• Title/Summary/Keyword: Casein

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Changes in Caseins during the Ripening of Camembert Cheese (Camembert Cheese 숙성 중 Casein의 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jee-Whan;Lee, Soo-Won;Jeong, Jae-Hong;Yang, Ryung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.337-342
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    • 1990
  • The changes in cheese casein components and the resultant palatability of the cheese were studied. Camember cheese was made with P. caseicolum and mixed lactic cultures and ripened for 45days. The pH value increased rapidly during ripening Water soluble, pH 4.6-soluble and non protein nitrogenous compounds were all increased during ripening. The electrophoretic patterns of pH 4.6-insoluble casein showed that the caseins were seperated into 4 bands after 10 days,12 bands after 45 days of ripening, ${\alpha}_{s1}-casein$ was completely degraded after 17 days of ripening and a targe percentage of ${\beta}-casein$ was broken down after 45 days of ripening. On gel filtration, pH 4.6-soluble casein fragments ripened for 10 days,24 days and 31 days were fractionated into 3,4 and 5 fractions respectively The sensory evaluation of Camembert cheese showed that cheese ripened for 31 days had the best palatability.

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Characterization of Equine Milk and Cheese Making

  • Chang, O.K.;Humbert, G.;Gaillard, J.L.;Lee, B.O.
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.368-374
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    • 2006
  • We have studied on characterization and cheese making like mineral contents, protein composition and coagulation pattern on equine milk. At first, for contents of mineral on equine milk, It was lower in equine than bovine milk Contents of Na, Mg, P, Ca and K the major minerals, were indicated as 18.3 mg, 0.4 mg, 33.3 mg, 80.9 mg and 134.9 mg respectively by 100 g. In the distribution of nitrogen, the ratio NPN to Nt was indicated as 9.8% while that of bovine milk was 7%. And In NCN, its percentage was indicated as 45.6% shelving that Equine casein was lower than bovine. From these results, equine milk could not be applicable to cheese production since there are no coagulable nitrogen fraction such as ${\kappa}$-casein, as there aye with bovine milk. Equine milk will be more acceptable if we accept that the phylogenic affinity is near to human. It is the same as equine from the view points that monogastric, which did not contain ruminant's casein. For the rennet coagulation, equine milk was different than bovine milk. Equine milk did not coagulated by rennet after the addition of $Ca^{2+}$. But when bovine ${\kappa}$-casein was added in the presece of rennet, and $Ca^{2+}$ to equine milk, coagulation occurred. Such phenomenon was also observed by the use SEM. Verification of ${\kappa}$-casein by SDS-PACE did not existed in equine milk. The Casein of equine milk(54.4%) is similar to human milk in that casein/whey is about 1. For equine milt this can be explained because distance between casein and Ca is great, casein being lower, which result in reaction of casein with $Ca^{2+}$ because it could not activated which lasting time of coagulation is too long.

Preparation and Characterization of Casein Nanoparticles with Various Metal Ions as Drug Delivery Systems (다양한 금속 이온을 이용한 카세인 단백질 나노입자 형성 및 약물 전달체 특성 연구)

  • Minju Kim;Seulgi Lee;Joon Sig Choi
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.121-125
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    • 2023
  • Casein is a milk protein and one of the most important nutrients in milk. The composition is over 80% in cow's milk and about 20~45% in human's milk. Casein is highly biocompatible and biodegradable, so it has been studied for various biomedical materials applications as well as drug delivery systems. It is widely known that casein can be prepared as nanoparticles in the presence of the Ca2+ metal ion. Because casein is amphiphilic, hydrophobic drugs could be loaded inside to form a protein-based drug delivery system. In this study, we studied the optimum conditions for casein nanoparticle formation using natural metal ions present in the body, such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron. It was confirmed that nanoparticles have a uniform size of around 150 nm and negative zeta potential values. In addition, it was demonstrated that casein nanoparticles have a cell viability of more than 80% and efficient intracellular uptake properties using confocal microscopy. From the results, it was also shown that the casein nanoparticles prepared using various metal ions have the potential to be biocompatible drug delivery carriers.

SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF BOVINE αS1-CASEIN GENOMIC DNA

  • Lin, C.S.;Huang, M.C.;Choo, K.B.;Tseng, Y.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.541-547
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    • 1993
  • A phage clone containing the partial ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein gene was isolated from a bovine genomic library by using mixed probes of ovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-, ${\beta}$- and ${\kappa}$-casein cDNAs. Restriction enzyme mapping analysis for 14.6 kb revealed that the map was in conflict with the report of Meade et al. (1990), especially in the 3'-end fragment. Sequence analysis of 12.6 kb revealed a high AT/GC ratio (1.64); we have identified eight exon sequences according to the bovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein cDNA sequence. The same exon/intron splice junction sequence was observed between these exons. We suggest that the bovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein gene night contain a minimum of 18 exons and the full length is approximately 18-19 kb.

Regulatory Sequences in the 5' Flanking Region of Goat β-Casein Gene

  • Huang, Mu-Chiou;Chao, Jiunn-Shiuan
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.11
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    • pp.1628-1633
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    • 2001
  • A goat ${\beta}$-casein gene was cloned and sequenced. Our previous study had determined the nucleotide sequences of the 5' flanking region and the structural gene including all 9 exons. In the present study, investigations were done on the regulatory sequences in the 5' flanking region of the goat ${\beta}$-casein gene by aligning and comparing it with the same gene from other mammals. The results showed that -200/-1 bp of the 5' flanking sequences contained six conserved clusters, in which the sites of gene expression regulated by the transcription factor and hormone might exist. It showed that fourteen glucocorticoid receptor elements, two cAMP responsive elements, two SV40 virus enhancer core sequences, two OCT-1 binding elements and one CTF/NF-1 binding element were dispersed in the 5' flanking region of goat ${\beta}$-casein gene. Our findings are perhaps valuable for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that control the expression of the goat ${\beta}$-casein gene.

Grafting of Casein onto Polyacrylonitrile Fiber for Surface Modification

  • Jia Zhao;Du Shanyi
    • Fibers and Polymers
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.235-240
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    • 2006
  • Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber was grafted with casein after alkaline hydrolysis and chlorination reactions of the original fiber. The structures and morphologies of the casein grafted fiber were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moisture absorption, specific electric resistance, water retention value, and mechanical properties were also investigated. The results showed that casein was grafted onto the surface of the PAN fiber and the grafted PAN fiber presented better hygroscopicity compared with the untreated fiber. With proper tensile strength, the modified fiber could still meet the requirement for wearing. A mechanism was proposed to explain the deposit of casein on the synthetic acrylic fiber.

산양유 ${\beta}$-Casein의 효소 가수분해 특성과 가수분해물의 Angiotensin Converting Emzyme 저해효과

  • Park, Yong-Guk;Kim, Geo-Yu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.304-306
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 산양유 ${\beta}$-casein의 효소에 의한 가수분해 특성과 가수분해물의 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme의 저해 효과를 측정하고자 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 산양유 ${\beta}$-casein은 Mono S HR 5/5 양이온 교환 컬럼에서 분리하여 SDS-PAGE로 순수하게 분리된 것을 확인하였다. 2. 분리된 ${\beta}$-casein을 Trypsin으로 처리하여 가수분해물의 ACE저해 활성을 측정한 결과 가수분해 하지 않은 ${\beta}$-casein은 1.8%의 저해활성을 나타낸 반면, 가수분해한 ${\beta}$-casein은 25.36%의 저해활성을 나타내어 ACE 저해활성이 크게 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 3. 가수분해물의 $IC_{50}$을 측정한 결과 $308.7{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$로 나타났다.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILK PROTEIN PHENOTYPES AND LACTATION TRAITS IN AYRSHIRES AND JERSEYS

