• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.402-407
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• 2014

In this study, Italy poplar(Populus euramericana) was selected for test specimen to measure cutting power when it harvested. The experiment has been controlled as three levels of feed rate (0.41, 1.25 and 2.5 m/s), sawing speed (800, 1,000 and 1,200 rpm), and the five levels of root collar diameter (50, 70, 90 and 110, 130 mm). The harvested volume after 3 years (root collar diameter 50 mm) was 10.5 tons, which falls short of the target amount of biomass is 20~30 ton/ha. In addition, the biomass amount of diameter 90 and 110 mm which reached the target amount were estimated to be 23.5 and 32.5 ton/ha respectively. As a result of experiment, it was found out that power of 128.2 and 175.8 W are consumed in case of cutting with the feed rate of 0.41m/s and minimum sawing speed (800 rpm) respectively. With the working area of 0.3 ha/h, it is considered to present working capacities of 16.5 and 22.8 ton/h respectively. The power consumed at the feed rate of 1.25 m/s is estimated to be 113.8 and 153.7W respectively and working capacity in a working area of 1 ha/h is estimated to be 23.5 and 32.5 ton/h. The power consumed at the feed rate of 2.5 m/s is estimated to be 119.8 and 166.9 W respectively and working capacity in a working area of 2 ha/h is estimated to be 47.0 and 65.5 ton/ha respectively. Therefore, the power source of harvest machine at the feed rate of 1.25, 2.50 m/s and sawing speed of 800 rpm shall be selected as it can process the target amount of estimated biomass.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2014

Seabed beneath and near coastal structures may undergo large excess pore water pressure composed of oscillatory and residual components in the case of long durations of high wave loading. This excess pore water pressure may reduce effective stress and, consequently, the seabed may liquefy. If liquefaction occurs in the seabed, the structure may sink, overturn, and eventually increase the failure potential. In this study, to evaluate the liquefaction potential on the seabed, numerical analysis was conducted using the expanded 2-dimensional numerical wave tank to account for an irregular wave field. In the condition of an irregular wave field, the dynamic wave pressure and water flow velocity acting on the seabed and the surface boundary of the composite breakwater structure were estimated. Simulation results were used as input data in a finite element computer program for elastoplastic seabed response. Simulations evaluated the time and spatial variations in excess pore water pressure, effective stress, and liquefaction potential in the seabed. Additionally, the deformation of the seabed and the displacement of the structure as a function of time were quantitatively evaluated. From the results of the analysis, the liquefaction potential at the seabed in front and rear of the composite breakwater was identified. Since the liquefied seabed particles have no resistance to force, scour potential could increase on the seabed. In addition, the strength decrease of the seabed due to the liquefaction can increase the structural motion and significantly influence the stability of the composite breakwater. Due to limitations of allowable paper length, the studied results were divided into two portions; (I) focusing on the dynamic response of structure, acceleration, deformation of seabed, and (II) focusing on the time variation in excess pore water pressure, liquefaction, effective stress path in the seabed. This paper corresponds to (II).

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.160-173
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• 2014

Seabed beneath and near coastal structures may undergo large excess pore water pressure composed of oscillatory and residual components in the case of long durations of high wave loading. This excess pore water pressure may reduce effective stress and, consequently, the seabed may liquefy. If liquefaction occurs in the seabed, the structure may sink, overturn, and eventually increase the failure potential. In this study, to evaluate the liquefaction potential on the seabed, numerical analysis was conducted using the expanded 2-dimensional numerical wave tank to account for an irregular wave field. In the condition of an irregular wave field, the dynamic wave pressure and water flow velocity acting on the seabed and the surface boundary of the composite breakwater structure were estimated. Simulation results were used as input data in a finite element computer program for elastoplastic seabed response. Simulations evaluated the time and spatial variations in excess pore water pressure, effective stress, and liquefaction potential in the seabed. Additionally, the deformation of the seabed and the displacement of the structure as a function of time were quantitatively evaluated. From the results of the analysis, the liquefaction potential at the seabed in front and rear of the composite breakwater was identified. Since the liquefied seabed particles have no resistance to force, scour potential could increase on the seabed. In addition, the strength decrease of the seabed due to the liquefaction can increase the structural motion and significantly influence the stability of the composite breakwater. Due to limitations of allowable paper length, the studied results were divided into two portions; (I) focusing on the dynamic response of structure, acceleration, deformation of seabed, and (II) focusing on the time variation in excess pore water pressure, liquefaction, effective stress path in the seabed. This paper corresponds to (I).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.398-410
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• 1982

