• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1999

The in vitro antioxidative activities of the 33 plant-derived essential oils and 37 phytochemicals including 3 Mentha arvensis leaf-, 2 Thymus vulgaris leaf- and 2 Syzygium aromaticum flower-derived isolates were determined by the inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation, the generation of superoxide anion and scavenging of DPPH radical. They were then compared to those of the widely used plant-derived antioxidants (pyrogallol and quercetin) and synthetic antioxidant BHT. At a concentration of 0.01%, potent antioxidative effect was observed in the essential oils from Cinnamomum cassia roots, Mentha arvensis leaves, Ginkgo biloba fruits, and Syzygium aromaticum flowers. Of the phytochemicals used, eugenol and isoeugenol at 0.01% showed potent antioxidative activity, and their activities were comparable to those of pyrogallol, quercetin, and BHT. The Cinnamomum root-, the Mentha leaf-, the Ginkgo fruit-, and the Syzygium flower-derived materials may be a good source for an alternative to the currently used antioxidants.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.187-189
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• 2013

The antimicrobial activities of emodin and its derivatives (anthraquinone, alizarin, and alizarin-3-methyliminodiacetic acid) were evaluated using a paper disc diffusion method against foodborne bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus intermedius, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella sonnei). Emodin isolated from C. tora seeds has an antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, followed by alizarin-3-methyliminodiacetic acid ($13.0{\pm}2.5mm$) and alizarin ($11.5{\pm}1.2mm$). Furthermore, emodin showed the antimicrobial activity against S. sonnei and S. typhimurium. In conclusion, C. tora seed and its active component derivatives are useful for the development of natural products on food supplemental agents and pharmaceuticals.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.18-20
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• 2000

Methanol extracts of nine native plants(Teraxacum platycerpum leaf, Pinus densiflora leaf, Artemisia prinseps, leaf, Allium tuberosum leaf, Cassia obtussifolia, whole plant, Sophora angestifolia root, Stemonae sessilifolia root, Lonicera japonica, stem, leaf, flower, and Clivia miniata leaf were tested for repellent activity against Aedes albopictus and Blateria germanica. The extracts of P. densiflora, T. platycerpum, A. tuberosum and L. japonica (flower) exhibited excellent repellent activity against A. albopictus, while only L. japonica (leaf) had some good activity against B. germanica.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.9
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• pp.115-125
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• 1991

The medicinal plants of 33 species with symptoms of mosaic, necrosis, line pattern, malformation (fine leaf), stripe, and ring spot infected by cucumber mosaic virus spontaneously, were collected in Korea and Japan. Among them, 2 mosaic diseases of portulaca oleracea L. and Celocia argentea L., 2 necrotic mosaic diseases of Aristolochia debilis Sieb. and Tetragonia exponsa Murr., 6 mottle diseases of Cassia torosa Cav., Bupleurum falcantum L., Angelica acutioloba Kitagawa, A. keiskei Koidz., Peucedanum japonicum Thunb., and Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and ringspot disease of Basella rubra L., were named newly in these studies.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2000

After Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was treated with Phytolacca americana extracts during the germination process, its effect on the activities of AsPOX and GuPOX were examined. As the concentration of P. americana extract increased. the activity of AsPOX decreased while that of GuPOX increased. During the germination process, the activity of AsPOX was lower than the control, while the activity of GuPOX was over 2 times higher than the control. Activity of total peroxidase by IEF was extremely high at pI 6.4 and pI 6.6 when treatment was made with a 30% concentration of P. americana extract. The treatment with phenolic compounds, caffeic acid and benzoic acid did not show much difference from the control although a slight increase was observed at pI 6.6. Activity of GuPOX in C. mimosoides was over 4 times higher in roots than in shoots. Namely, because GuPOX activity of C. mimosoides was increased by extracts of P. americana, defense enzyme, GuPOX. was generated against external stress, and we could certified the activity increase at pI 6.4, especially in root.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1998

Cinnamaldehydes and related compounds were synthesized from various cinnamic acids based on the $2^{I}$-hydroxycinnamaidehyde isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia Blume. The cytotoxicity to human solid tumor cells such as A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498 and HCT15 were measured. Cinnamic acid, cinnamates and cinnamyl alcohols did not show any cytotoxicity against the human tumor cells. Cinnamaldehydes and realted compounds were resistant to A549 cell line up to 15 .mu.g/ml. In contrast, HCT15 and SK-MEL-2 cells were much sensitive to these cinnamaidehyde analogues which showed $ED{50} values 0.63-8.1{\mu}g/ml.$Cytotoxicity of the saturated aldehydes was much weak compared to their unsaturated aldehydes. From these studies, it was found that the key functional group of the cinnamaldehyde-related compounds in the antitumor activity is the propenal group.p.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2012

