• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2010

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a herb primarily distributed throughout in the world. We have used the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technique to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of C. tinctorius. Of all germplasms, 88.7% were polymorphic among all germplasms. Mean genetic diversity within germplasms was very low (0.048). The Turkey germplasm had the highest expected diversity (0.082) and Australia germplasm was the lowest (0.020). These values indicate that most of the genetic diversity of safflower is found among germplasms and there is a high among-germplasm differentiation. We found eight phenetic bands for determining the specific marker of germplasm with SCAR markers. The regions of the Mediterranean Sea and India may be the most probable candidates for the origin of safflower. The tree showed four major clades: (1) European germplasms, (2) Azerbaijan, Egypt, and Ethiopia, (3) Australia, and (4) America.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.197-200
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• 1998

홍화 MeOH 추출물의 n-BuOH 분획으로부터 silica gel column chromatography를 반복하여 2종의 flavonoid 배당체를 분리, 정제하였다. 화합문의 화학구조를 HMBC를 포함한 NMR, MS, IR과 같은 기기분석 결과와 산가수분해반응을 이용하여 결정, 각각 $3-O-[{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)\;{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]\;kaempferol$ 및 $3-O-[{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)\;{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]\;kaempferol$로 동정하였다. 각 화합물은 Grb2-Shc 결합저해활성$(IC_{50}:43,\;47\;{\mu}g/ml)$을 나타내었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the effect of seed weight on different aspect of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed germination and growth characteristics. Quantity of sinapine leaked from seed was greater as the viability of seeds was dropped by the time elapsed of seed aging model and long storage condition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The cultivar of safflower was Jin-Sun and the seeds that are separated to three different weights of small, middle, and large were used in this experiment. Large seeds revealed the highest germination percent, coleoptiles fresh weight, coleoptiles dry weight, radicle fresh weight and 1000 seed weights than other seed weight. Seed weight had little effect on yield while seed number exerted a positive influence. Interestingly, yield per plant and its major components, number of capsules and capsule weights, revealed a negligible relationship with oil content.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1999

In this study, 75% ethanol extract from the flowers of Carthamus tinctorius was prepared and biological activities were examined. The extract showed the inhibitory activity of vascular smooth muscle contraction and antithrombotic activity judged by bleeding time measurement. It also showed anti-inflammatory and potent analgesic activities in vivo. By oral administration of the extract, no acute toxicity was observed up to 5 g/kg in mice and rats. All these results strongly suggest that this extract may be beneficial for postmenopausal disorder by enhancing blood circulation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2000

홍화(Carthamus tinctorius L.)의 씨. 순 및 꽃잎의 수용성 및 메탄올 추출물에 대하여 in vitro 실험계에서 항산화 활성을 비교 검토하였다. 성장기 흰쥐의 뇌 micro-some을 이용한 생테막 지질 과산화 억제정도는 꽃잎 수용성 추출물(97.19%)>순 메탄올 추출물(81.38%)>꽃잎 메탄올 추출물(64.99%)>씨 메탄올 추출물(64.95%) 순으로 나타났다. Limoleic acid 산화 실험계에서는 홍화씨 메탄올 추출물과 홍화씨 수용성 추출물에서 비교적 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. DPPH 에 의한 수소공여능은 특히 순의 0.1% 메탄올 추출물에서 매우 높은 수소공여작용이 나타나 대조구인 BHT와 거의 비슷한 수준의 항산화 활성을 보였다. 이들 추출물의 폴리페놀 화합물 함량은 홍화 꽃잎 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물은 12.70% 및 8.05% 홍화씨 수용성 및 메탄올 추출물은 6.96% 및 12.34%, 홍화순 수용성 메탄올 추출물 및 메탄올 추출물이 8.75% 및 5.10%로 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2005