Summer crops grown in uplands are greatly diversified and show a large variation in difference with year and location in Korea. The principal factor for the variation is weather, in which precipitation and temperature play a leading role and such a weather factors as wind, sun lights also influence production of the summer crops. Since artificial control of weather conditions as a main stress factor for crop production is almost impossible, it must be minimized only by an improvement of cultivation techniques and crop improvement. Precipitation plays a role as one of the most important factor for production of the summer crops and it is considered in two aspects, drought and excess moisture. This country, which belongs to monsoon territory, necessarily encounter one of this stress almost every year, even though the level is different. Therefore, the facilities for both drought and excess moisture are required, but actually it is not easy to complete for them. On this account, crops tolerant to drought, excess moisture and pests should be considered for establishing summer crops. For the districts damaged habitually every season, adequate crops should be cultured and appropriate method of planting, drainage and weed control should be applied diversely. Injuries by temperature is mainly attributed to lower temperature particularly in late fall and early spring, although higher temperature often causes some damages depending upon the kind of crops. Sometimes, lower temperature in summer season playa critical role for yield reduction in the summer crops. However, certain crops are prevented to some extent from this kind of stress by improving varieties tolerant to cold, hot weather or early maturing varieties. As is often the case, control of planting time or harvesting is able to be a good management for escaping the stress. Lodging, plant diseases and pests are considered as a direct or indirect damage due to weather stress, but these are characters able to be overcome by means of crop improvement and also controlled by other suitable methods. In addition, polytical supports capable of improving constitution of agriculture into modern industry is urgently required by programming of data for the damages, establishment of damage forecasting and compensation system.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.425-436
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• 2004

A new design field called eDesign appears as if eBiz is an online related business in which an industrialized design creates the individual value added facing a digital revolution. The field of eDesign requires a special design process and management methodology regardless of the fact that human sensitivity will be satisfied through a dehumanized computer technique. However, it is the reality of eDesign that has been dependent upon a simple process or project management tool of general design. In this study, we develop an eDesign platform based on an eDesign process and template mainly focused on eBusiness in order to overcome the wrong situation. The template is a kind of document that has a standardization form. We aim to establish a general process through various case projects, store information using a necessary template, and use for the way of visual communication. We propose a standard of eDesign platform that can be widely applied to the field of design, medium and small enterprises focused on IT businesses or design-team through this project performed as an educational-industrial study. It makes it possible to get a detailed process methodology, which can be applied to many small design related companies that don't have their own process yet, and will be a scale for comparing their own process in which the company has a process of opened standard eDesign with it. In addition, it makes possible a systematic control of the own projects within and outside the firm, accumulating information for the firm through the database, and easy communication. Furthermore, it can be applied to check the process of the project as a checklist, and then it will reduce trial and error repeated for every project that has been done.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2015

It is known that polymer concretes are 8~10 times more expensive than ordinary Portland cement concretes; therefore, in the production of polymer concrete products, it is very important to reduce the amount of polymer binders used because this occupies the most of the production cost of polymer concretes. In order to develop a technology for the reduction of polymer binders, smooth and spherical aggregates were prepared by the atomizing technology using the oxidation process steel slag (electric arc furnace slag, EAFS) and the reduction process steel slag (ladle furnace slag, LFS) generated by steel industries. A reduction in the amount of polymer binders used was expected because of an improvement in the workability of polymer concretes as a result of the ball-bearing effect and maximum filling effect in case the polymer concrete was prepared using the smooth and spherical atomized steel slag instead of the calcium carbonate (filler) and river sand (fine aggregate) that were generally used in polymer concretes. To investigate physical properties of the polymer concrete, specimens of the polymer concrete were prepared with various proportions of polymer binder and replacement ratios of the atomized reduction process steel slag. The results showed that the compressive strengths of the specimens increased gradually along with the higher replacement ratios of the atomized steel slag, but the flexural strength showed a different maximum strength depending on the addition ratio of polymer binders. In the hot water resistance test, the compressive strength, flexural strength, bulk density, and average pore diameter decreased; but the total pore volume and porosity increased. It was found that the polymer concrete developed in this study was able to have a 19% reduction in the amount of polymer binders compared with that of the conventional product because of the remarkable improvement in the workability of polymer concretes using the spherical atomized oxidation steel slag and atomized reduction steel slag instead of the calcium carbonate and river sand.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.483-491
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• 2012

