• 보험의학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.233-244
• /
• 1986

We'd experienced a case of primary hepatoma at medical department, Dae han Kyoyuk Ins. Company January 1985. As it was found very early stage, we made out the case long term-survival possibility unexpectedly. The conclusions we gained, making comparative-analysis of ultrasonic view and operation's view are as follows; 1. By ultrasonography, echogenicity of tumor was increased type as compared with liver parenchyme. 2. The margin of the primary hepatoma by ultrasonography encapsulated well and the extraction after operation was same. 3. The boundary of tumor was clear. 4. The space-occupying lesion in liver was solitary. 5. The affected site was left lobe of the liver. 6. We couldn't discover a little fluid echo in upper abdomen on the ultrasonography, but could see in the cul-de-sac area and it accorded with the gross finding during laparotomy. 7. The case was cholangiocarcinoma in view of pathologic histology. 8. After the operation of lobectomy. the prognosis which was passed a months was very satisfactory and she exists until present.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 1991

The parents of twenty-five patients with cleft lip(with or without cleft palate), CL(P) and the parents of fifteen non-cleft patients were studied. Area measurements of cranium of brain case from lateral and frontal roentgenograms. The most important finding of this investigation was that the CL/CP parents had a significantly smaller brain case than did the control subjects. A smaller brain case may well be one morphological characteristic predisposing toward the cleft anomaly. The results obtained were as follows, 1) Total area measurements for brain case of parents of CWCP patients were significantly smaller than those in the control group, on the frontal view. 2) A significantly smaller parietal and occipital region on the frontal view vas noted in the parents of CL/CP patients. 3) A significantly smaller parietal region on the lateral view was noted in the mothers of CL/CP patients. 4) A significantly smaller mastoid area on the lateral view was noted in the parents of CL/CP patients.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.282-287
• /
• 1997

Malaria due to Plasmodium vivax had been known as an indigenous protozoan disease in Korea. However, massive use of insecticides and improvement of sanitation for several decades have led to rapid reduction of malaria incidence, then it was recognized to have been almost eradicated in recent years. However in 1993, one case was reported in Phajoo, Kyungki-do, and then, reported cases have been increasing annually. Recently we encountered one case of malaria in a 3 year old male child living in Dorim-dong, Seoul, who had never been abroad and had no history of transfusion, drug abuse, and travel to endemic area in Korea. He had characteristic fever, chill and splenomegaly and was confirmed as Plasmodium vivax malaria with peripheral blood smear finding. He was successfully treated with hydroxy chloroquine and primaquine. We report this case with brief review of related literature.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.45-64
• /
• 2018

The global information economy is transforming the way people connect with each other, learn new things, and contribute to the knowledge society. With the online platform, library services have also expanded beyond face to face interaction. Although studies of virtual reference services have been made in different parts of the world, a case study discussing various forms of online reference engagement in Kazakhstan has not been written. While most of the theories on connectivism emphasize the context of instruction, the researchers of this paper discussed the tenets as they relate to online engagement. Applying the theory of connectivism, this paper explores through a mixed method the use of various online platforms to enhance engagement connecting library users to information. Findings revealed that differences in patterns of interactions as to platforms, types of queries, and users reveal that students, faculty, and other members of the academic community served by the library have various preferences for communication. The case study further showed that respondents have not maximized the use of VLS but interest in using both synchronous and asynchronous services is clear. Finding connections between sources of information, creating useful information patterns, is essential in learning. Amplifying awareness on the use of VLS giving emphasis to the unique features of each service is useful in order to enable students to see how this platform facilitates learning.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.329-332
• /
• 2021

Although lipoma is a common benign tumor, it occurs relatively infrequently in the oral and maxillofacial areas, and only 31 cases of lipoma in the buccal fat pad have been reported. Herein, we present an extremely rare case of symmetric lipomas in both buccal fat pads. These masses were incidentally discovered during a facelift procedure in a 50-year-old woman with a 4-year history of tamoxifen use. during which she had gained 10 kg. The patient stated that cheek protrusion had developed concomitantly with weight gain and was exacerbated by an injection lipolysis procedure she had received 1 year previously. This case underscores the importance of paying careful attention to the patient's medication use and surgical history when evaluating suspected cases of lipoma, and sheds light on tamoxifen use and subcutaneous injections of phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholate as potential risk factors for lipoma development.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2023

In the age of Web 3.0, the metaverse is emerging as a new innovative element to replace the Internet. Leading major ICT companies, it is striving to become a metaverse platform or infrastructure-oriented company. Along with the expansion of the VR and AR market, governments of each country are investing large budgets in this field. However, security concerns about metaverse are also growing. In addition to potential damage to infrastructure, platform and services, personal information leakage and privacy damage are expected to increase further. In this study, we investigated and closely analyzed cases of infringement on the infrastructure, platform, and service of Metaverse. We have clearly identified the current state of metaverse security and the characteristics of the risks of greatest concern. The research procedure is composed of a method of determining the metaverse security area for case analysis first and deriving the type of threat by area through the type of infringement. In particular, the results were mapped into Domain, Case, and Threat, and the implications of the results were analyzed. Through these results, researchers want to contribute to finding the right direction of research by clearly understanding the latest metaverse security status.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제28권3D호
• /
• pp.317-323
• /
• 2008

