• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.706-713
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• 2010

Objectives : The source is from the flower of Carthamus tinctorius L., family Compositae. It is used in clinical medicine to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, promote menstruation and alleviate pain. In the present study, we investigated the genome wide analysis of Carthami Flos on the intra-cranial hemorrhage(ICH) model. Methods : ICH in rat was induced by injection of collagenase type IV and Carthami Flos extract(CFe) was administered orally. The molecular profile of cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using microarray technique to identify up- or down- regulated genes in brain tissue. Results : Expression profile showed that diverse genes were up- or down-regulated by ICH induction. Administration of CFe restored the expression level of some of altered genes by ICH to normal expressional level. Interestingly, these recovered genes by CFe were involved in the same biological pathways which were significantly activated or suppressed by ICH. Conclusion : The above results might explain the therapeutic mechanism of CFe on ICH. Further, by analyzing interaction network, core genes was identified which could be key molecular targets of CFe against ICH.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

Compared with synthetic dyes, natural dyes have inferior colorfastness as a result of the exposure of the material to any environment that may be encountered during the processing, testing, storage, display or use of the dyed materials. Especially, colors on fabrics fade excessively after washing. Therefore, it is problem to infer the historic textiles with natural-dyed fabrics. The object of this study is to analyse the factors affected to colorfastness and color change during washing. In experimental, fifteen natural dyes were dyed by the Korean traditional dyeing methods onto natural fiber fabrics: cotton, silk, ramie, and flex. Total 49 dyed fabrics in combination with dyes and fibers were used for the specimen. The Launder-Ometer was used for evaluating the effects of exposure to repetitive washing from 1 to 20 washing cycles (KS K 0430). Color difference(ΔE) in the CIEL＊A＊B＊ color-order system were determined by spectrophotometer at 100 bserver. Washing caused significant changes in the color of natural-dyed fabrics. The degree and nature of color changes on the fabrics were dependent on the combination of fiber and the dye type used. The groups of violet(Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb.et Zucc) and black color(Ailanthus altissima Swingle, Phus trichocarpa Miq) yielded excellent colorfastness to repetitive washing. The group of indigo blue color(Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) was also very resistant to color change in washing except silk. Whereas the dye groups of Red, Yellow, Orange, Brown colors indicated greatest changes in color, particularly Carthamus tinctorius L.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.745-751
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• 2013

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds have been used in Korea and China for promoting bone formation and protection. This study was designed to examine the Nrf-2 mediated anti-oxidative effects of Korean and Chinese safflower seeds. Water and ethanol extracts of safflower seeds were treated to RAW 264.7 cells. Nrf-2 transcriptional activity was measured by reporter gene assay and western blot analysis. Semi-quantitive RT-PCR analysis was adopted to measure Nrf-2 dependent gene expressions. Water extracts of safflower seeds have strongly induced the activation of Nrf-2 transcription than ethanol extracts. Especially, water extracts of Korean safflower seeds has more strongly increased the expression of nuclear Nrf-2. Water extracts of Korea and China safflower seeds have also increased the expression of Nrf-2-dependent genes such as GCLC, NQO-1 and HO-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. However, all kinds of safflower seeds extracts did not increase intracellular ROS production. These results demonstrate that the antioxidant effects of safflower seeds are not related with ROS production, rather it is mediated by the direct activation of Nrf-2.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2001

Much attention has been given to the role of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed in preventing and treating osteroporosis recently. Although numerous studies were done on effects of safflower oil, no attention was given to the role of dietary fiber of safflower seeds. This study was aimed at investigating physiological significance of defatted safflower seed as a source of dietary fiber. Sprague Dawley female rats were assigned one of 5 groups: ovariectomized control (Ovx-control) group and ovariectomized rats 15% (Ovx-ss15) and 30% defatted safflower seed (Ovx-SS30), sham-operated (Sham) group and a normal group. Cholesterol was supplemented to all diets at 0.5% except the normal diet. Ovariectomized rats were pair-fed isocalorically to the Sham group. Ovariectomy caused heavier body weight, but feeding 30% safflower seed brought back to the level of Sham group. Activities of disaccharidases of jejunal mucosa were significantly lowered in Ovx-control group compared to those of Sham, and supplementation of safflower seed tended to increase the activities. Fecal weight of Ovx-SS15 and Ovx-SS30 were almost twice as those of Ovx-control Sham. Propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations per g of feces of Ovx-SS15 and daily excretion of these fatty acids were significantly increased as compared to those of Sham and Ovx-control. In concentration defatted safflower seed supplementation significantly increased fecal bulk and short chain fatty acid production in large intestine of rats.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2004

