• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 1973

This is a report on a total of four cases of esophageal perforation due to fish bone in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital. The perforated portions of esophagus were upper third of esophagus, that is, cervical esophalgus principally. The complications after esophageal perforation were acute mediastinitis with mediastinal emphysema in 2 cases, acute mediastinitis with both pyothorax in one case and cervical subcutaneous abscess alone in one case. Collar mediastinostomy was required to control disturbance of cardiopulmonary function as emergency procedure. Gastrostomy was of worthy for the various purposes, that` is, for feeding, absolute rest of the esophagus, and for prevention against continuous infection from esophageal leakage. After the gastrostomy. 3 cases were healed by spontaneous closure of esophageal perforation between one to four weeks. One case expired from severe septic shock due to acute diffuse mediastinitis and both pyothorax.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2016

Changes in the cardiovascular and bispectral index score were evaluated in dogs subjected to constant rate infusion (CRI) with alfaxalone. Fifteen dogs were assigned to three groups of 5. Groups and doses of alfaxalone were as follows: group 1, 3 mg/kg for induction and 6 mg/kg/h for CRI; group 2, 3 mg/kg for induction and 8 mg/kg/h for CRI; and group 3, 3 mg/kg for induction and 10 mg/kg/h for CRI. CRI was maintained for 1 h. Respiratory rates and blood pressures showed minimal changes; however, mild tachycardia and mild hypoxemia occurred, especially in group 3. There were some disparities between bispectral index score, electromyography and pedal withdrawal reflex test when measuring anesthetic depth. Additional premedications and/or analgesic agents would be helpful to avoid adverse effects of alfaxalone and provide improved cardiopulmonary functions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.677-685
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• 1997

Thromboelastography(TEG) is the unique measure that gives rapid information about the whole clotting process. Simplifying the diagnosis of coagulopathy during operations, TEG can provide an adequate therapy for postoperative bleeding. Remarkable improvement in hemostasis after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) has been achieved by the treatment with proteinase inhibitor aprotinin, but the hemostatic mechanism of aprotinin during CPB is still unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of aprotinin on coagulation system during CPB by using TEG. Forty patients who underwent CPB were divided into two groups: aprotinin(2u 106 kallikrein inhibition units, as a single dose into the cardiopulmonary bypass priming solution) treatment group(male 14, female 8, mean age=50.Byears) and no aprotinin treatment(control) group(male 10, female 8, mean age=53.4 years). TEG, activated clotting time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet counts, fibrinogen an (ibrinogen degradation product(FDP) concentrations were checked before and after CPB(30 minutes after neutralization of heparin effect by protamine sulfate). There was no significant difference in other conventional coagulation tests of two groups except postcardiopulmonary bypass FDP concentration in control group, which was significantly increased compared to that in aprotinin group(p<0.05). In TEG variables of both groups, clot formation time(K) and alpha $angle(\alpha^{\circ})$ were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after CPB(p<0.05), but fibrinolytic index(LYS60) was not changed during CPB. In aprotinin group, reaction time(R) was decreased significantly after CPB(p<0.05) but maximum amplitude(MA) was not changed(p>0.05). On the contrary, R was not changed markedly but MA was decreased significantly in control group after CPB(p<0.05). This result shows that main change in coagulation system during CPB is not hyperfibrinolysis but cecrease in clot strength by platelet dys unction, and the main effect of aprotinin during cardiopulmonary bypass is the maintenance of clot strength to the pre-CPB level by the preservation of platelet function.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.225-232
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• 2009

This study conducted the following experiment to examine effects of cardiovascular function on lumbar stabilization exercise(LSE) in floor or swiss ball. This experiment was conducted to compare heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and peripheral vascular oxygen saturation effects by lumbar stabilization exercise in floor or swiss ball with 18 normal adult and it divided 9 subjects. experiment group (1) is applying LSE on floor group and (2) is applying LSE on swiss ball group. Heart rate was measured by portable heart rate manometer, blood pressure was measured by hemodynamometer, and peripheral vascular oxygen concentration was measured using a computerized NURYTEC measuring apparatus analysis. These result lead us to the conclusion that systolic blood pressure and peripheral vascular oxygen concentration were influenced by LSE. but there was not differential effect between each groups. These results suggest that LSE has the capability to improve heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral vascular oxygen concentration. Consequently, LSE would be lead to increment of cardiovascular function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1998

