• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2017

Bone marrow aspirates concentrate (BMAC) transplantation is a well-known technique for cartilage regeneration with good clinical outcomes for symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role in evaluating the degree of cartilage repair in cartilage regeneration therapy instead of a second assessment via an arthroscopy. We experienced a case of hypertrophic regeneration of the cartilage and a presumed simultaneous regeneration of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus after BMAC transplantation for a cartilage defect at the lateral tibial and femoral condyle. This report provides the details of a case of an unusual treatment response after a BMAC transplant. This report is the first of its kind to demonstrate a MR image that displays the simultaneous regeneration of the cartilage and meniscus with a differentiation ability of the mesenchymal stem cell to the desired cell lineage.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.478-489
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• 2019

골관절염은 관절연골 침식의 진행을 특징적으로 보이는 질환으로 관절운동 중에 통증을 증가시키고 기계적 스트레스를 견디는 능력을 감소시켜 결과적으로 관절의 가동성과 기능을 저하시킨다. 외상 또는 퇴행성으로 인한 관절연골의 손상이 일반적 관절염의 주요 원인으로 생각되며 이러한 관절연골 손상의 재생에 관한 수많은 연구와 시도들이 현재까지 진행되어 오고 있다. 현재까지 연골 손상의 경우 미세골절술과 자가연골세포 이식술이 일반적인 수술적 치료방법으로 제시되어 왔으나 비교적 양호한 임상 결과에도 불구하고 정상 유리연골의 생성이 미흡하여 시간이 경과하면서 결과가 악화되는 등 단점이 있다. 이를 보완하기 위하여 줄기세포 기반 치료법이 개발되었다. 이 종설에서는 현재 사용되는 다양한 연골 재생 방법들의 장단점 및 결과에 대해 요약하고 특히 중간엽 줄기세포(mesenchymal stem cells) 기반 연골 재생 치료법을 논하고 나아가 이상적인 미래 연골 재생 치료법에 대해서도 고민해보고자 한다.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2014

Genetically-modified mesenchymal stem cells (GM-MSCs) have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for orthopedic degenerative diseases. GM-MSCs have been widely reported that they are able to increase bone and cartilage tissue regeneration not only by secreting transgene products such as growth factors in a long-term manner, also by inducing MSCs into tissue-specific cells. For example, MSCs modified with BMP-2 gene increased secretion of BMP-2 protein resulting in enhancement of bone regeneration, while MSCs with TGF-b gene did cartilage regeneration. In this review, we introduce several growth factors for gene delivery to MSCs and strategies for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration using GM-MSCs. Furthermore, we describe strategies for strengthening GM-MSCs to more intensively induce tissue regeneration by co-delivery system of multiple genes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2014

Cartilage has a limited regenerative capacity. Faced with the clinical challenge of reconstruction of cartilage defects, the field of cartilage engineering has evolved. This article reviews current concepts and strategies in cartilage engineering with an emphasis on the application of nanotechnology in the production of biomimetic cartilage regenerative scaffolds. The structural architecture and composition of the cartilage extracellular matrix and the evolution of tissue engineering concepts and scaffold technology over the last two decades are outlined. Current advances in biomimetic techniques to produce nanoscaled fibrous scaffolds, together with innovative methods to improve scaffold biofunctionality with bioactive cues are highlighted. To date, the majority of research into cartilage regeneration has been focused on articular cartilage due to the high prevalence of large joint osteoarthritis in an increasingly aging population. Nevertheless, the principles and advances are applicable to cartilage engineering for plastic and reconstructive surgery.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.404-412
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• 2021

