• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2009

We assessed the effect of surimi gel, which is prepared from the king oyster mushroom (pleurotus eryngii) and cuttlefish meat paste (KCP) on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in high-cholesterol-fed rats. Three groups of 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on a diet containing 1 g cholesterol/kg for 6 weeks. We administered only a high-cholesterol diet to the control group, one group was fed on surimi gel containing cuttlefish paste and king oyster mushrooms, and another group was fed with general boiled fish meat paste (GFP), which is commonly sold in marketplaces. Plasma and hepatic lipid profiles were measured, and the antioxidant status of the liver was assessed. The plasma triglyceride concentration did not differ significantly among the groups. Supplementation with KCP resulted in lower plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic index as compared to the control group and GFP, whereas the plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration was elevated. Moreover, the KCP-supplemented animals evidenced greater bile acid excretion. The KCP groups evidenced significantly lower plasma and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acidreactive substances as compared to the control group. Besides, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase and superoxide dismutase, were significantly higher in the KCP group. In conclusion, KCP was quite effective in improving the lipid metabolism and reducing oxidative stress by upregulating the hepatic antioxidant enzymes in high-cholesterol-fed rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 2004

The ovarian hormone-deficiency induced ovariectomy rat is widely used as an aging model due to its practicality, convenience, and cost effectiveness. The surgically ovariectomized rat induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation like aging phenomena. Free oxygen radicals have been proposed as important causative agents of aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to prevent ovariectomy (OVX)-induced oxidative stress. The OVX rats were given intraperitoneally CS at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg daily for fifteen weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced-glutathione (GSH), oxidized-glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver. The liver antioxidative enzyme activity was elevated while MDA concentration decreased in all CS treated animals. The results demonstrated that CS reduced oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that CS might be a useful candidate for antioxidative reagent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2009

The hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract from Hovenia dulcis fruit (HD) against ethanol-induced oxidative damage was investigated. Ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and liver damage on HepG2/2E1 cells were protected by $100{\mu}g/mL$ ethanolic extract from HD. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups; control (NC), ethanol (ET), ethanol plus 1 g/kg body weight ethanolic extract of HD (ET-HD). The activities of serum alanine amintransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group. However, ET-HD group showed protective effect by lowering serum activities. The ET group markedly decreased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) with the reduced level of glutathione (GSH) in liver. On the other hand, ET-HD group increased the activities of SOD and GST, and the level of GSH. Lipid peroxidation level, which was increased after ethanol administration, was significantly reduced in ET-HD group. Based upon these results, it could be assumed that ethanolic extract of HD protected the liver against ethanol-induced oxidative damage by possibly inhibiting the suppression of antioxidant activity and reducing the rate of lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, extract of Hovenia dulcis fruit might be used as a protective agent for ethanol-induced hepatic damages.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.751-757
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of mulberry (Morus alba) sugar extracts (MSE) against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The MSEs was mixed with matured mulberry and sugar at the same ratio (1:1, w/w) and stored at $18{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, MSE stored for 40 days showed high activity with a ratio above 66%. Therefore, we selected 40 days as the optimum storage period. After cell viability analysis using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, we determined that the optimum concentration of MSE was 0.5%. Our results showed that MSE increased the cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in $H_2O_2$-treated HepG2 cells. Moreover, the treatment with MSE inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in $H_2O_2$-treated HepG2 cells. We also observed a reduction in apoptotic bodies in the Hoechst staining. These data show that MSE treatment significantly suppressed caspase-3 activity in HepG2 cells expored to $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress, thereby indicationg the protective effects of MSE in $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.791-798
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective activity of flavonol glycosides rich fraction (F-2), prepared from 70% alcohol extract of the aerial parts of V calcarata Desf., was evaluated in a rat model with a liver injury induced by daily oral administration of $CCl_4$ (100 mg/kg, b.w) for four weeks. Treatment of the animals with F-2 using a dose of (25 mg/kg, b.w) during the induction of hepatic damage by $CCl_4$ significantly reduced the indices of liver injuries. The hepatoprotective effects of F-2 significantly reduced the elevated levels of the following serum enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. In addition, it normalized liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and creatinine concentration. Chromatographic purification of F-2 resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides that rarely occur in the plant kingdom, identified as quercetin-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (5) and kaempferol-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (4) in addition to the three known compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnosyl- (${\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-D-glucoside [rutin, 3], quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [isoquercitrin, 2] and kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [astragalin, 1]. These compounds were identified based on interpretation of their physical, chemical, and spectral data. Moreover, the spectrophotometric estimation of the flavonoids content revealed that the aerial parts of the plant contain an appreciable amount of flavonoids (0.89%) calculated as rutin. The data obtained from this study revealed that the flavonol glycosides of F-2 protect the rat liver from hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ through inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by $CCl_4$ reactive free radicals.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 2002

Application of phytoremediation in the polluted area to remove undesirable materials is a complex and difficult subject without detailed investigation and experimentation. We investigated the accumulation patterns of cadmium and lead in plants naturally grown, the bioavailability of plants to accumulate these toxic metals and the responses of P. thunbergii to cadmium and lead. The soil samples contained detectable lead (＜$17.5_\mu$g/g), whereas cadmium was not detected in the soils of study area. The whole body of Persicaria thunbergii contained detectable lead (＜320.$8_\mu$g/g/g) but cadmium was detected only in the stem (＜7.$4_\mu$g/g/g) and root (＜10.$4_\mu$g/g/g) of P. thunbergii. Cadmium was not detected in Trapa japonica and Nymphoides peltata, whereas lead was detected in T. japonica (＜323.$7_\mu$g/g/g) and N. peltata (＜177.$5_\mu$g/g/g). Correlation coefficient between lead content in soil and in these plant samples represented positive correlation. The total content of lead in each plant sample increased in the order of N. peltata$\leq$P. thunbergii