My prior questionnaire has applied to 12 male and 29 female adults over 30-69 years old suffering from lumbago fer 6 months at least or having diagnosis of lumbago. I had the following conclusions from physical characteristics and cardiopulmonary capacity of lumbago Patients caused by obesity 1) The rate of lipids in the body was rotated to the maximum heart rate in the male group of lumbago patients (P<0.01). 2) The rate of lipids in the body was related to the maximum intake of oxygen(O2) in the male group of lumbago patients(P<0.01). 3) The maximum heart rae was related to the maximum intake of oxygen in the male group of lumbago patients(P<0.01). 4) The rate of lipids in the body was related to the maximum intake of oxygen in the female group of lumbago patients(P<0.05). 5) The rate of lipids in the body showed no relation to the maximum heart rate in the female group of lumbago patients(P>0.05). 6) The maximum heart rate was related to the maximum intake of oxygen in the female group of lumbago patients(P<0.01). 7) The cardiovascular system showed no relation te the function of the lungs in the male and female groups of lumbago patients(P>0.05) 8) The lung capacity per second of lumbago patients(FEV $1.0\%$) measured less than normal adults. 9) The maximum intake of oxygen(V02max) and heart rate was less than normal adults. Thus I summarized the conclusion so follows: the cardiovascular system of lumbago patients showed no relation to their pulmonary function, and the rate of lipids in the body Showed a correlation with the maximum intake of oxygen but the rate of lipids in the body showed no relation to their pulmonary function.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.491-498
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• 2015

We investigated the effect of constant rate infusion (CRI) with doxapram on cardiopulmonary function during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with remifentanil and propofol CRI in dogs. Fifteen male Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups. All groups were premedicated with medetomidine ($20{\mu}g/kg$, IV) and anesthetized by remifentanil/propofol CRI for one and half hour. At the initiating of the anesthesia, different doses of doxapram for each group were administrated as the followings; D1 group - doxapram 0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by doxapram $8.33{\mu}g/kg/min$, D2 group - doxapram 2 mg/kg bolus followed by doxapram $66.66{\mu}g/kg/min$, control group - normal saline. The anesthetic depth for surgery was well maintained in all groups throughout the anesthetic periods. The respiratory rate was significantly higher in D2 group than that of control group (p < 0.05). The values of $PaO_2$ and $SaO_2$ were significantly increased in both D1 and D2 groups compared with control group (p < 0.05). High dose of doxapram (D2 group) significantly decreased the level of $PaCO_2$ compared with control group (p < 0.05). The values of systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure were significantly increased in doxapram 2 group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the values of heart rate and pH of arterial blood. Therefore, doxapram CRI may be useful to alleviate the suppression of cardiopulmonary function including hypoxia and hypotension during TIVA with remifentanil and propofol in dogs.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.989-995
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate variation of cardiopulmonary function by use of building stairs, a questionnair survey and measurement was carried out for 50 students of department of physical therapy Andong Junior College from 20th September to 3rd October, 1995. The result were as follows: The average systolic blood pressure(SBP) of stability for 50 college students who were measured was 121.3 mmHg, the average diastolic blood pressure(DBP) of stability was 78.5 mmHg, the average pulse frequency of stability was 71.8(frequency/min), the average breathing frequency of stability was 20.4(frequency/min), and the body temperature of stability was $36.8^{\circ}C$. SBP among the second, third, and fourth floors was 129.0 mmHg, 127.0 mmHg, and, 132.0 mmHg (p=0.1919), DBP was 80.1 mmHg, 76.5 mmHg, and, 82.0 mmHg (p=0.4229), the pulse frequency was 74.0, 73.1, and 74.0(frequency/min). The breathing frequency among the second, third, and fourth floors was statistically gradually increased according to 21.4, 23.1 and 24.6(frequency/min)(p=0.0071). The body temperature among the second, third, and fourth floors was statistically less and less decreased according to $36.8^{\circ}C,\;36.6^{\circ}C$ and $36.5^{\circ}C$(p=0.0040). It was revealed by this study, the breathing frequency among the second, third, and fourth floors was statistically significant increased, the body temperature was statistically significant decreased.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.2 s.247
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