목적: 슬관절 내측 구획 골관절염으로 근위 경골 절골술 및 미세 골절술을 함께 시행한 환자 군에서 이차적 관절경 검사를 시행하여 연골 재생 정도를 평가하고 연골 재생에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 한다. 또한 연골 재생의 정도와 기능적 결과가 연관성이 있는지 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년부터 2015년까지 근위 경골 절골술 및 미세 골절술을 함께 시행하였고, 최소 2년이 지나 금속판 제거술 및 이차 관절경 검사까지 시행 받은 81예를 대상으로 하였다. 술 전 대퇴부 연골 손상의 정도는 ICRS (International Cartilage Research Society) 분류를 이용하였고, 모두 grade III, IV 였다. 이차적 관절경 검사 이후에는 연골 재생이 양호한 그룹(grade I, II)과 불량한 그룹(grade III, IV)으로 분류하였다. 다변량 로지스틱 회기 분석을 통하여 연골 재생에 영향을 미치는 독립적인 요인을 파악하였다. 또한 두 그룹간의 수술 전후에 Knee Society score (KSS)와 Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score (WOMAC)를 이용하여 기능적 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 연령, 성별, 체질량 지수, 술 전후 방사선학적 요인, 술 전 관절의 상태는 연골 재생의 정도에 유의한 영향을 끼치지 않았으며, 큰 연골 병변 범위(≥2.0 cm²) (p=0.011)와 키스 병변(kissing lesion)의 존재(p=0.027)는 불량한 연골 재생과 연관성이 있었다. KSS와 WOMAC 점수상에서는 연골의 재생이 양호한 그룹과 불량한 그룹 간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 큰 연골 병변과 키스 병변의 존재는 근위 경골 절골술 및 미세 골절술 후 불량한 연골 재생과 관계가 있었다. 하지만 재생된 연골의 상태는 기능적 결과와 연관성을 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability and efficacy of biologic membrane made of freeze-dried cartilage as a barrier to facilitate guided bone regeneration in experimental non-healing bone defects in the rat mandible. Nine adult Sprague-Dawley rats (400-500g) were used in experiment. 5.0mm in diameter were created on the mandibular angle area by means of slow-speed trephine drill. In microscopic examination, dynamic immature bone forming at 2 weeks and its calcification at 4 weeks were observed. The membrane made of lyophilized cartilage taken from human costal cartilage seems to be very effective for guided bone regeneration as a biologic membrane and the scaffold for attachment of cells or local drug delivery system of growth factor, which may meet the ideal requirement of a barrier membrane and graft materials.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.761-762
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 기존의 세포 치료제와 조직공학적 연골재생에 많이 사용되었던 연골세포의 문제점을 극복하고 보다 효율적인 연골 재생을 위한 생분해성 고분자(PGA)와 연골 전구세포를 이용해 동물모델에 적용하였다. 본 실험에서는 효과적으로 자연 연골조직과 유사한 연골 조직이 형성되었다. 장기간 추가보완 연구를 거친다면 연골 전구 세포를 이용한 연골조직 재생은 연골 손상 질환과 퇴행성 질환치료에 관련된 새로운 치료법으로 사용되어질 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.235.1-235.1
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• 2003

With an aim of obtaining high efficacy in cartilage regeneration, implantable polymeric rods were fabricated. These rod-type matrices were anticipated to perform structural tissue supporting activity and enhance extracellular matrix (ECM) formation by releasing specific agent, DHEA-S, in controlled manner. It is expected that application for the drilling operation on the articular cartilage of OA patients as the implants may promote regeneration of their cartilage. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, spur formation, and synovial inflammation. (omitted)

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to find out the degree of cartilage regeneration by inserting the atelo-collagen scaffold obtained from dermis of a calf on cartilage defect site. Dissection underneath the perichondrium by the periosteal elevator on both side of ears of six New Zealand white rabbits were made to expose the cartilage, leaving pairs of circular holes 3, 6, 9 mm width with punches. One hole was left for a control, and on the other hole atelo-collagen scaffold of the same size was transplanted. In postoperative 1, 2, 4 weeks, the tissues were dyed. The length of long axis of neocartilage was measured through an optical microscope with a 0.1 mm graduation at original magnification, ${\times}40$. In the first and second week, both group showed no sign of cartilage regeneration. In the fourth week, regeneration on marginal portions was observed on all groups and the average values of length of long axis of neocartilage according to defect size were as follows: In the cases with 3mm defect, it was $0.85{\pm}0.30mm$ in the control group, and $1.85{\pm}0.38mm$ in the graft group; in the cases with 6 mm defect, $1.33{\pm}0.58mm$ in the control group, and $2.25{\pm}0.46mm$ in the graft group; and in the cases with 9 mm defect, $2.33{\pm}0.77mm$ in the control group, and $4.47{\pm}1.39mm$ in the graft group. This means that the collagen scaffold has an influence on the regeneration of neocartilage. But the relative ratio of the length of neocartilage to cartilage defect size was not significant in the statistics.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2021

Background: Elastic ear cartilage is a good source of tissue for support or augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, the amount of ear cartilage is limited and excessive use of cartilage can cause deformation of the auricular framework. This animal study investigated the potential of periosteal chondrogenesis in an ear cartilage defect model. Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used in the present study. Four ear cartilage defects were created in both ears of each rabbit, between the central artery and marginal veins. The defects were covered with perichondrium (group 1), periosteum taken from the calvarium (group 2), or periosteum taken from the tibia (group 3). No coverage was performed in a control group (group 4). All animals were sacrificed 6 weeks later, and the ratio of neo-cartilage to defect size was measured. Results: Significant chondrogenesis occurred only in group 1 (cartilage regeneration ratio: mean±standard deviation, 0.97±0.60), whereas the cartilage regeneration ratio was substantially lower in group 2 (0.10±0.11), group 3 (0.08±0.09), and group 4 (0.08±0.14) (p= 0.004). Instead of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis was observed in the periosteal graft groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the amount of osteogenesis or chondrogenesis between groups 2 and 3. Group 4 showed fibrous tissue accumulation in the defect area. Conclusion: Periosteal grafts showed weak chondrogenic potential in an ear cartilage defect model of rabbits; instead, they exhibited osteogenesis, irrespective of their embryological origin.