  • Kim, S.;Ng-Kwai-Hang, K.F.;Hayes, J.F.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.685-693
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    • 1996
  • A total of 3,610 Ayrshire and 1,711 Jersey cows were phenotyped for the genetic variants of ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein, ${\beta}$-casein, $\chi$-casein, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin. Least squares analyses showed possible associations between milk protein phenotypes and lactational production traits. Depending on lactation number, ${\beta}$-casein phenotypes in Ayrshires were associated with milk production ($A^2A^2$ > $A^1A^2$ > $A^1A^1$), and with milk protein content. In the third lactation, Ayrshire cows with ${\beta}$-casein $A^1A^1$ produced milk with 3.43% fat compared to 3.37% fat for ${\beta}$-casein $A^2A^2$. In Ayrshire, $\chi$-casein phenotypes affected the protein content during the three lactations (BB > AB > AA) and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin phenotypes significantly influenced the milk fat during the first lactation (4.06% for AA and 3.97% for BB). In Jerseys, protein content of milk was influenced by phenotypes of ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein(3.98% for CC v/s 3.86% for BB in the first lactation). In the third lactation, $\chi$-casein AA of Jersey milk contained 5.35% fat compared to 4.82% for phenotype BB. The effects of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin phenotypes on protein content were apparent in Jerseys during the second lactation with the A variant being superior to the B (4.00% for AA v/s 3.87% for BB).

Effect of Casein on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Shoot Apical Meristem Explants of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) (고구마 정단분열조직으로부터 체세포배발생 및 식물체 재분화에 미치는 casein의 영향)

  • Shin, Kong-Sik;Roh, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Yeon-Hee;Park, Young-Whan;Suh, Seok-Cheol
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2004
  • An efficient protocol has been developed for rapid mass propagation of sweetpotato from shoot-tips derived embryogenic callus. Optimal embryogenic callus was induced from shoot apical meristem explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D. The addition of casein hydrolysate in the media increased the embryogenesis efficiency of sweetpotato. Somatic embryos were easily induced from the embryogenic callus on MS basal medium containing 300-500mg/L casein hydrolysate without phytohormon. Treatment of casein hydrolysate (100∼300mg/L) with 1mg/L 2,4-D also improved the secondary embryonic efficiency from somatic embryos below 2mm in length. Plant regeneration was achieved via somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis. Regenerated planlets with well developed shoots and roots on MS basal medium were successfully transferred to soil.

Metabolism Changes in Growing Rats Fed Diets with Different Levels of Lead and Protein (납(Pb)과 단백질 수준을 달리한 식이로 사육한 성장기 흰쥐의 체내대사 변화)

  • 김미경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.323-332
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    • 1986
  • This study was performed to see the effects of lead poisoning and dietary protein levels(6, 15 and 40 % casein diets) on growth, protein and lipid metabolisms in growing rats. It was also investigated whether the high protein intake would alleviate lead toxicity by decreasing Pb absorption and/or increasing Pb excretion. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1) Weight gain, F.E.R liver weight, weight and length of bone in Pb-administered groups were lower than in Pb-free groups. However, these values in the 40% casein diet group with Pb were increased to the level in 15% casein diet group without Pb. 2) Hematocrt and hemoglobin content in blood were lower in Pb -adminstered groups than in Pb free groups. Especially, these levels were lower in 6% casein diet group with Pb than in any other group. 3) Plasma protein level in th e 40% casein casein diet group was the highest of all groups and those of Pb-administered groups tended to be lower than those of Pb-free groups. Plasma lipid and cholesterol levels were increased with decreasing dietary protein level, and these levels were higher in the animals exposed to Pb than in free groups.4) Total liver protein, lipid and cholesterol contents were increased with increasing dietary protein level, and these contents were lower in Pb-administered groups than in Pb free groups. 5) Fecal Pb excretion was not different between 6 and 40% casein diet groups. However, urinary Pb excretion was higher in the 40% casein diet group than in the 6% casein diet group. Above results suggest that, in exposing to the Pb pollution, sufficient protien intake must be recommended. High protein intake seemed to alleviate lead toxicity by increasing urinary Pb excretion.

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