• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.820-830
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose was to develop a preliminary scale to measure Korean adolescents' health behaviors through a qualitative approach, to evaluate the scale psychometrically, and to develop a final scale. Methods: Participants were 61 adolescents for qualitative interviews and 1,687 adolescents for the psychometric evaluation. Procedure included content analysis of interviews to identify health behavior categories for Korean adolescents, pre-test to confirm that preliminary scale items were understandable, content validity by an expert panel, development of the web-based computer-assisted survey (CAS), and psychometric analysis to determine reliability and validity of the final scale. Results: A final scale was developed for both paper-and-pencil and CAS. It consisted of 14 health behaviors (72 items), including stress and mental health (10), sleep habits (5), dietary habits (12), weight control (4), physical activity (4), hygiene habits (5), tobacco use (5), substance use (2), alcohol consumption (4), safety (4), sexual behavior (9), computer use (3), health screening (4), and posture (1). Conclusion: The scale's strong points are: 1) Two thirds of the final scale items are Likert scale items, enabling calculation of a health behavior score. 2) The scale is appropriate to Korean culture. 3) The scale focuses on concrete health behaviors, not abstract concepts.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_1
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• pp.647-660
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• 2022

To prepare an atmospheric correction model suitable for CAS500-4 (Compact Advanced Satellite 500-4), this letter examined an atmospheric correction experiment using Sentinel-2 images having similar spectral characteristics to CAS500-4. Studies to compare the atmospheric correction results depending on different Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data are rarely found. We conducted a comparison of Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH), Sen2Cor, and Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum - Vector (6SV) version 1.1 and 2.1, using Geo-Kompsat 2A (GK2A) Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD data. In this experiment, 6SV2.1 seemed more stable than others when considering the correlation matrices and the output images for each band and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2024

The escalating demands for high-resolution satellite imagery necessitate the dissemination of geospatial data with superior accuracy.Achieving precise positioning is imperative for mitigating geometric distortions inherent in high-resolution satellite imagery. However, maintaining sub-pixel level accuracy poses significant challenges within the current technological landscape. This research introduces an approach wherein upsampling is employed on both the satellite image and ground control points (GCPs) chip, facilitating the establishment of a high-resolution satellite image precision sensor orientation. The ensuing analysis entails a comprehensive comparison of matching performance. To evaluate the proposed methodology, the Compact Advanced Satellite 500-1 (CAS500-1), boasting a resolution of 0.5 m, serves as the high-resolution satellite image. Correspondingly, GCP chips with resolutions of 0.25 m and 0.5 m are utilized for the South Korean and North Korean regions, respectively. Results from the experiment reveal that concurrent upsampling of satellite imagery and GCP chips enhances matching performance by up to 50% in comparison to the original resolution. Furthermore, the position error only improved with 2x upsampling. However,with 3x upsampling, the position error tended to increase. This study affirms that meticulous upsampling of high-resolution satellite imagery and GCP chips can yield sub-pixel-level positioning accuracy, thereby advancing the state-of-the-art in the field.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.497-508
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• 2023

Agricultural reservoirs are crucial structures for water resources monitoring especially in Korea where the resources are seasonally unevenly distributed. Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites, being utilized as tools for monitoring the reservoirs, have unique limitations in that optical sensors are sensitive to weather conditions and SAR sensors are sensitive to noises and multiple scattering over dense vegetations. In this study, we tried to improve water body detection accuracy through optical-SAR data fusion, and quantitatively analyze the complementary effects. We first detected water bodies at Edong, Cheontae reservoir using the Compact Advanced Satellite 500(CAS500), Kompsat-3/3A, and Sentinel-2 derived Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and SAR backscattering coefficient from Sentinel-1 by K-means clustering technique. After that, the improvements in accuracies were analyzed by applying K-means clustering to the 2-D grid space consists of NDWI and SAR. Kompsat-3/3A was found to have the best accuracy (0.98 at both reservoirs), followed by Sentinel-2(0.83 at Edong, 0.97 at Cheontae), Sentinel-1(both 0.93), and CAS500(0.69, 0.78). By applying K-means clustering to the 2-D space at Cheontae reservoir, accuracy of CAS500 was improved around 22%(resulting accuracy: 0.95) with improve in precision (85%) and degradation in recall (14%). Precision of Kompsat-3A (Sentinel-2) was improved 3%(5%), and recall was degraded 4%(7%). More precise water resources monitoring is expected to be possible with developments of high-resolution SAR satellites including CAS500-5, developments of image fusion and water body detection techniques.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2002

BV observations for V523 Cas were performed with 1.8m telescope and 2K CCD camera at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, Korea, on October 27, 1999. ${\Delta}m$ light curves for 11 comparison objects were made. It was found that their light curve slopes are different each other. Factor analysis for items of slope, (b-v) , magnitude, X pixel, and Y pixel results that there is strong correlation between the slope and the location (X,Y). It might be due to problems of CCD cooling system.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

With the increasing development of renewable energy, it is expected that large-scale renewable power would be transported from the west and north area of China to the east and south area. For this reason, it will be necessary to develop a wide-area power grid in which the renewable energy would be the dominant power source, and the power grid will be faced by some critical challenges such as long-distance large-capacity power transmission, the stability of the wide-area power grid and the land use problem for the power grid. The superconducting technology for power (STP) would be a possible alternative for the development of China's future power grid. In last decade, STP has been extensively developed in China. In this paper, we present an overview of the R&D of STP last decade in China including: 1) the development of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials, 2) DC power cables, 3) superconducting power substations, 4) fault current limiters and 5) superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES).

