• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.735-739
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• 2010

An 8 month old female Maltese (body weight 3.6 kg) was referred with primary complaints of dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Diagnostic imaging studies revealed marked cardiomegaly and prominent main pulmonary trunk dilation on thoracic radiography, abnormally arisen aortic roots (toward right ventricle) with left-to right shunted perimembraneous ventricular septal defect located underneath of aortic root, aortic root was located to predominantly to the right ventricle and pulmonary regurgitation (peak velocity 4.7 m/s, pressure gradient ~88 mmHg) from pulmonary over-circulation and hypertension on echocardiography, indicating double outlet right ventricle (DORV). The dog was treated with furosemide (1 mg/kg, BID) for reducing volume overload at right ventricle, spironolatcone (1 mg/kg) and enalapril (0.5 mg/kg) for minimizing deleterious cardiac remodeling, and sildenafil (1 mg/kg) for lessening pulmonary over-circulation and hypertension. The clinical condition of this dog was improved after 1 week of medical treatment. The dog is currently survived and regularly monitored.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.729-734
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• 2010

An 11-year old, intact female Poodle (weighing 2.3 kg) was referred with signs of consistent coughing, dyspnea, poor exercise tolerance, and anorexia. Diagnostic imaging and laboratory studies revealed idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion complicated with ISACHC Ib stage of chronic mitral valvular degeneration. Percutaneous transcatheter pericardiotomy (PTP) was performed at the right precordium using alligator forceps with fluoroscopic guidance. Immediately after PTP, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram showed dramatic improvement of cardiac performance. Patient was released with the prescription of furosemide (1 mg/kg, bid, PO), enalapril (0.5 mg/kg, bid, PO), cephradine (20 mg/kg, bid, PO) for mild mitral regurgitation and post-management of infection. Diagnostic studies performed at 2 weeks after PTP revealed no further accumulation of pericardial effusion and improvement of clinical signs. The dog is currently medicated with enalapril and monitored regularly.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2014

A 2-month-old intact male Pitbull terrier (weighing 1.01 kg) were referred with primary complaints of severe abdominal distension, exercise intolerance, retarded growth, yellow nasal discharge and anorexia. Diagnostic imaging studies found enlarged right atrium partitioned by abnormal membrane, severe pulmonic systolic jets (5.66 m/s of peak velocity) and right-to-left blood shunt at the inter-atrial septum. Based on clinical and diagnostic findings, the case was diagnosed as cor triatriatum dexter complicated with severe pulmonic stenosis and right-to-left shunted patent foramen ovale. Either surgical or interventional therapy has not been attempted, because of unstable patient's condition. Using blood transfusion, oxygen supply and cardiac medications (i.e., sildenafil, spironolactone, enalapril), the dog was recovered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.360-362
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• 2002

Myocardial tagging technique such as spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) allows the study of myocardial motion with high accuracy. Tagging contrast of such a tagging images can affect to the accuracy of the estimation of tag intersection in order to analyze the myocardial motion. Tagging contrast can be affected by tagline spacing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between tagline spacing of SPAMM image and tagging contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) experimentally. One healthy volunteer was undergone electrocardiographically triggered MR imaging with SPAMM-based tagging pulse sequence at a 1.5T MR scanner (Gyroscan Intera, Philips Medical System, Netherland). Horizontally modulated stripe patterns were imposed with a range from 3.6mm to 9.6mm of tagline spacing. Images of the left ventricle (LV) wall were acquired at the mid-ventricle level during cardiac cycle with FEEPI (TR/TE/FA=5.8/2.2/10). Tagging CNR for each image was calculated with a software which developed in our group. During contraction, tagging CNR was more rapidly decreased in case of short tagline spacing than in case of long tagline spacing. In the same heart phase, CNR was increased corresponding with tag line spacing. Especially, at the fully contracted heart phase, CNR was more rapidly increased than the other heart phases as a function of tagline spacing.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.101-104
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• 2015

A 4-years-old, intact male Golden retriever dog was presented with abdominal distension and dyspnea. Physical examination revealed arrhythmia and cardiac murmur. Generalized cardiomegaly, pleural effusion and ascites were shown on thoracic and abdominal radiographs. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed abnormal mitral and tricuspid valve motion, mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy and left atrial dilation. Color-flow Doppler imaging revealed turbulent flow extending into the left ventricle during diastole from the mitral valve orifice, and into the left atrium during systole. Spectral Doppler recordings revealed highly increased early diastolic mitral valve inflow and prolonged pressure half-time of mitral inflow. Based on the echocardiographic examination, the diagnosis was made as the mitral valve dysplasia concurrent with mitral valve stenosis and tricuspid valve dysplasia.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.108-111
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• 2015