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2018

Background: Astragalus membranaceus is a well known oriental medicinal herb. The polysaccharides of the aboveground parts (AMA) and the radix (AMR) of A. membranaceus are the most important functional constituents. Methods and Results: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AMA and AMR on the oxidative damage induced in the skeletal muscle of rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exercise and non-exercise groups; in the groups receiving the test compounds, AMA and AMR were administered orally for 30 days. Skeletal muscle samples were collected from each rat after running to exhaustion on a treadmill to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) and the concentation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px of skeletal muscle of AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the control and commercial sports drink (SPD)-treated groups in exhaustive exercise rats. In addition, MDA concentrations in the skeletal muscle of the AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control and SPD-treated groups. In the present study, the effects of AMA and AMR on exercise endurance capacity were also evaluated in mice subjected to a swimming exercise test. AMA and AMR supplementation prolonged the swimming time of mice and enhanced exercise endurance capacity. AMA and AMR possess the ability to retard and lower the production of blood lactate, and prevent the decrease of serum blood glucose. Conclusions: These results showed that, AMR and AMA exerted beneficial effect in mice, increasing the activity of the antioxidant systems and inhibiting oxidative stress induced by exhaustive exercise. The compounds improved exercise performance and showed anti-fatigue effects against exhaustive exercise.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effect of a hangover beverage mixture (SBJ) that contains Dendropanax morbifera Lev. and several medicinal plant extracts, on hepatoprotection and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in alcohol-induced hangover in both in vitro and in vivo models. In human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, 300 mM of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity was significantly improved by pretreatment of SBJ by dose-dependent manner. In the in vivo study, administration of alcohol to rats raised to the concentration of blood alcohol and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Blood alcohol and LDH levels in SBJ-treated rats significantly decreased at 0.5 h and 8 h after acute ethanol administration (40%, 4.6 g/kg body weight) as compared to alcohol-treated rats. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were significantly higher in SBJ-treated rats than in alcohol-treated rats. SBJ supplementation reduced formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibited reductions of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, compared with rats administered alcohol. Plasma catalase (CAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels showed unaltered resulted in all experimental groups compared with the control group. These results suggest that SBJ exhibit hepatoprotective properties by enhancing ADH, ALDH activity and stimulating the antioxidant defense system in alcohol-induced hangover.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.804-812
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of exercise training on neurodegeneration and cognitive function in mice with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the control (CO, n = 9) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 27) groups. The IGT group consumed 45% high fat diet for 4 weeks and received 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin twice in the lower abdomen to induce IGT. After the IGT induction period, the IGT group was subdivided into IGT + sedentary (IGT, n = 9), IGT + endurance exercise (IGTE, n = 9), and IGT + resistance exercise (IGTR, n = 9). The IGTE and IGTR groups performed treadmill and ladder climbing exercises 5 times per week for 8 weeks, respectively. Fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly higher in IGT group than in CO, IGTE, and IGTR groups (p < 0.05). HOMA-IR was significantly higher in IGT group than CO group (p < 0.05). Hippocampal catalase (CAT) was significantly lower in IGT group than in CO group (p < 0.05), while beta-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) was significantly higher in IGT group than in CO group (p < 0.05). Hippocampal tau was significantly higher in IGT group than in CO, IGTE, and IGTR groups (p < 0.05). The Y-maze test performance for cognitive function was significantly lower in IGT group than in CO, IGTE, and IGTR groups (p <0.05). These results suggest that IGT induces neurodegeneration and negatively affects cognitive function, while regular exercise may be effective in alleviating neurodegeneration and cognitive decline regardless of exercise type.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1034-1063
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• 2021

The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including (i) pomegranate peel (zero, 4%, and 8 percent), (ii) oxidized soybean oil (zero, 2%, and 4 percent), and (iii) alpha-tocopherol (zero and 200 mg/kg). Supplementation of 8% pomegranate peel in diets significantly decreased the growth performance of broiler chickens. The supplementation of 4% oxidized oil in diets significantly reduced body weight gain and Feed intake whole experimental period (p < 0.05). The results showed that supplementation of 4% pomegranate peel in the diet was associated with low aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase, and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, 4% pomegranate peel increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The supplemental 4% oxidized oil increased the serum AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and MDA concentrations. TAC, SOD, and Catalase (CAT) activities were affected by 4% oxidized oil and alpha-tocopherol. The use of oxidized oil and vitamin E decreased MDA concentration. The serum glucose and globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the 8% pomegranate peel. The results showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel in diets reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The inclusion of 4% oxidized oil in diets reduced serum glucose and increased the blood lipid concentration such as triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL. Vitamin E supplementation reduced the serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations. The use of 8% pomegranate peel reduced red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, and packed cell value (PCV). The results indicated that supplementation with 8% pomegranate peel and 4% oxidized oil in diets decreased the immunoglobulin concentration in broilers. In addition, it was found that the inclusion of 4% pomegranate peel in diets resulted in higher IgG, IgM and total immunoglobulin. Pomegranate peel supplementation significantly decreased meat MDA concentration. Supplementation of 4% oxidized oil increased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Consequently, the results of this experiment showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel had beneficial effects on broiler chickens. It was also found that feeding 2% oxidized oil in diets had no adverse effect on broilers.