Natural dyes have poor colorfastness as a result of the exposure of the dyed fabric to sunlight encountered during the display or wearing. As colors on fabrics fade excessively under sunlight, it is a problem to infer and restore the historic textiles with natural-dyed fabrics to original colors. The object of this study is to analyse the factors affected to color change under light. In experimental, fifteen natural dyes were dyed by the Korean traditional dyeing methods onto natural fiber fabrics: cotton, silk, ramie, and flex. Total 49 dyed fabrics in combination with dyes and fibers were used for the specimen. The Weather-O-meter was used for evaluating the effects of exposure to light for 2.5 to 450 hours. The process of color changes in the CIEL *A*B* color-order system to the exposure time were determined by spectrophotometer at 10$^{\circ}$ observer. Sunlight exposure caused significant changes in the color of natural-dyed fabrics. The degree and nature of color changes on the fabrics were dependent on the combination of fiber and the type of dye used. The groups of violet(Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb.et Zucc.) and black color(Ailanthus altissima Swingle, Phus trichocarpa Miq) yielded excellent colorfastness to light. The group of indigo blue color(Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) was also very resistant to fading in both exposure except silk. Whereas the dye groups of Red, Yellow, Orange, Brown colors indicated greatest changes in fading, particularly Carthamus tinctorius L.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.187-190
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• 2005

홍화의 노지및 하우스재배의 생육과 수량 및 수확시기별 종실의 품질에 대한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 하우스비가림재배가 노지재배에 비해 출현기는 3일, 개화기는 8일이 빨랐으며, 생육도 양호하여 10g당 종실수량도 노지재배 보다 $25\%$ 증수되어 노지재배 보다 비가림재배가 유리하였다. 조지방함량은 비가림하우스재배가 노지재배보다 높았고 종자의 색택도 비가림하우스재배에서 변색없이 흰색이었으나 노지재배에서는 변색되어 품질이 나빴다. 노지재배의 조지방 함량은 수확기까지 높아졌으며 개화성기 20일 이후 수확에서는 차이가 없었으나, 종실의 색깔은 개화성기 30일 이후 점차 변하여 개화성기 후 40일 수확은 흑갈색으로 종실품질이 크게 떨어져 종실의 수확시기는 개화성기 후 20일에서 30일 사이가 가장 좋았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.704-709
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• 2015

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds have long been clinically used in Korea to promote bone formation and prevent osteoporosis. In addition, the safflower buds (SB) were found to have more useful functional ingredients than safflower seed. Thus, we investigated the preventive effects of SB diet in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The rats were divided into five groups; sham operated group, OVX alone group, OVX plus 17β-estradiol (E₂ 10 μg/kg, i.p.) and OVX plus SB diet feeding group (0.3% or 1%). Feeding of SB diet (0.3% or 3%) to OVX rats markedly increased trabecular formation in femur compared to OVX rats. Feeding of SB diet (0.3% or 3%) to OVX rats also decreased TRAP activity compared to OVX rats. These results suggest that SB diets have bone sparing effects by the decrease of osteoclast activity. We also observed that OVX rats fed with SB diet (0.3% or 3%) exhibited the decrease of calcium and phosphorus in serum compared to OVX-induced rats. Therefore, SB may be beneficial for the patients of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 1981

홍화증수를 위한 알맞는 재식밀도를 구명하고 그에 따를 수량 및 농업 형질의 변이를 조사하기 위하여 1980년 3월부터 10월30일까지 강원도 원주상지대학 실습포장에서 실험을 실시하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초장은 휴폭과 주간이 좁을수록 커지는 것으로 나타났으며 이들 양자에 의해 영향을 받았다. 2. 주당 분지수는 휴폭과 주간이 좁아짐에 따라 감소하였으며 이를 양요인에 의해 영향을 받았다. 3. 지표면에서 제1분지까지의 높이는 주간에 의해 영향을 받으며, 좁을수록 그 위치가 높아졌다. 4. 초장은 휴폭과 부의 상관을 가지며, 초장과 제1분지까지의 높이는 휴폭x주간과 부상관을 갖는다. 또한 주당 분지수는 휴폭, 휴폭x주간과는 정상관, 초장과는 부상관을 보였다. 5. 수량은 주간, 휴폭x주간에 관하여 부상관을 가지며 제 1분지의 높이와는 정상관을 가졌다. 6. 수량은 주간에 의해 크게 영향을 받으며 다음은 주간xs휴폭이 영향하는 것으로 나타났다. 휴폭은 수량에 크게 영향하지 않으나 30cm 또는 40cm구가 가장 증수되었으며 주간은 5cm구가 가장 증수되어 30cm x 5cm구, 또는 40cm x 5cm구가 홍화의 증수를 위한 적철한 재식밀도인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.122-134
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• 2021