This study is to investigate the issues on how to secure stability during the purification process for the production of recombinant protein A. The final recombinant protein A is produced by passing through the cation exchange column (SP) and the anion-exchange column (Q) during the production process, for which the samples produced by the step-by-step processes can be exposed to trouble in securing stable storage in case the next process cannot be taken within the proper time period. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the proper storage conditions and length of time when storing samples produced in the production process. That is, in this study, how to store fair samples, how long the storage period should be set up, and how to evaluate the security of its quality depending on time are dealt with. The items to be experimented with were enodotoxin, SDS-PAGE, HPLC purity and concentration. Experimental results showed that after passing the cation exchange column, when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ or room temperature, SDS-PAGE showed a major band, endotoxin is 5.0 Eu/mg or less, and concentration is on average of 8.21 to 8.24 mg/mL and RSD% 0.10~0.62%. In addition, HLPC purity showed somewhat stable results; at the HPLC purity 214 nm, the average is 99.24% to 99.37% and RSD% is 0.22~0.29%, while the average is 89.72% to 89.80% and RSD% 0.62~1.26% at 280 nm. On the contrary, after passing the anion exchange column, when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ or room temperature, SDS-PAGE revealed the major band, endotoxin is 0.5 Eu/mg or less, and concentration is on average of 5.59 mg/mL and RSD% 0.03~0.10%. when it comes to HLPC purity, the result showed that at the HPLC purity 214 nm, the average is 99.74% and RSD% is 0.10~0.11%, while the average is 96.16% to 96.85% and RSD% 0.72~1.13%. In conclusion, the stability of fair samples of recombinant protein A during the manufacturing process could be obtained without substance decomposition for 7~8 days at $4^{\circ}C$ or 20~21 days at room temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Purpose: Breast cancer is known to be more vulnerable to bone metastasis and lymph node metastasis than other types of cancer, and nuclear examinations whole body bone scan and lymphoscintigraphy are performed commonly before and after breast cancer operation. In case whole body bone scan is performed on the day before lymphoscintigraphy, the radiopharmaceutical taken into and remaining in the bones provides anatomical information for tracking and locating sentinel lymph nodes. Thus, this study purposed to examine how much bone density affects in locating sentinel lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 22 patients (average age $52{\pm}7.2$) who had whole body bone scan and lymphoscintigraphy over two days in our hospital during the period from January to December, 2009. In the blind test, 22 patients (average age $57{\pm}6.5$) who had lymphoscintigraphy using $^{57}Co$ flood phantom were used as a control group. In quantitative analysis, the relative ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was measured by drawing ROIs on sentinel lymph nodes and the background, and in gross examination, each of a nuclear physician and a radiological technologist with five years' or longer field experience examined images through blind test in a five-point scale. Results: In the results of quantitative analysis, the relative ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was 14.2:1 maximum and 8.5:1 ($SD{\pm}3.48$) on the average on the front, and 14.7:1 maximum and 8.5:1 ($SD{\pm}3.42$) on the average on the side. In the results of gross examination, when $^{57}Co$ flood phantom images were compared with images containing bones, the score was relative high as 3.86 ($SD{\pm}0.35$) point for $^{57}Co$ flood phantom images and 4.09 ($SD{\pm}0.42$) for bone images. Conclusion: When whole body bone scan was performed on the day before lymphoscintigraphy, the ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was over 10:1, so there was no problem in locating lymph nodes. In addition, we expect to reduce examination procedures and improve the quality of images by indicating the location of sentinel lymph nodes using bone images as body contour without the use of a source.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 1998

