• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8101-8105
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• 2016

Background: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Bahasa Malaysia (BM) version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Colorectal Cancer-specific Quality Of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-CR29). Materials and Methods: We studied 93 patients recruited from University Malaya and Universiti Kebangsaan Medical Centers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia using a self-administered method. Tools included QLQ-C30, QLQ-CR29 and Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS). Statistical analyses included Cronbach's alpha, test-retest correlations, multi-traits scaling and known-groups comparisons. A p vaue ${\leq}0.05$ was considered significant. Results: The internal consistency coefficients for body image, urinary frequency, blood and mucus and stool frequency scales were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha ${\alpha}{\geq}0.65$). However, the coefficients were low for the blood and mucus and stool frequency scales in patients with a stoma bag (${\alpha}=0.46$). Test-retest correlation coefficients were moderate to high (range: r = 0.51 to 1.00) for most of the scales except anxiety, urinary frequency, buttock pain, hair loss, stoma care related problems, and dyspareunia (r ${\leq}0.49$). Convergent and discriminant validities were achieved in all scales. Patients with a stoma reported significantly higher symptoms of blood and mucus in the stool, flatulence, faecal incontinence, sore skin, and embarrassment due to the frequent need to change the stoma bag (p < 0.05) compared to patients without stoma. None of the scales distinguished between patients based on the KPS scores. There were no overlaps between scales in the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 (r < 0.40). Conclusions: the BM version of the QLQ-CR29 indicated acceptable psychometric properties in most of the scales similar to original validation study. This questionnaire could be used to complement the QLQ-C30 in assessing HRQOL among BM speaking population with colorectal cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3809-3816
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• 2016

Background: Increasing knowledge and awareness of cancer screening significantly influence health promotion behavior which could markedly reduce incidence rates. In many countries, health care providers are the principal source of information concerning cancer screening. This study was carried out to assess the level of knowledge concerning cancer screening among medical students, house officers and residents and to explore their attitude towards cancer screening practices. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kasr Al Ainy Medical School at Cairo University in Egypt, with 300 undergraduate medical students and 150 postgraduates (interns and residents) enrolled. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the study participants regarding personal and education-related information, knowledge about cancer screening and its sources, and attitude towards cancer screening. Results: More than 64% of participants had knowledge scores of ${\leq}10$ points (out of 24). The total knowledge score (out of 6 points) for breast cancer screening increased from $1.9{\pm}1.0$ to $2.3{\pm}1.2$ and $2.4{\pm}1.1$ for $4^{th}$, $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ year respectively, interns showed the highest score of $2.6{\pm}1.1$, P= 0.001. Year of enrollment at medical school was a significant positive predictor of acquiring knowledge about cancer screening (post graduate vs. undergraduate students) (OR= 1.30, C.I =1.01-1.63), lack of or none receiving of orientation/training about cancer screening was the sole negative significant predictor for proper knowledge about cancer screening (OR=0.50, C.I=0.31-0.82). Over 92% of students agreed that they had insufficient knowledge about cancer screening, 88.2% appraised the need to have enough knowledge in order to direct/advice patients, relatives and friends, and 93.7% required that the faculty should emphasize the importance of cancer screening in the delivered curricula at medical school. Conclusions: A relatively low to moderate level of knowledge about cancer screening was detected among the selected medical students regardless of their year of enrollment at medical school or their graduation status, which may implicate a negative impact on early cancer detection especially in a low resource country like Egypt.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anger expression and self-esteem of female college students of dental hygiene. Participants were 598 female students who majored in dental hygiene from randomly selected colleges, located in Daejeon and Chungcheongbuk-do. Data were gathered from May 20 to June 5, 2014, using structured questionnaires. The major findings of the study were as follows: the correlation between anger expression and self-esteem was analyzed, and self-esteem was found to have a weak significant negative correlation with anger expression. On analyzing data to explore which variables affected self-esteem, it was found that self-esteem was influenced by grade, school record, harassment, language psychological violence, and bullying. The above-mentioned findings suggest that anger expression is related to self-esteem. After graduation from college, dental hygiene students, encounter a variety of interpersonal relationships in their work. Therefore self-esteem programs need to be developed and implemented at an individual, departmental, and collegiate level to help students learn to respect themselves and others, and to provide appropriate care.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2009

