• 제목/요약/키워드: Cardinal function

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ON THE ASYMPTOTIC CONVERGENCE OF ORTHONORMAL CARDINAL REFINABLE FUNCTIONS

  • Kim, Rae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.133-137
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    • 2008
  • We prove an extended version of asymptotic behavior of the orthonormal cardinal refinable functions from Blaschke products introduced by Contronei et al [2]. In fact, we show the orthonormal cardinal refinable function ${\varphi}_{k,q}$ converges in $L^p(\mathbb{R})$ ($2{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty}$) to the Shannon refinable function as ${\kappa}{\rightarrow}{\infty}$ uniforml on a class $\mathcal{Q}_{A,B}$ of real symmetric polynomials determined by positive constants $A{\leq}B$.

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CONSTRUCTION OF POSITIVE INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS FOR DIFFUSION TENSOR

  • Shim, Hong-Tae
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제23권1_2호
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    • pp.563-570
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    • 2007
  • There has been a considerable research interest in medical communities for neuronal fiber tracking with magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging(DTI). DTI data have abundant structural boundaries that need to be preserved during interpolation to facilitate fiber tracking. Sigmoid function has been used in recent papers but the sigmoid function still is not good enough to be served as an positive interpolation in mathematical point of view. In this paper, we construct and provide two families positive cardinal interpolation functions.

CARDINALITY OF TYPE 2 FOR FUZZY-VALUED FUNCTIONS

  • Jang, Lee-Chae
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 1999
  • In this paper we define generalized concepts of cardinal-ity of a fuzzy-valued function and obtained some properties of these new concepts.

Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.

고차유한요소의 파랑변형해석에의 적용에 관한 소고 (A Study on Wave Transformation Analysis using Higher-Order Finite Element)

  • 정태화;이종인;김영택;류용욱
    • 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.108-116
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    • 2009
  • 유한요소법에 사용되어 효율적으로 파랑변형을 해석할 수 있는 (Legendre 보간 함수) 방법을 소개하였다. 고차의 보간함수를 사용하는 유한요소모형은 대부분이 Lagrangian 보간 함수를 사용한다. 이 경우, 적은 수의 요소를 사용하고도 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있다는 장점이 있지만 결과를 얻기 위해 소요되는 시간이 증가한다는 단점이 있다. Mass lumping을 통하여 계산 시간을 절약할 수는 있지만 이 경우에는 해의 정확성이 떨어진다는 단점이 있어 정확도를 향상시키기 위하여 요소의 수를 증가시켜 다시 계산시간이 증대되는 문제가 생기게 된다. 본 연구에서 Lagrangian 보간 함수의 변형된 형태인 Legendre 보간함수에 수치적분을 사용하여 mass lumping을 수행한 것과 같이 대각 행렬을 만들어 시간 절약의 효과를 얻으면서도 정확도가 어느 정도 유지되는 방법을 소개하였다. Boussinesq 방정식을 이용한 다양한 수치 계산을 통하여 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법의 우수성을 검증하였다.

상대적(相對的) 위험(危險)과 추계적(推計的)-통계적(統計的) 우세법칙(優勢法則) (Relative Risk Aversion and Stochastic-Statistical Dominance)

  • 이대주
    • 대한산업공학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.33-44
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    • 1989
  • This paper presents stochastic-statistical dominance rules which eliminate dominated alternatives thereby reduce the number of satisficing alternatives to a manageable size so that the decision maker can choose the best alternative among them when neither the utility function nor the probability distribution of outcomes is exactly known. Specifically, it is assumed that only the characteristics of the utility function and the value function are known. Also, it is assumed that prior probabilities of the mutually exclusive states of nature are not known, but their relative bounds are known. First, the notion of relative risk aversion is used to describe the decision maker's attitude toward risk, which is defined with the acknowledgement that the utility function of the decision maker is a composite function of a cardinal value function and a utility function with-respect to the value function. Then, stochastic-statistical dominance rules are developed to screen out dominated alternatives according to the decision maker's attitude toward risk represented in the form of the measure of relative risk aversion.

