• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

In this study, the case analysis data on underground temperature are presented. In addition, numerical analysis of the ventilation load reduction plan was derived according to the residence schedule change for the building with cool tube. The research scope and method are as follows. The overall system principle was examined through reviewing the theory of the Cool tube system. Case study and analysis were conducted. Numerical simulation was used to examine the change in energy usage. Also, the change of load energy in case of varying amount of ventilation was derived based on actual building room schedule. When the Cool tube system was applied to the residential buildings, the cooling load was reduced from 3,331 kW to 193 kW, which showed a reduction effect of about 90%.The heating load was reduced from 42,276kW to 32,575kW by 23%.Also, result shows that the cooling load decreased by 24% and the heating load decreased by 66% when the number of ventilation according to the occupancy schedule was applied.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-38
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• 1984

Since the energy shock in 1973, there have been wide studies for the developments of the alternative energy source, the rationalization of the energy utilization and the energy economy because of the recognition of the limitation of energy source all over the world. This study is experimentally examined in and compared with the engine performance of output, torque and fuel consumption rate, and the exhaust emissions with the change of engine rmp in the cases of using water-gashol blends, gashol and gasoline as a fuel in a conventional 4 cycle 4 cylinder gasoline engine. In the case of using water-gashol blends, it is installed by the exhaust manifold pipe into the intake manifold, and water is injected from nozzle fitted up the air horn of the carburetor. The results are obtained as follows; 1. In the case of an addition with water, the engine output and the torque are little difference with the case of gasoline. 2. The fuel consumption rate is decreased as compared with the case of gasoline. Especially, the decrease in quantity is remarkable at the low rpm. 3. The exhaust emissions are remarkably decreased as compared with the case of gasoline. Especially, decreases of CO and HC in quantity are remarkable at the low rpm, and a decrease of No/sub x/ in quantity is remarkable at the high rpm. 4. There is a moderate condition of operation because the producing factors of NO/sub x/ and CO, HC are contrary to each other.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2010

In this paper, we develop the intelligent remote dust chamber bag control system which is combination of the advanced IT and traditional dust chamber based on event. At first, the message format is defined for the efficient dust chamber bag information transmission using power line communication. Also, we define the data types to logically model the dust chamber and the dust chamber bag, and they are logically modeled using XML and object-oriented modeling method. In addition to, we apply the case-based reasoning for showing the dust chamber bag exchange time intelligently to user at real-time using casebase, that is collected by case or case-based reasoning result, and that is described using XML.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2012

As we move from the industrial age to the information age, domestic industries are changing rapidly, and rural society is also laying the foundation to make use of information technologies. Through this kind of modernization, the size of agricultural facilities has been increasing on a significant scale. But, in reality, there are many difficulties in the maintenance of agricultural facilities in proportion to their growing number. Accordingly, this research aims to solve the fundamental problems that occur with agricultural facilities in the maintenance stage. In addition, it aims to provide information on how to maintain and manage facilities for farmers. The presentation of the maintenance information was conducted using a case-based reasoning method that solves current problems based on past cases. The tool of case-based reasoning was applied to define the establishment of the base for cases, characteristic variables and maintenance measures. The effectiveness of a CBR model was examined through the case study. The use of the case-based reasoning method is judged to be effective as a tool to support the decisions of farmers regarding maintenance. When the maintenance measures derived through the CBR model are offered to farmers, the fundamental problems of maintaining agricultural facilities will be solved, and the damage to such facilities minimized.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.45-63
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• 1996

In attempt to determine radiation effect on the mandibular condyle of the growing rat, 27 white female rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided into 3 groups and irradiated respectively 5Gy, 10Gy, 20Gy using MK Cell Irradiator. Mandibular condyles from rats on the day of 1, 7, 14 after the irradiation day were obtained, sectioned sagittally and examined by light microscopy, and thereafter middle portion through anteroposterior direction on the sagittal plane was selected to examine the ultrastructural change by transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results are followings. 1. In the proliferative zone some cells showed little organelles in case of 5Gy irradiation, in addition the number of degenerative cells increased and in case of 10Gy irradiation, and in case of 20 Gy irradiation total number of cells decreased. 2. In the hypertrophic zone, narrowing of width and partial disorder in hypertrophic process were noted in case of 5 Gy irradiation, and more prominent narrowing of width and more irregular disorder in hypertrophic process in case of both 10Gy and 20Gy irradiation. 3. In the upper hypertrophic zone some chondrocytes seemed to be dying and the polarity of nuclei could not be seen, if any. 4. The periodic observation showed the severest change at day 7 and the signs of recovery at day 14 after irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.727-732
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• 2008

