• Title/Summary/Keyword: Casualties

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The Eire Risk Assessment in Compressed Natural Gas Buses & Gas Station (CNG 버스 및 충전소의 화재 위험도 평가)

  • Ko, Jae-Sun;Kim, Hyo
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.57-67
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    • 2004
  • The results of the risk assessing on general buses, consisting mainly of diesel-fueled buses, show that the frequency of the instantaneous release is 1.4${\times}$10$^{-3}$ /bus/year, from which the probability of the formation of fireball as a sub event becomes 1.7${\times}$104, and show that the leakage from the CNG-fueled buses is 0.002 event/year. Also, the frequency of gradual release due to a crack is estimated at 3.7${\times}$10$^{-3}$ /buses/year, and a subsequent probability at which this could lead to a jet flame as a sub event is 1.2${\times}$10$^{-3}$ This corresponds to 0.04event/year for the CNG-fueled buses. Dividing all the fired casualties by the running distance of diesel-fueled buses, the risk is 0.091 fire fatalities per 100-million miles. And the total fire risk fur CNG buses is approximately 0.17 per 100-million miles of travel. This means that CNG buses is twice or more dangerous than diesel buses. After all CNG buses are more susceptible to the major fires. In the aspect of the reliability of this study, generic models and the failure data used in assessing the risks of CNG buses are appropriate. However, more accurate physics-based models and databases should be supplemented with this study to provide the better results.

A Study for Performance Improvement of Fire Detector and Sprinkler Head in Apartment Houses (공동주택 화재감지 및 소화성능개선에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Chae-Won;Son, Bong-Sei
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.38-44
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    • 2015
  • This study suggested the problems and their improvement measures for the operation of fire detectors and sprinkler heads installed at apartment houses. According to a census on population and housing in 2010, apartment houses account for 71.6% of the total housing facilities. And by fire statistics data of the National Emergency Management Agency, approximately 25.0% of fire accidents and 46.4% of casualties occur at apartment houses every year. Therefore, this study conducted for identifying the causes and characteristics of fire to establish the fire safety improvement measures for apartment houses. And this study was carried out virtual fire simulation at domestic apartment houses. The scenario of the simulation contains a comparative analysis on the operation time of standard sprinkler heads and residential sprinkler heads, heat detectors and smoke detectors. As a result of simulation, it was found that standard sprinkler heads and heat detectors installed at the existing apartment houses should be replaced with residential sprinkler heads and smoke detectors for rapid fire suppression. In addition, sprinkler systems should be considered to be installed for excluded floor at apartment houses. Especially, it is necessary to construct remote inspect systems like advanced countries for efficiency of apartment houses safety management.

A Study on Emergency Evacuation Route Planning and USN-Based Induction Activities of Correctional Facilities (교정시설의 비상시 피난경로계획 및 USN기반 대피유도활동에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Joo-Hyung;Park, Jong-Hyun
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 2011
  • In correctional facilities with majority of occupants in custody, the safe evacuation guide without getaway accidents should be very important due to complexity in escape paths. Fire causes are various in correctional facilities, for example, arson fire is a major cause in mental treatment facilities, however, old facilities or carelessness of flammable materials consist of fire causes in jail facilities. Both types of correctional facilities are the same in terms of many casualties from the fire cases. The thesis focus on escape paths and evacuation guide plans on the basis of analysis on fire cases and structural vulnerability, and then an electronic unlocking system is concededly installed for safe evacuation of occupants in custody without getaway accidents. Especially, the effect of the electronic unlocking system is going to be analyzed on the basis of RSET (required safe egress time) in order to realize for the occupants to evacuate safely to the front yard in case of emergency. In conclusion, if electronic security allowed system with USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks) technology should be installed in multi-storey correctional buildings, it is proposed that the occupants in custody might be a guided safely without getaway trials.

