• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.31-56
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes that family caregivers have experienced since using the Korean Long-Term Care Insurance(LTCI) system. In-depth interviews were conducted to determine how the services offered within the LTCI program had affected family caregiving and what changes they had incurred. Results from the qualitative content analysis show that the LTCI program significantly reduced the caregiving burden among family caregivers although burdens that family caregiver perceived varied greatly depending on the types of service that the family selected, and assigned family caregivers different identities and diverse roles(i.e., service user, family caregiver, certified care provider) depending on the service they use. The phenomenon of 'certified family care provider', which was not an intention of LTCI, demonstrates the practical need of elderly persons who require both care and the comfort of family and economic status of the family. Despite the positive impact of the LTCI policy on the family caregivers' burden and family relationship, the current LTCI system should be modified in order to better meet the needs of beneficiaries and their family caregivers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is an important etiologic factor in the development of certain types of cancers. The economic cost of the treatment of cancer has been steadily increasing. We therefore estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea. Methods: We reviewed metabolic syndrome-related cancers and relative risk and then calculated population attributable fractions. We analyzed insurance claims data for metabolic syndrome-related cancers in 2012 in order to estimate the direct costs associated with these cancers, including hospitalization, outpatient visits, transportation costs, and caregivers' costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of productivity due to cancer treatment and premature death. Results: In 2012, 18 070 patients in Korea had cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome. The economic burden was USD 199.8 million and the direct and indirect costs were USD 124.5 million and USD 75.3 million, respectively. Conclusions: We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea and the efforts are necessary to reduce this burden.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.123-143
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• 2009

To investigate the reliability, validity of posttraumatic growth among Korean cancer caregiver, 295 participants were asked to complete a Korean posttraumatic growth inventory, translated from the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; J Trauma Stress 1996; 9: 455.471), together with the Caregiver burden scale, life style interruption scale, economic burden scale and positive adaptation scale, social support scale and questions about religious and demographic factors. Cronbach's alpha was 0.95 for the K-PTGI, indicating sufficient internal consistencies. Construct and Criterion validity were also supported. K-PTGI appeared to be a sound measure for the experience of posttraumatic growth in cancer caregivers and this study result will be able to contribute to facilitate future research.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.236-247
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• 2012

Purpose: Purposes of this study were: evaluation of family burden of caring for elders who receive long term care services, and examination of differences in burden before and after the introduction of long term care service in Korea. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 416 caregivers of elders who were registered with the Long Term Care Insurance Corporation in six cities. Data were collected in September, 2010 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and ANOVA with the Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Family burden decreased significantly after longterm care service was initiated. Subjective burden decreased from 2.93 to 2.69 (t=11.78, $p$<.001), and objective burden, from 3.40 to 3.10 (t=12.73, $p$<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that factors affecting subjective burden were family relations (F=13.60, $p$=.003), age (F=5.47, $p$=.019), job (F=6.98, $p$=.008), and education (F=4.59, $p$=.032), and that factors affecting objective burden were living together (F=17.66, $p$<.001), job (F=13.34, $p$=.003), monthly income (F=6.61, $p$=.010), and type of service (F=6.62, $p$=.010). Conclusion: The results of this first study to investigate caregiver burden after the Korean Long-term Care Insurance System was begun provide positive information for the development of strategies to decrease family burden in long term care.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to describe about elders with dementia, their families, and their living environment by visiting the households where demented elders resided. The findings will be used as a basis to develop future individualized adjustment programs for demented elders and their families living in communities. The study participants were 64 demented elders and their families who were registered to a dementia counseling center at Nam-Gu community health center located in Inchon, Korea. Data were collected for two months, from May to June 2001. The length of data collection for each home visit ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 hours. Conclusion are as follows based on these study findings: Those demented elders had more than one chronic health problem in addition to their pre-existing dementia condition. Two thirds of the demented elders were not receiving any specific treatment for dementia. They showed a moderate level of independence in basic ADL, but were mostly residing at home because of lack of ability to perform more delicate and complicate routine daily activities by themselves. In addition, the primary caregivers were not well adjusted to the care-giving activities for their demented family members due to the lack of knowledge and information about dementia. The caregivers were mostly women including daughters-in-law, woman spouses and daughters, over a half of whom perceived their physical and mental health status as poor. Their image toward the demented elders was considerably negative. while their level of knowledge on dementia was moderate. The burden for the care-giving was high, whereas their coping method was passive. As the difference in image toward elderly before and after the onset of dementia in their family member increases, the caregiver burden also increased. The main resource of social support for the caregivers was their children. The caregivers showed high level of needs for knowledge and information on dementia, and day care service was the most preferred type of service by the caregivers. There was lack of safety in the living environments for the demented elders and their families, and in the surrounding environments to prevent dementia-related symptoms. Considering that home-based family care-giving is the most culturally appropriate model of providing care for the demented elders in Korea, we need to develop and apply an individualized adjustment program for the demented elders and their families.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.501-519
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore perception about shared decision making of family caregivers of patients with early dementia (PWED). This study was conducted with a sample of 12 family caregivers (mean age = $71.4{\pm}10.4$) of PWED from three dementia safety centers in Seoul. In-depth interviews were done for each participant about shared decision making and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Six categories and 17 sub-categories identified for participants' perception about shared decision making: means to facilitate communication with patients with dementia, means to secure autonomy of patients, opportunity to facilitate treatment, cause of increasing family caregivers' burden, cause of worsening relationship with patients, and option for choices depending on priority change. The findings of this study can provide a knowledge basis for health care professionals and policy makers to understand how family caregivers of PWED think about shared decision making. It would be of great value to develop educational programs and practical guidelines about shared decision making for PWED and their family, which may contribute to respecting PWED's self-determination right as well as reducing burden of their family.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.202-210
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe depression, caregiving burden and the correlation of the two variables in the families of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to clarify factors predicting caregiving burden. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 family members who provided care to patients with ALS. The characteristics of patients and families, Korean-Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean version of Zarit Burden Interview (K-ZBI) and Korean-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - Revised (K-ALSFRS-R) were used as study measures. Results: The mean score for K-BDI was 19.39 out of 63 suggesting sub-clinical depression and 38.2% of the family members exhibited depression. The mean score for K-ZBI was 66.03 out of 88. The predictors for K-ZBI were K-BDI, age of family member, length of time spent per day in caring, relationship to patient and K-ALSFRS-R. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that levels of depression and caregiving burden are high among family members caring for patients with ALS. As depression is associated with caregiving burden, screening and emotional supports should be provided to reduce the burden of care for these family. Support programs to alleviate the care burden are also needed, considering family demographics, time per day in caring giving and K-ALSFRS-R.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.450-459
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to grasp the welfare service for the demented people staying at home and the service that caregivers want to use. Therefore, we are going to develop a Korean senile dementia-care management model. Method; It analyzed the data of 185 demented people and caregivers, who registered in 16 public dementia care centers in B city since June 2002. Results: 1) The types of services used by the aged people with dementia staying at home were, in the order of frequency of use, the day-care center(26.5%), and home-help service (21.6%). 2). The types of services according to the degree of dementia were as follows; mild cases: home care service (5.4%), moderate cases: day-care service (40.0%) and severe cases: day-care service (26.0%). 3). The caregivers who want to use senile welfare institutions accounted for 23.3%, and the major reason they could not use the institutions was due to their economic situation. 4) The Korean senile dementia care management system must be excuted, considering caregivers' economic state and severity of dementia. Since the system was actively operated, many small sized welfare service institutions showed development. Conclusion: The welfare services appropriate to the severity of dementia should be provided. With the model developed in this study, the dementia management requires sufficient care and should be achieved to reduce the caregivers burden.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.603-614
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• 2016