This paper presents a mathematical model to predict the behavior of frost formed on an one-dimensional fin of heat exchanger, considering fin heat conduction under frosting conditions. The computational domain consists of air-side, the frost layer, and fin region, and they are coupled to the frost layer. The frost behavior is more accurately predicted with fin heat conduction considered (Case A) than with constant fin surface temperature assumed (Case B). The results indicate that for Case B, the frost thickness and heat transfer are overpredicted in most regions of the fin, as compared with those for Case A. In addition, for Case A, the maximum frost thickness varies little with the fin length variations, and the extension of the fin length after 30mm contributes insignificantly to heat transfer.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2013

This study, a new concept design of the stem and aims to determine the suitability of various carbon/PEEK composite designs for artificial hip joints. Shear stress tested with alternative materials of the Ti-based stem for artificial hip joints. In addition, FEA is conducted according to the fiber ply orientation and the load condition for carbon/PEEK composites. The stem shape of two types was designed through the shape normal of the femur. Multidirectional load cases were used for each FEA model. In the case of general shape, the results show that the stress of ply orientation case II was lower than for cases I and III. On the other hand, in the case of the curved shape, ply orientation case I was lowest. In the case of the Ti stem, the stress of the curved shape was 18% lower than the general shape.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2021

In this study, defluoridation efficiency by aluminium sulphate (alum) and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were compared for recommended Nalgonda dose (100%) and 80% of this dose in both batch and continuous modes. The residual turbidity was found to be higher in case of alum as compared to PACl with 80% dose representing lesser efficient settling of suspensions, which primarily comprise alumino-fluoro complexes that result in high residual aluminium in the treated water and this was confirmed by TEM and Zeta analysis. Moreover, the application of PACl also resulted in much lesser addition to the TDS and also required lesser lime for pH compensation due to its lower acidity. Hence this reduced dose was recommended for defluoridation. It was also observed that in case of alum, residual aluminium in treated water was 0.88 mg/L (100% dose) & 0.72 mg/L (80% dose) and in case of PACl, it was 0.52 mg/L(100% dose) & 0.41 mg/L(80% dose). After subsequent microfiltration, residual aluminium was 0.28 & 0.21 mg/L for 100% & 80% dose respectively and in case of alum and in case of PACl, it was 0.16 & 0.11 for 100% & 80% dose respectively, which conform to the Al standards(<0.2 mg/L).

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.577-582
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• 2011

The newly developed ${\alpha}-case$ controlled mold material for Ti investment castings was suggested in this research. The $Al_2O_3$ mold containing interstitial $TiO_2$ and substitutional $Ti_3Al$ was manufactured by the reaction between $Al_2O_3$ and Ti. It is obvious that as the $TiO_2$ and $Ti_3Al$ content in the mold surface were increased, the depth of the interfacial reaction was significantly reduced. In addition, substitutional $Ti_5Si_3$ in the mold surface owing to the reaction between Ti and $SiO_2$ from the binder was effective for ${\alpha}-case$ reduction. Therefore, the ${\alpha}-case$ reduction was accomplished by the diffusion barrier effect of interstitial $TiO_2$, substitutional $Ti_3Al$ and $Ti_5Si_3$.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2022

The reconstruction of total lower eyelid defects is challenging to plastic surgeons due to the complicated anatomical structure of the eyelid. In addition, in the setting of cancer excision, the resection is deep, which requires some volume augmentation. However, in some cases, free tissue transfer is not applicable. We report a case of using a temporoparietal fascia flap (TPFF) for reconstructing a total lower eyelid defect. A large erythematous mass in an 83-year-old woman was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by biopsy. After wide excision, the defect size was about 8×6 cm. The lower eyelid structures including the tarsus were removed. The TPFF including the superficial temporal artery was elevated and inset to the defect area. After the flap inset, a split-thickness skin graft with an acellular dermal matrix was performed on the fascial flap. There were no wound problems such as infection, dehiscence, or necrosis. After the patient's discharge, partial skin graft loss and ectropion occurred. The complications resolved spontaneously during the postoperative period. We report a case of reconstructing a lower eyelid defect using a TPFF. A TPFF can be applied to patients with large defects for whom free tissue transfer surgery is not appropriate as in this case.