Fire Alarm Sound Transmission in Apartment Units (공동주택에서의 화재경보음 전달)

  • Jeong, Jeong-Ho
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.67-75
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    • 2018
  • To reduce the number of casualties in the case of fire, an alarm sound needs to be delivered to the people who remain in the apartment unit. On the other hand, it was reported that the fire alarm sound generated in the elevator hall was not delivered sufficiently to the people staying in the apartment units. In this study, the background noise level and noise level generated in an apartment unit were measured during the day and night time. In addition, the transmission of the fire alarm sound into the each room of apartment units was simulated and compared with the background noise level. The fire alarm sound generated in the elevator halls was reduced by the fire door and doors, and was not transmitted sufficiently into the internal spaces of the apartment units. Starting evacuation action was difficult after hearing the fire alarm sound generated outside the apartment units. To improve the transmission of an alarm sound to the inner spaces of apartment units, an acoustic simulation was carried out for cases where the alarm sound generator was installed on a wall-pad in the living room and the alarm sound generator was installed on the ceiling of each rooms in apartment units. Background noise of + 15 dB and 75 dB (A) were satisfied when alarm sound generator was installed on the ceiling of each room.

Development of a Framework of Emergency Action Plan for Domestic Water Front Critical Infrastructure (국내 주요 수변시설물 EAP 프레임워크 개발)

  • Park, Su-Yeul;Choi, Soo-Young;Oh, Eun-Ho;Kim, Jin-Man
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2017
  • Unusual precipitation caused by typhoons and severe rain stormscan threaten human life and property. Thus, various organizations prepare emergency action plans (EAPs) to provide proper guidelines for operators, experts, and emergency response personnel to protect and enhance critical infrastructure. For example, FEMA and DHS have various types of EAPs for dams, levees, and other structures to protect people and property. FEMA defines EAPs as official documents to decrease the damage and impact in emergency situations and to reduce casualties. These documents should consider all possible situations in an emergency and can reduce problems in facility management. This study analyzes EAPs for infrastructure from the USA, Japan, and Korea in order to suggest an ideal EAP framework. EAPcontent can include how to guide experts and operators in disaster stages (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery), how to operate emergency equipment, and how to protect critical infrastructure and life. The suggested EAP framework performed very well in a test location. It can therefore be used for infrastructure organizations in Korea and to inform of the appropriate processes and methods for risk reduction in flood disasters.

A Study on the Diffusion of Emergency Situation Information in Association with Beacon Positioning Technology and Administrative Address (Beacon 위치측위 기술과 행정주소를 연계한 재난재해 상황 전파 연구)

  • Mo, Eunsu;Lee, Jeakwang
    • KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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    • v.5 no.9
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 2016
  • Worldwide casualties caused by earthquakes, floods, fire or other disaster has been increasing. So many researchers are being actively done technical studies to ensure golden-time. In this paper if a disaster occurs, use the IoT technologies in order to secure golden-time and transmits the message after to find the user of the accident area first. When the previous job is finished, gradually finds a user of the surrounding area and transmits the message. For national emergency information, OPEN API of Korea Meteorological Administration was used. To collect detailed information on a relevant area in real time, this study established the system that connects and integrates Crowd Sensing technology with BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Beacon technology. Up to now, the CBS based on base station has been applied. However, this study designed and mapped DB in the integration of Beacon based user positioning and national administrative address system in order to estimate local users. In this experiment, the accuracy and speed of information dif6fusion algorithm were measured with a rise in the number of users. The experiments were conducted in a manner that increases the number of users by one thousand and was measured the accuracy and speed of the message spread transfer algorithm. Finally, became operational in less than one second in 20,000 users, it was confirmed that the notification message is sent.

The Realization on GAS Sensor Module for Inteligent Wireless Communication (지능형 무선통신용 가스 센서 모듈 구현)