The realistic problem about the dental hygiene education in our country is what the correlation between theoretical education and clinical education is short, and what the systematically clinical-practice education is failing to be realized. In order to solve this problem, the aim is to introduce preceptor and to present necessity in order to apply preceptor to the practice education for dental hygiene department. 1. What is the largest in the difference between the observation experience and the performance experience by element in clinical-performance activity is the patience-care service sphere(P < .001). 2. A hospital with the highest observation-practice experience level in children with the observation experience by hospital was in order of K hospital, Y hospital, H hospital, B hospital, and A hospital(P < .001, P < .01). 3. A hospital was the highest in the difference of the performance-practice experience level by hospital. And, the next was in order of H hospital, Y hospital, K hospital, and B hospital(P < .001, P < .01). 4. As for recognition on importance of clinical-practice activity in dental hygienists, the dental hygienists with more than the third year were indicated to be the highest than the dental hygienists with less than the 3rd year among 58 dental hygienists. Given seeing the results of this study, the more systematic and educational clinical-practice environment will need to be improved by suggesting a role of preceptor and to seek for a plan for application in the clinical-practice education.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.69-89
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• 2001

This study is focused that the electronic commerce(EC) on the purchasing section may improve the efficiency and transparency of the hospitals management. After reviewing the purchasing activity of hospitals, I study the introduction, expected effects, and problems of EC. So, I am going to provide basic information for activating EC. The samples are managers of 170 hospitals, which are located on Seoul. As a result of collection this survey, I analyze 79 hospitals. For data analysis, I use $X^2$-test and ANOVA for purchasing management and the relevance of EC according to the level of care. The results of this study are 1. The problems on the management of purchasing section are: firstly, they don't have sufficient time to study market. Secondly, it is difficult to find competitive suppliers. And, lastly, they cannot gather a lot of information about the price of products. 2. There are many answers of the needs on the introduction of B2B. However, some hospitals think they don't need it. But, the most answers are that the EC will be settled within 4 years. So, we can realize that these hospitals are getting interested on the EC. On the other hand, I find that they prefer outside EC companies for the introduction of EC. 3. On the expected effects on EC, first is the effectiveness of the market survey. The next is to collect information of adequate price of products owing to clear transaction, find easier new suppliers and gather useful data. 4. On the external problems of the introduction of EC, there is low credibility related to the security and the weakness of suppliers' information system. Especially, on the Real Transaction Price Payment system, the bigger bed size, the higher understanding on these problems. On the internal problems of the introduction of EC, first is the burden of the introduction of EC and operating cost. Especially, on the burden of the disclosure of revenue source, the smaller bed size, the higher understanding on this problem So, this is a point which deserves my attention statistically. However, this shows relatively little understanding about incomplete the standard of product category and the weak information system of hospital. Through this study, I am going to suggest 3 points for the activation of the introduction of EC on hospitals. 1. The reform of the Real Transaction Price Payment System on medical supplies and materials for medical treatment 2. The establishment of the standard of product category 3. The promotion of information system based on network.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-61
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to promote the efficiency of the management of the controls organization in the university hospitals and general hospitals by evaluating the factors underlying organizational conflict. The subject population included 351 hospital workers randomly selected from two general hospitals of less than 200 beds and two university hospitals over 500 beds in Seoul area. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire. To define related factors for the level of conflict among departments in each hospitals multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Independent factors were characteristics of subjects, conflicting factors between the departments. The results are as follows: 1. Those in high job position group demonstrated significantly higher level of conflict between departments. Those working in the general hospitals, who were older and had long-term tenure at current working hospital had higher level of conflict between the departments. 2. Concerning the involvement of conflicting factors and the level of conflict in the employees' there was statistically significant positive correlation between reliability and job-related and intradepartmental level of conflict in university hospitals. There was a significant positive correlation between interdepartmental conflicting factors of mutual dependence, difference in goal/orientation and interdepartmental level of conflict. 3. In the university hospitals, among the interdepartmental factors, mutual dependence and difference in goal/orientation had statistically significant influence and showed a positive relationship with interdepartmental level of conflict. In the general hospitals, job position was a significant factor which showed that those in high position such as section chief or above, compared to those in general position had higher level of conflict. Among the interdepartmental characteristics, factors of mutual dependence and goal/orientation had statistically significant influence and showed a positive relationship with interdepartmental level of conflict. In the general hospitals setting efforts to reduce conflict in areas among workers with high position, old age, and long tenure and those in medical care department should be made and prudent management and planning for improved manpower and increased budget or efficient allocation and clear definition of job description are necessary to adequately assess. In the university hospitals setting efforts to reexaminitation of the organizational structure and efficiency conveyance of information and efforts to resolve conflict among young workers with lower level of education is need. This study has its own merit in comparing empirically the conflict among hospital workers in the university hospitals and general hospitals. Future study are needed with respect to the relationship between interdepartmental level of conflict and the effectiveness of the hospital organization for improved resolution of conflict in the organization and hospital management.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.264-274
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze papers on child rearing in Korea and to suggest future research and nursing practice directions for child rearing. Methods: An on-line search via 5 web sites yielded 201 research papers. The analysis of key concepts was based on the attributes of parenting and type of knowledge held by the parents. Results: The research papers found in the search were 27.3% experimental and 72.7% non-experimental. Among the participants, 77.0% of parents raising the child were mothers and the children were mostly young children under the age of one year. Types of knowledge related to child rearing varied widely, but explanatory knowledge (55.2%) was the most common, followed by prescriptive knowledge (30.0%) and descriptive knowledge (14.8%). For attributes of parenting, reaction to parenting (49.9%) followed by parenting behavior/practice (43.1%) was most common. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that further research is necessary regarding fathers and surrogate caregivers and on prescriptive knowledge for health promotion of children at different developmental stages. Also the results suggest a need for research toward developing child care policies.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

