• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.117.1-117
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.4 no.3_4
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• pp.80-92
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• 1981

The vegetation of Saeng-il Island was surveyed over four times from July, 1979 to May, 1981. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Plants of this island consisted of 3 foma, 28 varieties, 211 species, 203 genera, and 89 families. Evergreen broad-leaved trees consisted of 24 species, including Camellia japonica and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii. The vegetatiion of the southwest slope was more favorable than that of the northeast slope and the vegetation of other areas were negligible. Pueraria thunbergiana and Clerodendron trichotomum were predominant in the area between Yucheon-ri and Geummo-ri. Evergreen broad-leaved trees, such as Camellia Japonica, Neolitsea sencea, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, etc. were predominated in the areas of Gulzeon-ri, Yongchul-ri and Geummo-ri. However, artificial succession to pinus thunbergii presently dominating the areas has taken place due to human interferences (for charcaol, building materials, grazing etc.). It seems to be worthy of conserving the community of Camellia japonica on the back slope of Geummo-ri and that of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii between Gulzeon-ri and Hangdo-dong. It is notceable, in particular, that Damnacanthus indicus distributed in Jeju and Dolsan islands was also discovered in this island.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the micromorphology of vessel wall sculpture such as shape of perforation plate, perforation rim, steepness of perforation plate, occurrence of vestured pit, warty layer and ray-vessel pitting on 13 species of Fagaceae in Korea. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. In the species examined, all sample species except Fagus crenata var. multinervis have simple perforation plate. But Fagus crenata var. multinervis has simple and scalariform perforation plate (it was called to combination perforation plate) in a tree stem. 2. The shapes of perforation rim could be classified into five types; Type A without tail, Type B with small tail on both sides, Type C with long tail on both sides, Type D with tail only one side and Type E with the very short interval between perforations. Among five types, Type Band C have higer frequency of distribution than the others. 3. The steepness of perforation plate measured was about 20 degree on pore zone and 43 degree on outside parts of pore zone. 4. Species with vestured pit were Q. aliena, Q, dentata, Q. variabilis, Fagus crenata var. multinervis, Castanopsis cuspidata var sieboldii, Q. acuta, Q. stenophylla, and Q. glauca. But the extent of vesturing was very slight and vestured pits were observed mainly in ray-vessel pit of some vessel elements. 5. Species with warty layer on the inner surface wall of all vessel elements were Q. acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, Fagus crenata var. multinervis and species with warty layer of some vessel elements were Q. aliena, Q, dentata, Q. variabilis, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii. 6. Species with palisade ray-vessel pit were Q. acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, Castanea crenata, Castanea bungeana, Q. aliena, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica, and species with scalariform ray-vessel pit was Fagus crenata var. multinervis and species with oval ray-vessel pit were Q, dentata, Castanopsis cuspidata var sieboldii.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.295-310
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• 2017

This study investigated the growth of five phytopathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Diaporthe citri, Phytophthora capsici and others according to different concentrations of water extract in order to provide reference data for developing environment-friendly agricultural materials using five native Fagaceae species including Quercus acuta, Quercus salicina, Quercus glauca, Quercus gilva and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii. As the concentration of aqueous extracts of Fagaceae increased according to donor plants, the mycelial growth of phytopathogens showed a decreasing tendency. Differences were found in the degree of inhibition according to types of donor plants and pathogenic fungi. Diaporthe citri, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium graminicola on the water extract of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii inhibited mycelial growth by 84% in 25% of the treatment group and by 87% in more than half of the treatment group. The water extract of Quercus acuta was found to have no inhibitory effect against the mycelial growth of Diaporthe citri. The aqueous extracts of Quercus salicina, Quercus glauca and Quercus gilva insignificantly inhibited mycelial growth by approximately 15%. The total phenolic content of receptor plants exhibiting antifungal activity was highest in Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii with a content of 22.32 mg/g phenols, followed by Quercus salicina with 8.32 mg/g, Quercus glauca with 6.83 mg/g, Quercus gilva with 5.95 mg/g, and Quercus acuta with 5.24 mg/g. The aqueous extracts of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii among the five Five Fagaceae Plants of were the most effective antifungal activity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.257-277
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• 2007

We carried out a phytosociological study on pine forests in Korea with the method of Zurich-Montpellier School. We collected the data of 252 $relev{\acute{e}}s$ from 45 sites in the pine forests throughout the Korean Peninsula and its attached islands. The vegetation of the pine forests was classified into one association, three communities and seven subcommunities as follows: A: Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community, A-1: Typical subcommunity, A-2: Vaccinium korean urn subcommunity, A-3 : Rhododendron micranthum subcommunity, B: Quercus serrata-Pinus densiflora community, B-1: Typical subcommunity, B-2: Juniperus rigida subcommunity, B-3: Styrax japonica subcommunity, B-4: Eurya japonica subcommunity, C: Saso-Pinetum densiflorae Yim et al. 1990, and D: Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Pinus densiflora community. The former three communities were integrated into the Lindero-Quercion mongolicae Kim 1990 em. 1992. The Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Pinus densiflora community remained to be studied in future to determine the association. The communities of Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community was distributed throughout the montane zone in central-northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Quercus serrata-Pinus densiflora community occupied widely in the sub-montane and hilly areas in central and Southern Korean Peninsula. The association of Saso-Pinetum densiflorae was found in Cheju Island. Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Pinus densiflora community were distributed in the warm-temperate zone including islands off the south-west coast of the Peninsula.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2012