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.840-845
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• 2009

Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1) palys a crucial role in the regulation of transcription downstream of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. MSK1 can be phosphorylated and activated in cells by both ERK1/2 and p38$\alpha$. In this study, Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) was identified as a binding and regulatory partner for MSK1. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, MSK1 was found to interact with the CK2$\beta$ regulatory subunit of CK2. Interactions between MSK1 and the CK2$\alpha$ catalytic subunit and CK2$\beta$ subunit were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. We further found that CK2$\alpha$ can only interact with the C-terminal kinase domain of MSK1. Using site-directed mutagenesis assay and mass spectrometry, we identified five sites in the MSK1 C-terminus that could be phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro: Ser757, Ser758, Ser759, Ser760 and Thr793. Of these, Ser757, Ser759, Ser760 and Thr793 were previously unknown.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_2
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• pp.893-906
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• 2020

This paper reports on the analysis of the location accuracy of a precision image generation system manufactured for CAS 500. The planned launch date of the CAS 500 is 2021, and since it has not yet been launched, the analysis was performed using KOMPSAT-3A satellite images having similar specifications to the CAS 500. In this paper, we have checked the geolocation accuracy of initial sensor model, the model point geolocation accuracy of the precise sensor model, the geolocation accuracy of the precise sensor model using the check point, and the geolocation accuracy of the precise orthoimage using 30 images of the Korean Peninsula. In this study, the target geolocation accuracy is to have an RMSE within 2 pixels when an accurate ground control point is secured. As a result, it was confirmed that the geolocation accuracy of the precision sensor model using the checkpoint was about 1.85 pixels in South Korea and about 2.04 pixels in North Korea, and the geolocation accuracy of the precise orthoimage was about 1.15 m in South Korea and about 3.23 m in North Korea. Overall, it was confirmed that the accuracy of North Korea was low compared to that of South Korea, and this was confirmed to have affected the measured accuracy because the GCP (Ground Control Point) quality of the North Korea images was poor compared to that of South Korea. In addition, it was confirmed that the accuracy of the precision orthoimage was slightly lower than that of precision sensor medel, especially in North Korea. It was judged that this occurred from the error of the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) used for orthogonal correction. In addition to the causes suggested by this paper, additional studies should be conducted on factors that may affect the position accuracy.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.126-137
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• 2022

Objective: Efficient gene editing technology is critical for successful knock-in in domestic animals. RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) gene plays an important role in strand invasion during homologous recombination (HR) in mammals, and is regulated by checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and CHK2 genes, which are upstream elements of RAD51 recombinase (RAD51). In addition, mismatch repair (MMR) system is inextricably linked to HR-related pathways and regulates HR via heteroduplex rejection. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated knock-in efficiency of human lactoferrin (hLF) knock-in vector in the bovine β-casein gene locus can be increased by suppressing DNA MMR-related genes (MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) and overexpressing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-related genes (RAD51, CHK1, CHK2). Methods: Bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells were transfected with a knock-in vector, RAD51, CHK1, or CHK2 overexpression vector and CRISPR/sgRNA expression vector to target the bovine β-casein gene locus, followed by treatment of the cells with CdCl₂ for 24 hours. After 3 days of CdCl₂ treatment, the knock-in efficiency was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA expression levels of DNA MMR-related and DNA DSB repair-related genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: Treatment with CdCl₂ decreased the mRNA expression of RAD51 and MMRrelated genes but did not increase the knock-in efficiency in MAC-T cells. Also, the overexpression of DNA DSB repair-related genes in MAC-T cells did not significantly affect the mRNA expression of MMR-related genes and failed to increase the knock-in efficiency. Conclusion: Treatment with CdCl₂ inhibited the mRNA levels of RAD51 and DNA MMR-related genes in MAC-T cells. However, the function of MMR pathway in relation to HR may differ in various cell types or species.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_2
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• pp.867-879
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• 2020

As the era of space technology utilization is approaching, the launch of CAS (Compact Advanced Satellite) 500-1/2 satellites is scheduled during 2021 for acquisition of high-resolution images. Accordingly, the increase of image usability and processing efficiency has been emphasized as key design concepts of the CAS 500-1/2 ground station. In this regard, "CAS 500-1/2 Image Acquisition and Utilization Technology Development" project has been carried out to develop core technologies and processing systems for CAS 500-1/2 data collecting, processing, managing and distributing. In this paper, we introduce the results of the above project. We developed an operation system to generate precision images automatically with GCP (Ground Control Point) chip DB (Database) and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) DB over the entire Korean peninsula. We also developed the system to produce ortho-rectified images indexed to 1:5,000 map grids, and hence set a foundation for ARD (Analysis Ready Data)system. In addition, we linked various application software to the operation system and systematically produce mosaic images, DSM (Digital Surface Model)/DTM (Digital Terrain Model), spatial feature thematic map, and change detection thematic map. The major contribution of the developed system and technologies includes that precision images are to be automatically generated using GCP chip DB for the first time in Korea and the various utilization product technologies incorporated into the operation system of a satellite ground station. The developed operation system has been installed on Korea Land Observation Satellite Information Center of the NGII (National Geographic Information Institute). We expect the system to contribute greatly to the center's work and provide a standard for future ground station systems of earth observation satellites.