Background: Preoperative elevated serum creatinine values are associated with increased risk for both morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). We investigated the postoperative changes of renal function and proper management in the patients. Material and Method: Among 74 consecutive patients who underwent isolated on-pump CABG, 17 patients with increased serum creatinine level $(creatinine\;\geqq\;1.5\;mg/dL)$ within preoperative one week wereincluded in the study. Seven patients showed pre­operative serum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL or higher, and 3 of them had been undergoing hemodialysis. Preoperative hemodialysis was performed in the 3 patients due to end-stage renal failure (ESRD) the day before the operation. We started peritoneal dialysis immediately after the cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with ESRD or postoperative acute renal failure if it was necessary to remove intravascular volume and lower serum creatinine level. Result In most of the patients with CABG, postoperative serum creatinine level increased and recovered to the preoperative level at the discharge. In 2 of the 4 patients with serum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL or higher and 3 patients with ESRD, intravascular volume, serum creatinine level and serum electrolyte were controlled with peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion: Postoperative serum creatinine level increased transiently in most of CABG patients, and intravascular volume and serum creatinine level were controlled by peritoneal dialysis only in the patients with acute renal failure postoperatively and those depending on hemodialysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2014

Background: To determine the predictors of clinical outcomes following surgical descending thoracic aortic (DTA) repair. Methods: We identified 103 patients (23 females; mean age, $64.1{\pm}12.3$ years) who underwent DTA replacement from 1999 to 2011 using either deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (44%) or partial cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, 56%). Results: The early mortality rate was 4.9% (n=5). Early major complications occurred in 21 patients (20.3%), which included newly required hemodialysis (9.7%), low cardiac output syndrome (6.8%), pneumonia (7.8%), stroke (6.8%), and multi-organ failure (3.9%). None experienced paraplegia. During a median follow-up of 56.3 months (inter-quartile range, 23.1 to 85.1 months), there were 17 late deaths and one aortic reoperation. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was $80.9%{\pm}4.3%$ and $71.7%{\pm}5.9%$, respectively. Reoperation-free survival at 5 and 10 years was $77.3%{\pm}4.8%$ and $70.2%{\pm}5.8%$. Multivariable analysis revealed that age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.15; p<0.001) and left ventricle (LV) function (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.96; p<0.003) were significant and independent predictors of long-term mortality. CPB strategy, however, was not significantly related to mortality (p=0.49). Conclusion: Surgical DTA repair was practicable in terms of acceptable perioperative mortality/morbidity as well as favorable long-term survival. Age and LV function were risk factors for long-term mortality, irrespective of the CPB strategy.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine exercise program and outcome variables of exercise intervention studies from 1985 to 2004 in 9 major nursing journals in Korea. Method: From 81 articles, publishing year, research design, subjects, exercise program and outcome variables were analyzed. Results: The 57 papers(70.4%) were experimental research among 81 papers. Subjects of exercise intervention studies were demonstrated that patients were 55.6% while healthy person was 44.4%. Exercise type by the subjects which demonstrated the highest proportion was dance movement for the elderly, walking for the middle aged women and aqua exercise for the arthritis. The 40 papers(49.4%) included exercise duration, frequency and time for the exercise program which demonstrated the highest proportion. Outcome variables to determine the effect of exercise intervention were demonstrated to be physical function, physiological index, psychological and emotional variables, cardiopulmonary function, body composition, physical symptoms, variables related to exercise and behavior in order. Conclusion: Half of the exercise intervention papers included exercise duration, frequency, time and intensity for the exercise program. Frequently used outcome variables to determine the effect of exercise intervention were demonstrated to be physical function, physiological index and psychological emotional variables.