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채취산지별 물푸레나무 종자의 온도에 대한 발아반응 비교 (Comparison of Seed Germination Response to Temperature by Provenances in Fraxinus rhynchophylla)

  • 최충호;서병수;탁우식;조경진;김장수;한상억
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제97권6호
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    • pp.576-581
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    • 2008
  • 산지별 물푸레나무 종자의 산지이동시 생태적 조건에 대한 적응력을 예측하고 직파조림 및 포지양묘 시 최대의 발아효과를 얻고자 $5{\sim}35^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 온도에 대한 발아반응을 조사한 결과, 발아율, 발아속도에서 채취산지간 차이가 관찰되었다. 인제에서 채취한 종자가 저온($5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$)에서 발아율이 우세하였으며, 고온($30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$)에서는 강릉의 종자가 우세하였다. 또한 발아율 값에 의한 2차 회귀식 모델에서 도출된 기준온도, 최대온도 및 적정온도는 4개 산지간 다양하게 나타났는데, 인제가 가장 낮았고 강릉이 가장 높게 나타났다. 발아속도에 근거한 주요 온도 추정 모델 역시 산지간에 다양하게 나타났다. 기준온도의 경우 횡성이 가장 낮았으며 강릉이 가장 높았다. 최대온도 및 적정온도는 인제에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 역시 강릉에서 가장 높게 나타나 발아에 영향을 미치는 주요 온도들의 경우 저온산지보다 비교적 고온인 산지에서 더 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 유묘생산을 위한 파종시 주요 온도를 고려할 때 2차 회귀모델과 선형모델 중 어느 것을 선택할 지는 유묘생산시의 목표에 달려있다. 즉 유묘생산량에 초점을 두었다면 2차 회귀모델을, 출현속도나 균일성에 초점을 두었다면 선형모델을 선택함이 바람직할 것이다.

Activating Twenty-four: Time, Space, and Body

  • KOHN, Livia
    • 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.57-83
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    • 2022
  • Numbers structure reality and define the way people live. Both in Daoism and in Daesoon Jinrihoe they signify key concepts, notably the cardinal numbers from one through nine that classify different dimensions of the cosmos. Beyond these, the number twenty-four plays an important role. In a temporal mode, it marks the divisions or seasonal periods of the year. Consisting of fifteen days each, these periods signal (and are named after) changes in dominant weather patterns and the position of the sun. Generally activated in the body through particular seasonal activities and dietary prescriptions, in Daoism they are also the root of a series of healing exercises and certain refinement practices of internal alchemy. In Daesoon Jinrihoe, moreover, they are activated by chanting a specific incantation that invokes the twenty-four divine rulers of the divisions, originally a group of Tang Dynasty officials that in nature and function resemble the spirit generals of the early Celestial Masters. Beyond this, the number twenty-four also applies to space. Not unlike the twenty-eight lunar stations or mansions, traditional cosmology acknowledges twenty-four directions, made up of six constellations each in the four cardinal directions, complete with starry deities and divine generals. Their powers are activated with the help of written characters rather than vocal incantations, using techniques common both in Daoism and Daesoon Jinrihoe.

TILT CORRECTION FOR A WIDE-FIELD ON-AXIS TELESCOPE USING THE SYMMETRICITY OF OPTICAL ABERRATIONS

  • Lee, Chung-Uk;Kim, Yunjong;Kim, Seung-Lee;Lee, Dong-Joo;Cha, Sang-Mok;Lee, Yongseok;Kim, Dong-Jin
    • 천문학회지
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    • 제54권4호
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2021
  • It is difficult for observers to conduct an optical alignment at an observatory without the assistance of an optical engineer if optomechanical parts are to be replaced at night. We present a practical tilt correction method to obtain the optimal optical alignment condition using the symmetricity of optical aberrations of a wide-field on-axis telescope at night. We conducted coarse tilt correction by visually examining the symmetry of two representative star shapes obtained at two guide chips facing each other, such as east-west or north-south pairs. After coarse correction, we observed four sets of small stamp images using four guide cameras located at each cardinal position by changing the focus positions in 10-㎛ increments and passing through the optimum focus position in the range of ±200 ㎛. The standard deviation of each image, as a function of the focus position, was fitted with a second-order polynomial function to derive the optimal focus position at each cardinal edge. We derived the tilt angles from the slopes converted by the distance and the focus position difference between two paired guide chip combinations such as east-west and north-south. We used this method to collimate the on-axis wide-field telescope KMTNet in Chile after replacing two old focus actuators. The total optical alignment time was less than 30 min. Our method is practical and straightforward for maintaining the optical performance of wide-field telescopes such as KMTNet.