In the present study, in vitro multiple shoot induction was achieved from cotyledonary node and stem nodal explants of cv. NARI-6 of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Among various growth regulators tested, MS salts and B5 vitamins supplemented with BA (6-Benzy-laminopurine) $17.76\;{\mu}M$ and KN (Kinetin) $6.96\;{\mu}M$ phytohormonal combination was found to be the most effective in initiating numerous shoot buds after 30 days of culture than BA ($4.44-44.39\;{\mu}M$) or KN ($2.32-46.40\;{\mu}M$) alone in the medium. In addition, 0.8% (w/v) agar (Hi-media) and 3.0% sucrose (w/v) was the optimum level for the formation of adventitious shoots. Further results showed the maximum shoot elongation occurred on MS medium with BA ($8.88\;{\mu}M$) and $GA_3$($11.56\;{\mu}M$) combinations. Efficient rooting occurred on quarter strength MS medium with NAA $10.74\;{\mu}M$. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the field.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

Previous studies have shown that methanol extract and its butanol fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen have the hepatoprotective effect on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of the subfractions of butanol fraction has been evaluated by analyzing oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme activities and histopathological examinations. In BS-5 subfraction treated group, the activity of superoxide dismutase has been significantly increased as compared with that of CCl4, treated rats. Antioxidant activity has been evaluated by the examination of the scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. BS-5 subfraction has shown strong antioxidant activities. The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of BS-5 subfraction has relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by CCl4. It appears that the protective effect of BS-5 subfraction would be mediated of the attenuation of lipid peroxidation by acting as a free radical scavenger, which were based on the increase of superoxide dismutase activity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) ethanolic extract fractions (CFEFs). Butanol fraction had the strongest antioxidant activity, and all CFEFs, except for chloroform fraction, partly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in RAW 264.7 cells. In the cell-free system, hexane and butanol fractions chemically quenched nitric oxide (NO). In addition, the iNOS mRNA transcription was suppressed by ethanol extract and hexane fraction in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, the inhibitory effect of CFEFs on NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, might be due to both the chemical NO quenching activity and the suppression of iNOS mRNA transcription partially. The synthesis of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was potently inhibited by ethanol extract to below basal label, and the transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme involving in $PGE_2$ synthesis, was partially suppressed by ethanol extract and hexane fraction. Based on these results, CFEFs may be useful as an alternative medicine for the relief and retardation of immunological inflammatory responses through the reduction of inflammatory mediators, including NO and $PGE_2$ production.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.363-366
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• 1998

홍화로부터 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 황색소(safflower yellow)를 추출할 때의 최적 조건을 조사하였다. 여러 온도$(40,\;50,\;60,\;70,\;80^{\circ}C)$와 압력(2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 psig) 조건에서 추출을 하였으며 수율을 증가시키기 위해 물을 보조용매(0, 3, 6, 10, 14 wt%)로 하여 실험을 수행하였으며 색소분석은 spectrophotometer를 이용하였다. 황색소의 추출 수율은 $60^{\circ}C$, 4000 psig에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 보조용매로 물을 사용하였을 때는 10 wt%일 때 황색소의 추출이 가장 잘 되었고 그 이상에서는 오히려 추출량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 시료의 수분함량은 초임계 유체 추출 시 수율과 밀접한 관련이 있는데 홍화의 황색소 추출 시에도 시료의 수분함량이 낮을수록 수율이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 초임계 유체를 이용하여 최적 조건에서 추출한 경우 황색소의 수율은 용매로 추출한 경우에 비해 6% 정도 증가하였다. 상기의 결과로 초임계 이산화탄소 추출법은 홍화로부터 황색소의 추출에 적합하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted for the development of oriental feed additives in broiler chicks. It conducted experiment to investigate the effect of $1\%$ dietary supplementation of oriental feed additives containing oriental herbal medicines such as Saururus Chnensis B.(S. chnensis) and Carthamus Tinctorius L.(C. tinctorius) on growth performance, and physicochemical properties in broiler chicks. The results of this study demonstrated that chicks feed $1\%$ oriental feed additives decreased feed gain, and death rates compared with control treatment. Weight gain and meat color were higher in the $1\%$ supplement group than control. The supplementation of $1\%$ oriental feed additives increased unsaturated fatty acid, and reduced crude fat in the broiler chicks compared with those of control. In conclusion, this study implied that oriental feed additives containing oriental herbal medicines such as S. Chnensis and C. Tinctorius were effective in improving broiler chicks on growth performance, physical-chemical properties and is highly recommended for increasing economic returns.