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data regarding the intention to use community care service based on special grading for dementia in the South Korean Society. Methods. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire adapted on the basis of literature review regarding the first to fourth grade under the long-term care insurance system for the aged from May 1 to 30, 2015 and a total of 272 questionnaires were statistically processed using SPSS 21.0. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and cross-tabulation analysis were performed. The non-parametric type of test, ${\chi}^2$ test, was used for statistical testing. Results. This study obtained the following results: First, caregivers had greater intention to ask recipients to use daytime and nighttime care service. Second, there were statistically significant differences in caregivers' education, occupation, monthly average income, co-residence status, intimacy, and care-giving burden (emotional, financial, and social) and recipients' activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, mental health status, dementia status, and intention to use community care service based on special grading for dementia. Conclusions. There are very few statistical data and academic materials regarding special grading for dementia, which has recently been established. The results of this study are therefore expected to help make a systematic analysis of the intention to use community care service by caregivers based on special grading for dementia.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2024

Purpose: The global burden of disease and mortality is greatly influenced by malaria, particularly in children. Nigeria alone accounts for about 25% of global malaria cases and fatalities. Despite efforts to control and eliminate malaria, conventional treatments have limitations, prompting the need for a vaccine. However, while efforts have focused on researching and developing malaria vaccines, less attention has been given to public acceptance and preparedness for vaccination. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional approach to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and readiness of caregivers towards the malaria vaccine. Data were collected through a physical and online survey among a representative sample of caregivers across the six geopolitical regions of Nigeria. The data was analyzed using principal component analysis and percentages. Results: Out of 347 respondents, 180 (51%) men, 165 (46.6%) women, 2 (0.5%) transgender, 156 (45%) rural settlers, and 191 (55%) urban settlers were identified in this study. The study reported an overall acceptance rate of 78.4% and 21.6% resistance rate. The age group between 21-30 years recorded the highest 207 (59.6%). A significant number of participants, 252 (59.6%), held at least a higher or post-secondary certificate, out of which 193 (55.6%) demonstrated strong readiness to accept the malaria vaccine. The study showed that fear of adverse effects was the main reason for malaria vaccine resistance among caregivers. Conclusion: This study's findings offer valuable insights into caregivers' knowledge about the malaria vaccine, highlighting the factors that impact the acceptance of the malaria vaccine.