Purpose: Maternal-fetal attachment in a pregnant woman is important for her health and for her child's emotional stability. This study was done to identify the contribution of maternal fatigue, social support, and Taegyo to maternal-fetal attachment based on a survey of pregnant women. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation study. Participants were 211 from two women's health clinic centers. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Mean scores for maternal-fetal attachment, Taegyo, maternal fatigue, and social support were 93.74 (range 25-125), 64.76 (17-85), 24.12 (10-40), and 54.43 (22-132), respectively. There were significant differences in maternal-fetal attachment according to parity, breast feeding experience, and putting prenatal education into practice. Multiple regression analysis showed that the key determinants of maternal-fetal attachment, were Taegyo (${\beta}$=.67), maternal fatigue (${\beta}$=.21), and social support (${\beta}$=.13), and these explained 55% of the total variance of attachment. Conclusion: The results suggest a need to encourage Taegyo in prenatal management program and provide methods for fatigue resolution and promotion of social support.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 2001

This study was conducted for the evaluation of the effects of singing program combined with physical exercise on the physiologic changes, perception function and degree of depression. The subjects were the members of elderly women's glee club in D care center for the elderly, who have been singing for more than 6 months. 30 members were allocated to study group and 30 to control group. The singing program designed for both physical therapy and music therapy was consisted of initial physical exercise, singing art songs and classical song and the finishing physical exercise. This program was performed twice a week and about forth minutes was consumed for one session. We checked the heart rate, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation, perception function and degree of depression before and after the program. We used a pulse oxymeter to check the heart rate to oxygen saturation and a questionnaire for the evaluation of perception function and degree of depression. We need SPSS program for data analysis. The results of the investigated personnel complying with general characteristics were analyzed by frequency, two groups by t-test, data before and after the program by paired t-test, respectively. The results were as follows. 1) Heart rate after the program was significantly lower than that before program in test group(p<0.05). 2) Peripheral oxygen saturation after the program was significantly higher than that before the program(p<0.05). 3) Ability to match the right sign with a certain predetermined number was improved after the program. The frequency of wrong matching the sign with number before program was 30. But the frequency was decreased to 8 after the program. 4) Ability to calculate was improved after the program. The frequency of wrong calculation before the program was $1.10{\pm}1.94$. But the frequency after the program was decreased to $0.97{\pm}1.84$. 5) The degree of depression after the program($2.07{\pm}0.49$) was significantly lower than that before program(p<0.001). These results show that singing program combined with physical exercise improves the oxygen delivery to peripheral circulation, stability of heart function, the perception function(calculating and matching ability) and decreases the degree of depression. In conclusion, singing program combined with physical exercise can be used for the effective measure to improve the health of elderly and prevent dementia.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2001

The object of this study was to measure the biocidal effect of povidone on staphylococcus found in tracheal incision site, change following the disinfection frequency and duration, and tolerance to the antibiotics. The data was analysed by percentage and t-test using SAS program. The subjects of this study are 35 tracheostomy patients in and Intensive Care Unite of the hospital located in Daegu city and analysing term was from January 16 to February 26, 2001. The results of this study were as follows. The biocidal effect of povidone on Staphylococcus was strong regardless of time and concentration. Staphylococcus aureus was found on third day and found to be highest concentration on 6th day after disinfection of once/a day. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was not found from 1st to 3rd day and highest on 4th day after disinfection of once/a day. As to bacteria colonization following the disinfection frequency, twice per day of disinfection was more effective on Staphylococcus aureus than once a day. In tolerance test of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, 72.7% of Staphylococcus aureus showed tolerance in Methicillin, 63.6% in Imipenem, and 37.5% of Coagulase negative Staphylococcus showed tolerance in Methicillin, 12.5% in Imipenem. Both of them do not have any tolerance in Vancomycin. The results of this study can be used as the basis for protection against hospital mediated infection through thorough disinfection. With above results, I suggest the following. First, we should research relation between antiseptics and fungi, virus more deeply. Secondly, all medical personnel should try to protect against the hospital medicated infection. Thirdly, there is a need of training professional disinfection personnel for preventing hospital mediated infection and the progress of nursing science.