  • Kim, Hyo-Chan;Weon, Young-Su;Cho, Hyung-Rae
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.123-132
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    • 2012
  • Gas sensors has been used very differently that depending on following purposes; Automotive (exhaust gas, fuel mixture gas, oxygen, particulates), agriculture / food industry (fresh, stored, CO2, humidity, NH3, nitrogen oxide gas, organic gas, toxic gas emitted from pesticides and insecticides), industrial / medical (chemical gas, hydrogen, oxygen and toxic gases), military (chemical weapon), environmental measurements (CO and other air pollution consisting of sulfur and nitrogen gas), residential (LNG, LPG, butane, indoor air, humidity). The types of industrial toxic substances are known about 700 species and many of these exist in gaseous form under normal conditions. he multi-gas detection sensors will be developed for casualties that detect the most important and find easy three kinds of gases in marine plant; carbon dioxide(CO2), carbon(CO), ammonia(NH3). Package block consists of gas sensing device minor ingredient, rf front end, zigbee chip. Develope interworking technology between the sensor and zigbee chip inside a package. Conduct a performance test through test jig about prototype zigbee sensor module with rf output power and unwanted emission test. This research task available early address when poisonous gas leaked from large industrial site and contribution for workers' safety at the enclosed space.

Electrical and Fire Prevention Measures through Improvement of Indoor Wiring, Outlets and Plugs (옥내배선, 콘센트 및 플러그 개선을 통한 전기화재 예방대책)

  • Jeung, Sueng Hyo;An, Hui-Seok;Lee, Yong-Su;Kim, Chang-Eun
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2018
  • It is reported that about 20 % of all fires in Korea are caused by the electric equipment and installations. In complex and large-scale buildings, the sizes of electric fires are becoming larger as property damage and casualties increase. Among the causes of various electric fires, fire by short circuit accounts for about 71.5% of overall fires, and in the classification by electric equipment and installation, fire caused by wiring and wiring equipment accounts for approximately 38.3% of overall fires. The purpose of this study is to propose methods to prevent electric fires due to short circuit by improving indoor wiring currently in use and to find the fundamental measures to prevent wiring equipment caused fires by improving the socket and plug which are commonly used in wiring equipment. It is expected that the electric fire prevention measures presented through this study can be used as a measure to protect many people and properties by eliminating the root cause of electric fire.

Stability Evaluation on Particle Size Characteristics of Bed Materials at High-Velocity Flow (고유속 흐름에서 하상재료의 입도특성에 따른 안정성 평가연구)

  • Kim, Gwang Soo;Jung, Dong Gyu;Kim, Young Do;Park, Yong Sung
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.365-376
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    • 2021
  • In general, domestic streams and rivers are composed of alluvial rivers consisting of sand and gravel beds. These rivers can cause erosion and riverbed changes due to sudden changes in flow rates, such as floods, torrential rains, and heavy rains. In particular, there are various types of erosion, such as contraction erosion caused by changes in river shape, or local erosion occurring around obstacles such as piers, abutments or embankments. In addition, river changes can occur in various forms, such as static or dynamic periods, due to limitations such as flow rate, velocity, and shear stress. This study focused on the erosions of embankments directly related to human casualties among various river structures, and evaluated limit velocities and critical shear stress in order to identify changes in strength of natural materials by identifying the characteristics of natural hoan materials and resistance to erosions. In particular, the limitations of materials according to the type of materials in the river, characteristics of particles, and size of particles were studied using Soil loss, which is a change in the volume of the revetment material, and it is intended to be used as basic data for river design and restoration.

A Study on the Feasibility of Installing Solar Auxiliary Power for Small Fishing Boats (태양광 보조전원을 설치한 소형선박의 타당성 연구)

  • Yoon, Kyoungkuk;Jeon, Hyeonmin;Hwang, Junyoung;Kim, Jongsu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.883-889
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    • 2021
  • The South Korean fishing industry is experiencing a rapid growth owing to an increase in its leisure-fishing population. Consequently, fishing boats weighing 9-10 [ton] have also been increasing. Current fishing boats operate their essential equipment by switching their engines with batteries to reduce the cost of gas and engine noise. However, stranding incidents have been increasingly recorded annually, in which boats fail to start owing to discharged batteries, and these incidents can lead to serious casualties. This study proposes the installation of a solar auxiliary power system to safeguard fishing boats, particularly those weighing between 9-10 [ton]. The feasibility of securing space for the solar auxiliary power of boats under consideration was verified. To examine the application of solar power, this study calculates the load necessary to operate it for fishing and models such a system using an electricity analysis program The modeled system, which applies the monthly horizontal solar insolation, validated the adoption of a solar auxiliary power in fishing boats.