• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2009

The cargo containment system (CCS) for ships carrying cryogenic fluid consists of at least two levels of barriers and insulation layers. It is because, even though there is a small amount of leak through the primary barrier, the liquid tight secondary barrier blocks further leakage of the cryogenic fluid. However, once the secondary barrier is damaged, it is highly possible that the leaked cryogenic fluid flows through the flat joint made of glass wool and reaches the inner hull of the ship. The primary objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of the damage extent in the secondary barrier on the amount of leaked cryogenic fluid reaching the inner hull and the temperature distribution there. Simulation results using a computational fluid dynamics tool were compared with the experimental data for the leaked cryogenic fluid flow and evaporation in the secondary insulation layer. The experimental and computational results suggest that, unless there is a massive leak, the cryogenic fluid mostly evaporates in the insulation layer and does not reach the inner hull in the state of liquid.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.367-371
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• 2018

Plywood is one of the important materials in LNG cargo containment systems, and, due to the characteristics of the wood, its properties vary greatly depending on the humidity conditions in the storage facility. Due to the distribution environment of plywood, there is a high probability of long-term exposure to the domestic seasonal environment. Considering an environment in which the humidity changes greatly according to the seasons in Korea and the characteristics of the wood, it is necessary to acquire data on changes in the characteristics of the plywood for accurate quality control. In this study, the moisture content of plywood was determined experimentally to reflect the seasonal environmental conditions of shipyards in Korea. A noticeable change in the thermal conductivity was confirmed experimentally.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2016

액화 천연가스(LNG)를 운반, 저장하는 화물창은 LNG의 기화를 막기 위해 항상 저온의 상태로 유지되어야 한다. 이러한 극한 환경으로 인해 LNG 화물창에 적용되는 단열시스템의 기술은 상당히 중요하다. 이러한 이유로 LNG 화물창 단열시스템 내에는 구조 및 단열성능을 가지는 적층형 목재인 플라이우드(plywood)가 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 최근 슬로싱(sloshing)으로 인한 플라이우드의 파손현상이 보고되면서 이를 해결하기 위한 강도적인 보강이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 B타입 LNG 탱크의 지지대로 사용되는 적층형 목재인 압축목재(compressed wood)를 플라이우드를 대체하기 위한 대체 재료로 고려하게 되었다. 이를 위해 압축목재에 대해 압축 및 굽힘시험을 수행하였고 기계적 물성과 파손특성을 확인하였다. 또한 온도와 적층방향을 실험변수로 설정하여 이에 따른 압축 목재의 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 마지막으로 참고문헌을 통해 획득한 플라이우드의 물성과 실험결과를 비교하여 압축 목재의 적용가능성을 평가하였다.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2008년도 특별논문집
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• pp.16-28
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• 2008

Recent growth in LNG market has led dramatic increase in new buildings of LNG carriers and several large LNG carriers are now being constructed by shipbuilders in Korea. Large size LNG carriers has brought keen concerns on the issue regarding safety of cargo containment systems and sloshing impact load which is the critical source of loads on the membrane type containment systems. Up to the present, the best way to properly assess sloshing impact pressures on surrounding walls is a model testing for wide-ranged excitation conditions. These impact pressures obtained from model tests sometimes need to be interpreted to full-scale values and in the near future this necessity will be strengthened for more rigorous and direct safety assessment of LNG cargo containment system. In this paper, a basic experimental study is carried out with two different sized, 2D identically shaped model tanks excited in simple translational motions. Relationships between pressures of different sized model tanks are investigated Model tanks are filled with fresh water and equipped with same sized pressure sensors.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2009

The membrane of the LNG carriers consists of thin strips of INVAR(Fe-36%Ni) steel plates, and the junction between INVAR strips is fabricated by welding. Thousands of the raised edge joints, regularly spaced, are located around all the side of the tank corner near the transverse bulkhead, and TIG welding is manually made on the top of the raised edges. Since the thickness of all the laminated edge plies is extremely thin and the weld position is under a bad accessibility, highly skilled workers are required to perform welding relatively for a long welding time. An alternative scheme for the corner membrane fabrication is proposed in the study to improve the installation workability and thus productivity. The scheme replaces the welded edges with the preformed corrugation ones. A panel strip with regularly-spaced corrugations is installed at the corner instead of the individual flat strip of which edge is vertically raised to be welded with the adjacent strip. In the study, a series of the evaluation on the corrugated edge members was performed to assess the applicability to the real LNG carrier fabrication. Opening displacement at the raised edge was experimentally examined. Elastic stiffness regressed from the displacement was nearly same in both edge types. Edge displacement and local stresses were calculated under hydrostatic pressure and temperature change due to liquefied cargo. Fatigue test was performed on both corrugated and welded edge specimens consisting of two or five plies of invar strips. Fatigue strength of the corrugated specimens was not less than that of the welded specimens.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2017

