be better than any other weight ratios in activity and durability. The performance examination of catalysts and of combustion through the plate-type combustor made it possible to be developed the cylindrical-type combustor which has increased combustion area. Catalytic combustion boiler of 25,000 kcal/hr class was also developed, which had the optimum combustion condition at the nozzle of 5.95mm and the orifice of 21mm. This condition was determined through the performance experiments of catalytic combustion boiler to which the cylindrical-type catalytic combustor was applied.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2010

Because real flow of engine exhaust is very hot and highly transient, it may cause thermal and inertial loads on catalyzed filters in DPF. Transient and detailed flow and thermal simulations are necessary in this field. To assess the importance of time dependent phenomena, typical cone-type configuration such as an underbody DPF is selected for steady and transient analysis. User defined functions of FLUENT by sinusoidal inlet velocities are written and integrated with main solver for realistic simulation. Also, 4-cylinder and 6-cylinder engines for 3,000 L class are considered for the dynamic exhaust effect of engine type. Key parameters to understanding of catalyst performance and durability issues such as flow uniformity index and peak velocity are investigated. Also, pressure drop for engine power are considered. From the simulation results for three different cases, proper approach is recommended.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2002년도 제15회 심포지움
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• pp.23-46
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• 2002

The cryogenic, pressure swing adsorption and membrane methods have been used to separate air into nitrogen and oxygen. The air separation membrane is made of the polymers, of which manufacturing process is complicate and it causes a little high production cost. Polymer membrane has temperature limit in usage and low durability even at moderate temperature. Therefore, inorganic membranes have been studied for years. As formation of unit alumino-silicate membrane, unit cells of membrane were made with a few coating methods. In this study the dipping of substrate into sols, application of vacuum to the opposite side of substrate with coating and rotating of the substrate in the sols were found as good coating memthods to make a uniform coating and to control the thickness of membrane. The membrane coats were examined by SEM and XRD. The sample ESZl-1 was compared with those of samples that prepared by another method. The present developed coating methods could be applied to the various types of zeolite membrane formation, that is A- X-, Y- ZSM- and MCM-types of membranes. Also these membrane forming methods could be applied to formation of catalyst absorbed zeolite membrane, of which zeolite absorb the catalytic metals. The product obtained from these coating methods could be applied to the industrial gas and liquid phase catalytic reaction and separation processes.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2010

This research focused on the spray and distribution characteristics of urea solution by applying flow visualization techniques and did durability and driver test on injectors as well. The spray characteristics of urea solution was observed by CCD camera. Also, the distribution characteristics of urea solution was evaluated quantitatively as well by using 3D laser scanner equipment. It was considered that it was reasonable to use the injector for gasoline engine in order to inject the urea. The best distribution chart result was observed near 45cm distance difference between catalyst and urea spray injector. As a result of trapped urea distribution chart analysis, optimal pressure and volumetric flow rates of air and urea were derived in order to improve the distribution of Urea. This information may contribute to provide fundamental data in the future.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.514-524
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• 2022

Carbon emissions from fuel consumption have been pointed by scientists as the cause of global warming. In particular, fossil fuels are known to emit more carbon when burned than other types of fuels. In this regard, International Maritime Organization has announced a regulation plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, recently, Liquefied Natural Gas propulsion ships are responding to such carbon reduction regulation. However, from a long-term perspective, it is necessary to use carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. Nitrogen oxides might be generated during ammonia combustion. There is a possibility that incompletely burned ammonia is discharged. Therefore, rather than being used as a direct fuel, Ammonia is only used to reduce NO_X such as urea solution in diesel vehicle Selective Catalyst Reduction. Currently, LPG vehicle fuel feed system studies have evaluated the durability of combustion injectors and fuel tanks in ammonia environment. However, few studies have been conducted to apply ammonia as a ship fuel. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate corrosion damage that might occur when ammonia is used as a propulsion fuel on ships.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2001

촉매연소는 근래 들어 산업용 및 가정용의 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있는 환경친화적인 기술로서 본 연구는 고온용 촉매제조기술과 촉매연소기 개발을 중점적으로 수행하여 이를 상용화된 콘덴싱 보일러에 적용하는 데 그 목표를 두었다. 고온용 촉매로는 귀금속 팔라듐(Pd)을 사용하여 담체인 알루미나$(Al_{2}O_{3})$와 지르코니아$(ZTO_{2})$에 일정 중량비로 담지하였고, 천연가스 연소시 촉매의 활성을 비긴 분석하였다. 그 결과 $Pd/Al_{2}O_{3}\;=\;4$가 활성이나 내구성에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 기존의 콘덴싱 보일러에 적용되고 있는 판형 연소기(Plate-type combustor)를 시험모델로 촉매성능 및 연소성능을 파악하였고, 이를 토대로 연소면적을 증가시킨 원통형 촉매연소기(Cylindrical-type catalyst combustor)를 개발하였다. 또한, 원통형 촉매연소기를 적용한 콘덴싱 보일러의 촉매연소 성능실험을 통하여 결정한 노즐 5.95mm와 오리피스 21mm로 최적의 연소상태를 갖는 25,000 kcal/hr 촉매연소식 콘덴싱 보일러를 개발하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2005

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is considered as a candidate for portable power sources, that could overcome the disadvantages of lithium battery. But in order to attain commercial viability the long term stability of the DMFC should be achieved. Understanding the long-term behavior of membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) is a prerequisite to this purpose and the optimization of the MEA is also needed. In this study we have investigated the changes in performance and electrochemical properties of the MEA during extended operation and the effects of heat treatment of MEA on the long-term performance. The MEAs have been treated in an autoclave with saturated water vapor at 120$^{\circ}C$, vacuum oven at 140$^{\circ}C$ and boiling in organic solvents. The autoclaved MEA was found to be have the best long term performance. The on-off operation mode also increased the performance probably due to effective removal of products from the electrodes. Physical and electrochemical analyses using a scanning electron microscope, impedance analyser and half-cell technique have been done to characterize the MEAs.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.123.2-123.2
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• 2010

Fuel Cell cogeneration system is a promising technology for generating electricity and heat with high efficiency of low pollutant emission. We have been developed 5kW class fuel cell cogeneration system for commercial and residential application. The fuel processor is a crucial part of producing hydrogen from the fossil fuels such as LNG and LPG. The 5kW class high efficiency fuel processor consists of steam reformer, CO shift converter, CO preferential oxidation(PrOx) reactor, burner and heat exchanger. The one-stage CO shift converter process using a metal oxide catalyst was adopted. The efficiency of 5 kW class fuel processor shows 75% based on LHV. In addition, for the purpose of continuous operation with load fluctuations in the commercial system for residential use, load change of fuel processor was tested. Efficiency of 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% load shows 75%, 75%, 73% and 72%(LHV), respectively. Also, during the load change conditions, the product gas composition was stable and the outlet CO concentration was below 5 ppm. The Fuel processor operation was carried out in residential fuel cell cogeneration system with fuel cell stack under dynamic conditions. The 5kW class fuel processor have been evaluated for long-term durability and reliability test including with improvement in optimal operation logic.