• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3153-3157
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• 2015

Background: Incidence and mortality rates for cancer have increased dramatically in the recent 30 years in Taiwan. However, not all patients receive treatment. Treatment refusal might impair patient survival and life quality. In order to improve this situation, we proposed this study to evaluate factors that are related to refusal of treatment in cancer patients via a cancer case manager system. Materials and Methods: This study analysed data from a case management system during the period from 2010 to 2012 at a medical center in Northern Taiwan. We enrolled a total of 14,974 patients who were diagnosed with cancer. Using the PRECEDE Model as a framework, we conducted logistic regression analysis to identify independent variables that are significantly associated with refusal of therapy in cancer patients. A multivariate logistic regression model was also applied to estimate adjusted the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: A total of 253 patients (1.69%) refused treatment. The multivariate logistic regression result showed that the high risk factors for refusal of treatment in cancer patient included: concerns about adverse effects (p<0.001), poor performance(p<0.001), changes in medical condition (p<0.001), timing of case manager contact (p=.026), the methods by which case manager contact patients (p<0.001) and the frequency that case managers contact patients (${\geq}10times$) (p=0.016). Conclusions: Cancer patients who refuse treatment have poor survival. The present study provides evidence of factors that are related to refusal of therapy and might be helpful for further application and improvement of cancer care.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.609-624
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to give the guideline to the pattern designing by supplying various images of the transformed shape of tailored collar with the location and angle of gorge line and laying measurement of the tailored collar while designing the tailored collar. The results of this study are as follows : Images of the sample at the case of 1cm of laying measurement looks 'urban', 'light', 'sharp', 'young', 'fashionable' and 'narrow' than that at the case of 7cm. When the laying measurement increases, the image of the sample looks more 'classical' and 'boorish'. The image of the sample 'light', 'sensuous' and 'young' at the case of sample of which laying measurements of the collar was 3cm. Second, at the case of sample whose laying measurements of the collar was 5cm, it was shown that the low location of gorge line made the image of the sample 'soft' and 'short'. On the other hand the image of the sample looked 'hard', 'keen' and 'long' by the high location of gorge line. Third, at the case of sample of which laying measurements of the collar was 7cm, low location of gorge line made the image of the sample look short. However, normal location of gorge line made the image of the sample looked 'fashionable'. The images of the samples of which laying measurements of the collar were 3cm, 5cm and 7cm, respectively, had changed with the angle of gorge line. First, the high angle of gorge line made the image of the sample 'rigid' and 'keen' at the case of sample of which laying measurements of the collar was 3cm. The high angle of gorge line made the image of the sample looked 'boorish' and 'singular'.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

Purpose: Various studies on a light shelf are in progress, but it has the problem of glare occurrence. The present study suggested a diffusion film as the method for resolving the glare problem, and aimed to establish light shelf-related basic data by conducting the performance evaluation of a light shelf depending on the installation position of the diffusion film. Method: To carry out the light shelf performance evaluation depending on the diffusion film installation position, three cases were established: no diffusion film installation (Case 1), diffusion film installation on the reflector (Case 2), and diffusion film installation on the upper glass surface of the window for light shelf installation (Case 3); and the energy reduction performance, luminance, and luminance contrast were analyzed based on a testbed. Result: The conclusions of this study are as follows. 1) When the diffusion film was applied, the amount of light introduced through the light shelf decreased, and the average indoor illumination decreased accordingly. 2) For Case 3, the lighting energy reduction performance was identical to the lighting energy reduction efficiency of the existing light shelf; and for Case 2, it was found to be inappropriate as the lighting energy consumption increased compared to that of the existing light shelf. 3) The analysis of the glare for the cases established in this study showed that the luminance contrast was low for Case 3, and thus the glare problem could be minimized. 4) The specific angle of the light shelf could induce the glare problem by increasing the luminance depending on the external condition. 5) Based on the aforementioned contents, the installation position of the diffusion film for improving the lighting performance and glare problem of the light shelf was found to be the upper glass surface of the window for light shelf installation.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the needs of case management between Medical aid beneficiaries with simple and multiple chronic diseases (SCD vs MCD). Methods: The study employed secondary analysis method using a cross-sectional data from 2009 case management service enrollees. Data on 35,862 beneficiaries who have chronic disease(s) were used in the description of chronic disease characteristics, and data on 20,392 beneficiaries, excluding those who have depression and/or disabilities, were used to compare the group differences. Results: Mean age was $68.8{\pm}11.63years$, and 73.3% were females. MCD group showed an older age, had more women than SCD group. Self-care ability and appropriateness of health care utilization were significantly different between the groups, but there was no difference in health-related quality of life. In subscales, there were significant differences in general health status, depression, symptom management, healthy lifestyle, hygiene and vaccination, and appropriateness of health utilization. Conclusion: Different characteristics between patients with simple and multiple chronic diseases indicate that different case management approaches are required for these groups. The study results could be used as a basis for the development of case management model tailored to the characteristics and needs of medical-aid beneficiaries.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 2009