This paper presents a numerical and experimental study of sloshing loads on liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels. Conventional LNG carriers with membrane-type cargo systems have filling restrictions from 10% to 70% of tank height. The main reason for such restrictions is high sloshing loads around these filling depths. However, intermediate filling depths cannot be avoided for most LNG vessels except the LNG carrier. This study attempted to design a membrane-type LNG tank with a modified lower-chamfer shape that allows all filling operations. First, numerical sloshing analysis was carried out to find an efficient height of the lower-chamfer that can reduce sloshing pressure at partially filled conditions. The numerical sloshing analysis program SHI-SLOSH was used for numerical simulation; this program is based on SOLA-VOF. The effectiveness of the newly designed tanks was validated by 1:50-scale three-dimensional tank tests. A total of three different tanks were tested: a conventional tank and two modified tanks. As test conditions, various filling depths and wave periods were considered, and the same test conditions were applied to the three tanks. During the test, slosh-induced dynamic pressures were measured around the corners of the tank wall. The measured pressure data were post-processed and the pressures of the three different tanks were statistically compared in several ways. Experimental results show that the modified tanks were quite effective in reducing sloshing loads at low filling conditions. This study demonstrated the possibility of all filling operations for LNG cargo containment systems.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 Membrane형 LNG선의 구성 요소를 대상으로 단열창의 열적 분포를 알아보기 위해 극저온 상태에서부터 온도 별로 각 소재의 열적 물성치인 열전도도(thermal conductivity)를 실험을 통해서 알아보았다. 극저온 상태인 $-163^{\circ}C$의 온도상태로 유지되어야 하는 LNG선 화물탱크는 단열재료로 하여금 열을 차단하기 위해 많은 연구가 되어야 하는데 특히 여러 재료로 구성되어 있는 단열 화물창(CCS: Cargo containment system)은 열적 물성치가 온도에 따라 각각 어떠한 값을 가지는 것이 주요 관심대상이고, 이를 통해 전체 LNG 단열 화물창이 어떤 열적 분포를 가지는 것에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 실험을 통해 얻은 물성치를 가지고 전체 화물창의 온도분포를 정적 열해석을 통해 알아보았다. 또한 외부의 충격에 의해 LNG가 누수되었을때 2차 방벽 특히 hull 부분에서는 누수량에 대해서 어떠한 온도분포와 열적 안전성에 대해서 알아보았다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2021

멤브레인(membrane) LNG 운반선 화물창(cargo containment) 공사의 생산성 향상을 위해서는 공사 작업대인 비계 시스템(scaffolding system)의 설치 기간 및 공정 단축이 요구된다. 이를 위한 효과적인 방안으로 모듈의 탑재 단위를 기존의 2단에서 8단으로 대형화하자는 의견이 수렴되고 있다. 하지만, 모듈의 대형화로 인해 탑재 하중이 증가하면 메인 수직 파이프를 연결해주는 핀(pin)과 홀(hole) 주위에 국부 응력이 증가하여 재료의 항복응력을 초과하게 되는 문제점이 발생한다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 트리즈(TRIZ)를 도입하여 새로운 대형 모듈의 탑재 방안을 수립하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 트리즈의 여러가지 문제해결 도구 중 하나인 40가지 발명원리를 활용하는 방안을 채택하였다. 먼저 기술적 모순을 도출하고, 공학변수를 선정하였으며, 모순행렬을 활용하여 기술적 모순을 극복하기 위한 효율적인 발명원리를 선정하였다. 선정된 발명원리를 통해 일반해결안 및 특정해결안을 도출하였고, 구조해석을 통해 구조물에 발생하는 응력이 낮은 수준임을 확인하였다. 수립된 탑재 방안을 적용한 대형 모듈의 실제 탑재에 성공함으로써 트리즈의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2023

In the present work, the scale effect on the Boil-Off Rate (BOR) was investigated based on an analytical method to systematically evaluate the thermal performance of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Cargo Containment System (CCS). A two-dimensional thermal resistance network model was developed to accurately estimate the heat ingress into the CCS from the outside. The analysis was performed for the KC-1 LNG membrane tank under the IGC and USCG design conditions. The ballast compartment of both the LNG tank and cofferdam was divided into six sections and a thermal resistance network model was made for each section. To check the validity of the developed model, the analysis results were compared with those from existing literature. It was shown that the BOR values under the IGC and USCG design conditions were agreed well with previous numerical results with a maximum error of 1.03% and 0.60%, respectively. A SDR, the scale factor of the LNG CCS was introduced and the BOR, air temperature of the ballast compartment, and the surface temperature of the inner hull were obtained to examine the influence of the SDR on the thermal performance. Finally, a correlation for the BOR was proposed, which could be expressed as a simple formula inversely proportional to the SDR. The proposed correlation could be utilized for predicting the BOR of a full-scale LNG tank based on the BOR measurement data of lab-scale model tanks.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2017

A membrane type LNG cargo tank is equipped with a pump tower and a liquid dome for loading and unloading of LNG. However, the membrane running continuously on the tank wall to prevent leakage of LNG is interrupted by the liquid dome, hence care should be taken in the design of liquid dome and its substructures. In case of GTT NO96 membrane type cargo containment system, chair structure is arranged along the periphery of the liquid dome targeting to support the membrane which is exposed to the both hull girder and thermal load. This paper proposes a new and simple chair structure, which outperforms traditional design from productivity point of view maintaining same level of structural safety. Strength assessment on the new design was performed to guarantee the structural safety of the new design, which includes strength, fatigue and crack propagation analysis.