The rate of photosynthesis (A) of leaves from 10 plant species (6 evergreen and 4 deciduous) of the family Fagaceae was measured using a portable photosynthesis analyzer, to examine which species take up $CO_2$ most efficiently. Of the evergreen species, the photosynthetic rate of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii was highest, and remained above 82.1~106.4 ${\mu}mol\;kg^{-1}s^{-1}$ from July to November. Of the deciduous species, the photosynthetic rate of Quercus acutissima was higher than that of the other three species, and remained high at 83.5~116.6 ${\mu}mol\;kg^{-1}s^{-1}$ from September to November. The photosynthetic rate of the 10 species was positively correlated with stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E). However, there was no correlation between photosynthetic rate and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration ($C_i$), although there was a positive correlation just in three species (Q. gilva, Q. acutissima and Q. glauca). These results suggest that the $CO_2$ fixation capacity of C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, an evergreen species, and Q. acutissima, a deciduous species, is significantly higher than that of the other species examined, and that photosynthesis is regulated by both stomatal conductance and transpiration. Therefore, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii and Q. acutissima may be valuable for the evaluation of carbon uptake in urban green spaces as well as in afforested areas.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 2007

By using DEM and digital actual vegetation map with MGE GIS software program, topographic features (altitude, slope, latitude, etc.) quantitatively were analysed and their data integrated as the index of climatic conditions (WI, CI, air temperature, etc.) in South Korea. Warmth Index (WI) decreases $5.27^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ with latitudinal $1^{\circ} degree, and $3.41^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ with attitudinal 100 m increase. The relationship between CI and WI values is expressed as a linear regression, $WI=116.01+0.96{\times}CI,\;R^2=0.996$. The distributional peaks of different plant communities along Warmth Index gradient showed the sequence of Abies nephrolepis, Taxus cuspidata, Abies koreana, Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora, Q. dentata, C. tschonoskii, Q. serrate, Pinus densiflora, Q. aliena, Q. variabilis, Q. acutissima, P. thunbergii, Q. acute, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Camellia japonica, Machilus thunbergii community from lower to higher values. The Quercus mongolica forest occurred frequently on E-NW and SE slope aspect within WI $70{\sim}80^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ optimal range at mesic sites, NW and SE slope than xeric sites S and SW slope. The Q. serrata forest showed the most distributional frequency in NW and W slope aspect within WI $90{\sim}100^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ range, Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima forest showed the high frequency of distribution in SE slope in WI $95{\sim}100^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ range. By the slope gradient analysis, five groups were found: 1. Abies nephrolepis, Machilus thunbergii, 2. Taxus cuspidata, Abies koreana, Quercus mongolica, Q. dentata, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii 3. Pinus densiflora, Q. aliena, Q. acutissima, P. thunbergii, Q. acuta 4. Carpinus laxiflora, Camellia japonica 5. C. tschonoskii from steep slope to gentle slope sequence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.68.2-69
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.228-242
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• 2016

This research was conducted for understanding the evergreen forest community structure of the Bijin Island. The island was worth of vegetational value because of the representative warm temperate species such as Castanopsis cuspidata was distribute there. According to the results of community classification by TWINSPAN and DCA, the Bijin Island evergreen forest were classified by 9 communities, such as C. cuspidata, C. cuspidata-Pinus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea-Camellia japonica, Platycarya strobilacea, Quercus serrata-Decidus broad-leaved, Alnus firma, P. thunbergii. Due to the C. cuspidata, N. sericea, Ca. japonica etc. were still dominated at canopy and under-canopy layer, so the evergreen forest will be sustain current conditions for a while if there is no artificial disturbances that were caused by human. Pl. strobilacea community will be expected to replace N. sericea and also Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved community will be changing caused by mutual competition. Normally, in the way of the succession process of the warm temperate forest, P. thunbergii will be expect via deciduous broad-leaved to evergreen forest such as Machilus thunbergii, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, and N. sericea. In case of species diversity index, P. thunbergii comm.(1.2739), Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.2325), Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.1807), and A. firma comm.(1.0854) are relatively high, while C. cuspidata and N. sericea-Ca. japonica that was dominated by evergreen species at canopy layer and P. thunbergii that was damaged by fire are relatively low(0.7380~0.8416). Soil pH was 4.72~6.33, electric conductance was 0.035~0.128dS/m, and content of organic matter was 3.4~17.4%.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.241-252
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• 2013

This study investigated plant community structure of Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) in Jeju-do to identify character as evergreen broad-leaved forest. 20 plots(size is $20m{\times}20m$) were set up and plant communities were divided into 5 communities of Quercus glauca-Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii-Ilex integra(Camellia japonica), Quercus glauca-Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii-Camellia japonica, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica-Pinus thunbergii and Pinus thunbergii-Quercus glauca by using TWINSPAN, DCA ordination, mean importance value and environmental condition. Area of Evergreen broad-leaved forest with stonny ground is covered with Quercus glauca and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii in canopy layer and Camellia japonica in the subordinate layer. Area of remaining soil's depth is covered with Pinus thunbergii. It has been alleged that Pinus thunbergii planted by human when Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) is not selected local monuments. All of communities is predicted success to community of Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica. Shannon's diversity ranged from 1.0268 to 1.0717 in area of Evergreen broad-leaved forest and 1.2102 in area of Pinus thunbergii. 10 species of broad-leaved tree's constancy ratio is over the 80%. In future, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii and Cinnamomum japonicum can cover canopy layer, but it has low importance value. Specially high aged Camellia japonica is appeared everywhere. It has been alleged that it was touched by divinity since past. Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) has different plant structure with another evergreen broad-leaved forest. It is hard that knowing its successional sere because it was damaged when it isn't degignate local monument. Accordingly continuous monitoring was required, successional direction and community's character is identified after forest become steady.