Recently, yogurt has been extensively studied to further enhance its functions using edible plant extracts. This study was conducted to investigate whether safflower petal (SP) as a natural food additive can be used to develop functional yogurt with improved health benefits. SPs were extracted with ethanol (SPE) and hot water (SPW), and then safflower yogurt was prepared by adding 0%-1.0% of those extracts to plain yogurt. With an increase in the fermentation duration, the pH of SPE and SPW yogurt samples was decreased, whereas titratable acidity and microbial counts were increased. The concentration of total polyphenols and total flavonoids, the activity of antioxidants, and the inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher in SPW yogurt than SPE yogurt. Furthermore, α-glucosidase and lipase activity inhibitory effects of SPW yogurt were higher than those of SPE yogurt. In particular, free radical-scavenging activities, ROS inhibitory effect, and α-glucosidase activity inhibitory effects were significantly increased in SPW yogurt in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these results suggest that SP extract possesses antioxidant activities and that it can downregulate α-glucosidase and lipase activities. The SP extract may have potential benefits as a natural food additive for the development of functional yogurt.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.433-452
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• 2018

본 연구는 천연식물자원을 대상으로 치매의 일종인 알츠하이머병을 개선 및 치료할 수 있는 소재를 발굴하기 위해 식물추출물에 대해 콜린성 에스테라제(AChE) 저해활성을 탐색하였다. 184개의 식물추출물을 $100{\mu}g/ml$의 단일농도에서 아세틸콜린에스테라제(AChE)을 실험한 결과, 10% 이상의 AChE 저해활성을 보였던 추출물은 황벽나무(Phellaodendron amurense Rupr., 수피, 메탄올 추출물), 황벽나무(Phellaodendron amurense Rupr., 수피, 물 추출물), 연꽃(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., 수술/자방, 메탄올 추출물), 쪽(Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS, 꽃, 메탄올 추출물), 중국황련(Coptis chinensis, 뿌리줄기, 메탄올 추출물), 육계(Cinnamomum cassia Blume, 수피, 에탄올 추출물) 및 잇꽃(Carthamus tinctorius L., 열매, 에탄올 추출물) 등 7개가 확인되었다. 선발된 7개의 추출물에 대해서는 25, 20, 100 및 $200{\mu}g/ml$의 최종농도에서 AChE 및 BuChE에 대한 저해활성을 검정하였다. 그 결과, AChE 저해활성에서는 연꽃(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) 수술/자방의 메탄올 추출물이 $15.0{\pm}3.4%{\sim}73.5{\pm}3.6%$, 쪽(Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS) 꽃의 메탄올 추출물이 $19.5{\pm}9.1%{\sim}63.5{\pm}5.4%$, 중국황련(Coptis chinensis) 뿌리줄기의 메탄올 추출물이 $81.6{\pm}0.4%{\sim}58.5{\pm}2.4%$, 황벽나무(Phellaodendron amurense Rupr.) 수피의 메탄올 추출물이 $69.9{\pm}1.8%{\sim}80.5{\pm}0.9%$, 그리고 황벽나무 (Phellaodendron amurense Rupr.) 수피의 물 추출물이 $54.8{\pm}0.6%{\sim}78.3{\pm}2.6%$의 값을 보였다. BuChE 저해활성에서는 연꽃(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) 수술/자방의 메탄올추출물, 쪽(Persicaria tinctoria H.GROSS) 꽃의 메탄올추출물 및 중국황련(Coptis chinensis) 뿌리줄기의 메탄올추출물이 각각 $58.9{\pm}7.8{\sim}81.6{\pm}1.9%$ 및 $45.8{\pm}9.8%{\sim}72.4{\pm}2.5%$ 및 $33.1{\pm}9.9%{\sim}55.4{\pm}5.4%$의 순으로 높은 BuChE 저해활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 실험결과를 종합하여 볼때, 연꽃(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)의 수술/자방, 쪽(Persicaria tinctoria H. GROSS)의 꽃, 중국황련(Coptis chinensis)의 뿌리줄기, 황벽나무(Phellaodendron amurense Rupr.)의 수피는 알츠하이머병(AD)의 개선 효과를 나타낼 수 있는 후보 소재로 사료되었다.