국내는 정보통신(IT) 기술의 발달을 기반으로 BIS, BMS, CNS 등을 통해 교통정보가 실시간으로 제공되고 있으며, 향후 유비쿼터스 시대로 본격적으로 진입하게 되면 개개인의 입맛에 맞는 맞춤형 (대중)교통 정보 제공이 가능하리라 판단된다. 이러한 대중교통 통행정보 제공은 대중교통망에서의 경로탐색알고리즘을 구현함으로써 가능한데, 대중교통망은 일반가로망과는 달리 환승과 운행시간 특성을 포함하며, 통행자가 경로선택시 통행거리, 통행요금, 환승횟수 등과 같은 복수의 요소에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사용자에게 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인들을 제약조건으로 구성하고 그들의 상한 값을 변수화 함으로써 사용자의 경로탐색조건을 보다 자의적으로 축소해 나가는 기법을 제안한다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 서비스시간제약조건을 고려한 K경로탐색알고리즘에 기반을 두어 환승횟수, 총통행시간, 좌석확보, 거리비례제의 요금제약, 환승시간을 제약조건으로 구축하고, 최적의 경로를 탐색하는 방법을 제안한 후 서울시 및 수도권 도시철도망에 대하여 적용함으로써 맞춤형 환승교통정보를 구현해 본다. 적용되는 K경로탐색알고리즘은 전체경로삭제(Entire Path Deletion Method)에 근거한 후, 시간종속적(Time-Dependent)인 개념으로 확장하여 향후 여행전(Pre-Trip), 여행중(In-Vehicle Route Guidance), 실시간적인 경로계획(Path Planning)에도 활용될 수 있는 기반을 구축하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 춘계종합학술대회 A
• /
• pp.179-182
• /
• 2008

실제 도로 교통망에서 경로를 탐색할 때 방향전환에 대해 고려해야 한다. 왜냐하면 차량이 이동할 때 교차로나 진입도로 등과 같이 방향전환이 있을 경우 교통신호 또는 속력감속으로 인한 운행시간이 지연될 수 있기 때문이다. 만약 경로의 직진성을 높일 경우 실제 이동시간이 줄어들 가능성이 있다. 턴 휴리스틱을 적용한 알고리즘은 이와 같은 경우를 고려한 경로탐색 기법이다. 방향전환에 따라 서로 다른 가중치를 부여한 이 기법은 경로의 직진성을 높였으나, 탐색 비용이 증가하였다. 이 논문에서는 개선된 턴 휴리스틱을 적용한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 가변적인 턴 휴리스틱을 사용한다. 즉, 경로탐색 중 일부 구간에 대해서만 턴 휴리스틱을 적용함으로써, 기존연구에 비해 탐색 비용을 줄일 가능성을 높였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.174-177
• /
• 2009

Parathyroid cyst are rare lesion of the neck and superior mediastinum. They are classified as either functional or nonfunctional based on the presence or absence of hyperparathyroidism. They typically present as a palpable neck mass, or as an incidental finding during neck surgery. So, it must be included within the differential diagnosis of a neck lump. A 48-year old woman was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of left anterior neck mass. Physical finding showed soft, movable, non-tender mass on the lower left third of the neck. Laboratory findings revealed normal thyroid function and normal serum calcium level. On previous history, patient underwent two times sono-guided fine needle aspiration at local clinic, and about 10cc clear watery aspirate was noted. Computerized tomography findings showed non-enhancing hypodense cystic lesion on left thyroid area with tracheal deviation to right side. Preoperative diagnosis was thyroid cyst, and thyroidectomy was planed. Intra-operative finding showed huge cystic mass occupying the left thyroid area and smooth, shiny, semitransparent thin cyst wall was noted, which was loosely attached to the thyroid. The cyst was easily dissected free from the thyroid and surrounding tissues. After cyst removal, pathological study confirmed as a parathyroid cyst.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.121-142
• /
• 2001

The goal of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement(NAEA) 2001 was to affirm the accountability of school education, to scientifically manage and elevate the quality of education at the national level, and to articulate the final design of the NAEA. It was implemented on June 28th of the year 2001. The assessment frame for NAEA includes the achievement standards, the assessment standards, the instruction for the item development, and the grading policy for mathematics subject. Most of items are multiple-choice types, but the performance-based items should be at least thirty percent of the total items, also 30% in case of mathematics. Approximately 1% of students among entire population of the Grades 6 were randomly selected. Therefore, the finally sampled examines were 8023 at Grade 6. The result of the analysis of the NAEA revealed that Grade 6 students was labelled as ‘average’ level in general (Number and Operation: average, Geometric figures: average, Patterns and Functions: excellent, Measurements: average, Letters and Expressions: average, Probability and Statistics: average). The most characteristic finding was that except for Grade 6(its average is 69.92), most secondary students obtained low test scores and its average of each grade is below 50 out of 100. Especially, the scores on the performance-based items were by and large very low. This finding implies that Korean students are not familiar with the kind of test items which requires expression of ideas and feelings and they are rather familiar with the multiple-choice items. Another interesting finding was that the students in small towns and remote areas showed significantly low scores in all four skills compared with Seoul, metropolitan cities and medium and small cities. This may be attributed from the fact that the remote areas do not have equal learning environment with regard to social and cultural experience, supply of various teaching materials, extracurricular lessons which are directly related to teaching and learning. These findings may be utilized as a reliable resource fur improving curriculum and teaching and learning in Mathematics.