This study reviewed the basic principle of "Maximalism" fashion and analyzed the properties of fashion types with found the frequencies of various styles and design factors of "Maximalism" fashion in collection. The limits of this study is from 2001, s/s, maximalism was embossed in a modem fashion, to 2007, f/w, and collected the fashion collection pictures from www.samsungdesign.net and www.style.com. The results of this study are as follows. First, the most frequent style of "Maximalism" design showed in International fashion collection was "exaggerated style." Second, the design factors of "Maximalism" fashion were also examined. In case of silhouette, "hourglass silhouette" was the most frequent silhouette. In case of pattern, "solid" color was the most frequently used. In case of materials, the soft materials were the most frequently used. Third, the frequencies of design factors of maximalism by presentation types was compared and analyzed. In case of expansion, "bulk silhouette" was the most frequent silhouette to be appeared, and about multi-ethnic, futurelism, and elegance, "hourglass silhouette" was frequent appeared. In case of pattern, "solid" color was the most frequently used in all types. In case of materials, the hard materials were the most frequently used in expansion, multi-ethnic and futurelism. "Maximalism" fashion which is most splendid trend would grow up rapidly in the modem fashion market and influence on the other fashion trend in our every day life. Consequently, this research can be referred as practical information in fashion marketing and it will contribute to the future fashion research as well.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-178
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• 2011

Korea ranks high among the OECD member countries with a high out-of-pocket share. In 2006, the government implemented in full scale the policy of extending the health insurance benefit coverage. Included in the policy are lowering the out-of-pocket share of patients of serious case and expanding the medical bill ceiling system to mention just a few. This study proposes to confirm effectiveness of the benefit extension policy by identifying changes in 'out-of-pocket expenditure as a share of the ability to pay' and 'incidence rate of catastrophic health care expenditure' of each individual household as manifested before and after the benefit extension policy was implemented. The 1st and 3rd year data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA), were used for the analysis, where low-income households and ordinary households are sampled separately. While the absolute amount of 'out-of-pocket expenditure' occurred to the average household increased for the period 2005-2007, the 'out-of-pocket expenditure as a share of the ability to pay' decreased. At the same time, the share decreased in the case of low-income households and households with patients of chronic or serious case as contrasted with ordinary households. 'Incidence rates of catastrophic health care expenditure' of ordinary households for 2007 stood at 14.6%, 5.9% and 2.8% at the threshold of 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. The rates decreased overall between 2005 and 2007, while those of low-income households with patients of serious case statistically significantly increased. An analysis of this study indicates that it is related with the medical bill ceiling system regardless of incomes introduced in 2007.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