In pathologically analyzing, 'Qi(氣)' is fall downed 'Zheng-Qi(正氣; Base energy of human body)' or 'Wai-Gan-Xie-Qi(外感邪氣; poisoned energy from outside of human body)'. And all extroverted symptoms from this 'Qi(氣)' is 'Shang-Chong(上衝)'. Also this symptom's basic mechanism is deficiency of 'Zhong-yang(中陽; basic active energy acting pivot)' by non-proper 'Xia-fa(下法; treatment way getting out focus to down side)' at early days of 'Tai-Yang-bing (太陽病; Primary stage symptoms when the cold energy of the outside tresspasses the external layer of body)'. And comparing herbs in medicines for treating 'Shang-Chong(上衝)' in Shang han lun with Japanese in Shang-han medical practitioner's view, there is 'Ping-Chong(平衝; Supress out bursting energy)''s effect when use 'Gui-zhi(桂枝; Cinnamomum cassia loureirii zeylanuicum)' for mass dosage. Based on these, 'Qi-Shang-Chong(氣上衝)' means all of the symptom's aspects which called 'Yang(陽)''s aspect that is extrovesity, dynamic and imminent by results of the experiment about Cinnamaldehyde which are the main ingredients of 'Gui-zhi(桂枝; Cinnamomum cassia loureirii zeylanuicum)' and clinical data of 'Gui-zhi-tang(桂枝湯)'.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.526-529
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• 1993

The present study was conducted to investigate nitrite-scavenging ability of the components of Cassiae torae semen, Cassia tora L. The nitrite-scavenging effects of fractions obtained from methanol extract of Cassiae torae semen, Cassia tora L. were strong in ethyl acetate fraction, chloroform fraction, water soluble fraction and ethyl ether fraction in order. Compound D showed the strongest nitrite-scavenging effects among compound A, B, C, D separated from Cassiae torae semen. Compound D separated from Cassiae torae semen possessed ten-fold stronger the nitrite-scavenging effect than ascorbic acid.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.408-413
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• 1995

Investigations of the effects of pickle product ingredients on lipoxygenase (LOX) and methemoglobin (MHG, a nonenzymatic oxidant) catalyzing oxidation of linolenic acid were conducted. In addition, activities of LOX, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in dry spices used in pickle products were determined. Some commercial pickle brines were observed to inhibit oxidation of linolenic acid by LOX and MHG. The ingredients in pickle products, such as dill oil emulsion, onion concentrate, oil cassia, polysorbate 80 and turmeric acid, reduced LOX and MHG catalyzed oxidation. Lipoxygenase activity was present in garlic, mustard seed and red pepper. Only in mustard seed, peroxidase activity was observed. Catalase activity was observed in garlic, black pepper, allspice and red pepper.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the origin, the progressive changes and the constructive principles of Packhaoleejung-tang (白何烏理中湯) 2. Methods: Packhaoleejung-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of their pathological indications, based on "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon (東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Donguisusebowon Gabobon (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon (東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)", "Dongmuyugo (東武遺稿)", "Shanghanlun (傷寒論)". 3. Results and Conclusions: (1) The origin of Packhaoleejung-tang is leejung-tang from "Shanghanlun (傷寒論)". Packhaoleejung-tang inherited some of the principles from "Shanghanlun (傷寒論)" Insamkeiji-tang (2) "Gabobon(甲午本)"'s one prescription Hyangsaleejung-tang emphasizes the effect of lossen up by using Pogostemonis Herb (藿香),Amomi Fructus(砂仁). "Gabobon(甲午本)"'s another prescription Packhaoleejungtang emphasizes the effect of warm up stomach by using Cinnamomum cassia Blume (桂枝), Allium sativum Linne (獨頭蒜), Cynanchum wilfordii(白何首烏). "Sinchukbon(辛丑本)"'s prescription Packhaobujaleejungtang emphasizes the effect of warm up stomach by using Aconitum carmichaeli(附子) (3) The Packhaoleejung-tang is composed of 7 herbs. Atractlodis Rhizoma White(白朮), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥) support Soeumin's spleen root (脾元), and Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑),Cinnamomum cassia Blume (桂枝, Cynanchum wilfordii(白何首烏) warm up stomach. Citri Pericarpium(陳皮) circulate Qi and encourage the descension of Yin.