For the newly approach of policy with the old aged era at hand, the result which examines the 1,200 students attending professional colleges and upward in three small-to-medium sized cities, for two months, from October 1, 1996 to November 30, in order to know the change of consciousness of the growing modern young intellectual age group is as follows. 1. The objects of survey consist of 72.1% of women, 40.4% of 20 to 21 age, 49.1% of atheists, and people from big cities and fishing and agrarian village occupy equally 40.2%. Concerning the long-termed residents, 49% of them dwell in big cities. In case of the parents' age is more than 55, 31.5% in fathers, and 10.9% in mothers. 2. The types of housing in which they desire to reside in their getting older are : 72.8% of them hope to live in individual houses, 16.6% in apartments or villas, and 3.4% in social welfare facilities. Out of respondents, compared with other groups, man rather than woman, those who are 20 to 21 age group and from fishing and agrarian villages and have over 7 family members and live with their parents have a higher preference for independent houses. 3. The districts in which they hope to live when they are old are : 41.6% of them, with the highest percent, hope to live in farming villages, the older they are, the more they hope to live in agricultural district, and women of 21 years and upward hope to live in big cities. On the other hand, the preferable degree for social welfare facilities is higher each in people who are 24 years and upward, buddhists, self-boarding students, and the more poorly they are off, the higher the percent is. 4. The types of preferable welfare facilities for the elderly are : 58.2% of them think silver towns desirable, 28.4% think the charged (or free) elderly welfare facilities. Compared with other groups, the percentage which prefer silver towns is higher in women, people from big cities, residents of main family, long-termed city residents, people with higher income, people having grandparents alive, and people who had experience of taking lectures on hygienics or social welfare. 5. 50.3% of the respondents insist that provision of living expenses against old age should be insured by social security system, and 42.8% by the elderly themselves. The percentage of the former shows higher in people of 21 years and upward, women, residents of fishing and agrarian villages, christians, people in more needy circumstances and people who have experience of using a medical institution. 6. Compared with other nations, 54.5% of the respondents have an opinion that elderly welfare and welfare work in Korea stays in insufficient level and most of them are women, people from farming village, residents of head family, people having younger parents and people being worse health condition, and they have a more positive attitude about the elderly welfare work. 7. 92.3% of the respondents answered that a national budget for the elderly welfare is scarce, and the percentage is higher in people who are older, residents of big cities, people in lower living condition and people in worse health condition. 8. 35.2% of the respondents answered that the proper cost of their old age must be over 220mi11ion. The more a family's total income is, the higher the percentage is. 9. The factors which have an effect on the preference of silver towns are sex(p<0.01, the type of the present residence(p<0.05), and a family's total income(p<0.05). 10. From the survey result of the above, we comes to the conclusion that, for the sake of welfare of the increasing elderly population, government authorities and parties concerned must exert their utmost for the elderly welfare by increasing a budget of it and establishing a number of facilities of the elderly welfare and silver towns located in fresh and comfortable villages. In addition, they have to set up a course of hygienics in all the colleges and instruct the contexts on hygienic welfare as well.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1341-1345
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• 2007

There are four kinds of formulas for purging the liver to cure its sthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas : Sagan-tang, Saganhwan, Saseem-san and Saganeum. Another formula called Sacheonghwan, Sacheong-tang and Sacheong-san is to purge the green colour of liver. There are 38 kinds of Sagan-tang, 2 kinds of Saganhwan, 29 kinds of Sagan-san, 5 kinds of Saganeum, 4 kinds of Sacheonghwan, 3 kinds of Sacheong-tang and 1 kind of Sacheong-san. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for purging the liver, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Sagan-tang for curing the sthenic syndrome of liver through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sagan-tang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Sagan-tang. This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sagan-tang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$, the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Sagan-tang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Radix Paeoniae (2don;7.5 g), No.2 Fructus Chaenomelis (1don;3.75 g), No.3 Radix Rehmanniae (1don), No.4 Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis (1don), No.5 Radix Bupleuri (1don), No.6 Radix Scutellariae (1don), and No.7 Radix Glycyrrhizae (1don). There are three methods for curing the sthenic syndrome of liver according to the five elements doctrine : purging the liver, purging the heart and invigorating the lung. In the case of taste purgation, two herbal medicines with sour taste, Radix Paeoniae and Fructus Chaenomelis, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property purgation, two herbal medicines with the cool property, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Scutellariae, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Both sweet and cold herbal medicines, Radix Rehmanniae and Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Sour herbal medicines, Radix Paeoniae and Fructus Chaenomelis, were combined to invigorate the lung. Cool herbal medicines, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Scutellariae, were combined to invigorate the lung and to purge the liver. In addition, Radix Glycyrrhizae are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, harmonizing all the herbal medicines composing the formula. First, to cure the sthenic syndrome of the liver, the methods of purging the liver and the heart, and invigorating the lung should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Sagan-tang is combined according to the above theories.