This study intends to analyse the economical aspect of a GSHP(Ground Source Heat Pump) system compared to the conventional system which is consisted with a boiler and a chiller. This study has simulated four systems in Incheon. It developed and analyzed for applications in a residential and an office building which was based on the hourly EPI(Energy Performance Index, $kWh/m^2yr$). Case 1 is utilizing a boiler and a chiller to meet heating and cooling demand of a house. Case 2 is utilizing the same conventional set up as Case 1 of a office. Case 3 is summation of Case 1(house) and 2(office) systems and loads. And Case 4 is utilizing a GSHP to meet the combined loads of the house and office. The method of the economic assessment has been based on IEA ECBCS Annex 54 Subtask-C SPB(Simple Payback) method. The SPB calculated the economic balanced year of the alternative system over the reference system. The SPB of the alternative systems (GSHP) with 10%, 30% and 50% initial incentive has been calculated as 9.38, 6.72 and 4.06 year respectively while the SPB without initial incentive of systems was 10.71 year.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2018

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is defined as middle ear effusion without acute signs of infection. OME usually resolves spontaneously; however, persistent OME may require the insertion of a ventilation tube. This study investigated risk factors for persistent OME in children who undergo ventilation tube insertion. Methods: Children who were admitted to undergo ventilation tube insertion at Jeju National University Hospital between August 2015 and July 2016 were enrolled as the case group. Healthy children without persistent OME from August 2016 to July 2017 were enrolled as the control group. Baseline characteristics and predisposing factor data were collected using an interview questionnaire. Middle ear fluids were collected from the case group. Results: A total of 31 patients underwent ventilation tube insertion. The mean age of the case group was 4.53 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 21:10. Twenty-nine (93.5%) children attended a daycare center, and 21 (67.7%) had experience with bottle feeding. Fifteen (48.4%) children in the case group and 3 (9.7%) in the control group first attended a daycare center at <1 year of age (odds ratio=9.96; 95% confidence interval=2.44-39.70; p=0.001). No bacteria were found in middle ear fluid collected from the 31 operated children. Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization was found in 13 (41.9%) and 17 (54.8%) children in the case and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: Earlier attendance at a daycare center was the only predisposing factor for ventilation tube insertion in our study. The aseptic nature of middle ear fluids found in children with OME highlights the efficacy of antimicrobial use.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.341-362
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• 2018

Objective : This study's purpose was to review the clinical studies of Oryeong-San. Method : We searched papers about Oryeong-San using KISS, KTKP, PUBMED, Embase, Science Direct, and the key words "Goreisan", "Goreito", "Wu Ling San", "Oryeongsan", "Poria Five Powder" were used. Papers not matched with inclusion criteria were excluded. Results : Until today, there have been 133 studies on the effects of head diseases, urinary system diseases, edema, and other various effects of Oryeong-San. Of these, 23 studies were classified as clinical research papers. There were 8 cases of head diseases, 5 cases of urinary system diseases, 3 cases of edema, 2 cases of adjuvant, 1 case of Dysmenorrhea, 1 case of Primary Hypertension, 1 case of Primary Insomnia, 1 case of hydrocele, 1 case of side effects causing TINU syndrome. Conclusion : It can be seen that Oryeong-San has established the basis for application to the purpose of head disease(chronic subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus, hearing loss), urinary system disease(stone, urinary tract infection), edema, adjuvant, other hypertension and insomnia. On the other hand, considering one case that causes side effect of TINU syndrome, caution should be exercised when observing the progress of the patient taking the Oryeong-San.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2019

LPG is increasingly being used as a clean energy source due to the continuous strengthening of environmental regulations. In addition, the demand of propane which is the basic compound for petrochemicals is increasing for propylene production. In the study, a divided wall column was used as de-propanizer and de-butanizer, which is expected to save large amount of energy among the four conventional distillation columns used for processing LPG. The simulation results showed a decrease of energy duty with ESI by 30.30% using two divided wall columns. Furthermore, simulation case studies were carried out with respect to design and operation condition. The main column tray and withdrawal tray were determined from the design case studies while the internal liquid flow and vapor flow were decided from the operating case studies. Also, ESI of 1.06% could be achieved from the case studies. According to the results, the simulation method used showed that it is greatly helpful to the design and evaluate a highly efficient divided wall column.