DiGeorge syndrome is an immunodeficient disease associated with abnormal development of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches. As a hemizygous deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 occurs, various clinical phenotypes are shown with a broad spectrum. Conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia are the classic triad of DiGeorge syndrome. As this syndrome is characterized by hypoplastic or aplastic thymus, there are missing thymic shadow on their plain chest x-ray. Immunodeficient patients are traditionally known to be at an increased risk for malignancy, especially lymphoma. We experienced a 7-year-old DiGeorge syndrome patient with mediastinal mass shadow on her plain chest x-ray. She visited Severance Children's Hospital hospital with recurrent pneumonia, and throughout her repeated chest x-ray, there was a mass like shadow on anterior mediastinal area. We did full evaluation including chest computed tomography, chest ultrasonography, and chest magnetic resonance imaging. To rule out malignancy, video assisted thoracoscopic surgery was done. Final diagnosis of the mass which was thought to be malignancy, was lymphoproliferative lesion.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.247-250
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• 2011

An increase in ventricular pressure can alter cardiac excitation and contraction. Recent report has demonstrated that fluid pressure (FP) suppresses L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current with acceleration of the current inactivation in ventricular myocytes. Since the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels known to be regulated by intracellular pH ($pH_i$), this study was designed to explore whether pressurized fluid flow affects pHi in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. A flow of pressurized (~16 dyne/$cm^2$) fluid, identical to that bathing the myocytes, was applied onto single myocytes, and intracellular $H^+$ concentration was monitored using confocal $H^+$ imaging. FP significantly decreased $pH_i$ by $0.07{\pm}0.01$ pH units (n=16, P<0.01). Intracellular acidosis enhances the activity of $Na^+-H^+$ exchanger (NHE). Therefore, we examined if the NHE activity is increased by FP using the NHE inhibitor, HOE642. Although HOE642 did not alter $pH_i$ in control conditions, it decreased $pH_i$ in cells pre-exposed to FP, suggesting enhancement of NHE activity by FP. In addition, FP-induced intracellular acidosis was larger in cells pre-treated with HOE642 than in cells under the control conditions. These results suggest that FP induces intracellular acidosis and that NHE may contribute to extrude $H^+$ during the FP-induced acidosis in rat ventricular myocytes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.128-131
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• 2007

da $Vinci^{TM}$ Surgical System is an advanced mode of minimal invasive surgery, using 3-dimensional imaging system and robotic arms which can mimic the dexterity of the human hand. Thus, various operations can be performed with minimal incision and limited surgical field and the merits of minimal invasive surgery can be maximized by using it. We report our first experience of robotic open heart surgery using the da $Vinci^{TM}$ Surgical System for repairing atrial septal defect.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.377-381
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• 2012

The histidine-rich $Ca^{2+}$ binding protein (HRC) is a $Ca^{2+}$ binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In this study, we examined whether the HRC is involved in the regulation of cardiac contraction and $Ca^{2+}$ signaling using HRC knock-out (KO) mouse ventricular myocytes. In field-stimulated single mouse ventricular myocytes, cell shortenings and $Ca^{2+}$ transients were measured using a video edge detection and a confocal $Ca^{2+}$ imaging, respectively. Compared with the wide-type (WT) myocytes, the magnitudes of cell shortenings were significantly larger in HRC KO cells (P<0.01, WT vs. KO). The rate of contraction and relaxation was significantly accelerated in HRC KO myocytes (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively, WT vs. KO). The magnitudes of $Ca^{2+}$ transients were increased by HRC KO (P<0.01, WT vs. KO). In addition, the decay of the $Ca^{2+}$ transient was faster in HRC KO cells than in wild-type cells P<0.01, WT vs. KO). These results suggest that HRC may suppress SR $Ca^{2+}$ releases and decay of $Ca^{2+}$ transients during action potentials, thereby attenuating ventricular contraction and relaxation.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2022

Streptococcus intermedius is a small, non-motile, Gram-positive, non-sporeforming, and aerotolerant anaerobic coccus. It is a part of the normal microflora in the oral cavity and upper respiratory, gastrointestinal and female urogenital tracts. It is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in patients with immunocompromised states or cardiac diseases as a result of trauma or invasive procedures. We describe a case of septic arthritis of the hip caused by S. intermedius in an immunocompetent healthy 7-year-old boy without a history of periodontal disease or invasive procedures. He had hip joint pain three weeks ago, and the fever began on the day of the visit. He had been healthy and had not undergone any invasive procedures recently. Septic arthritis of the hip was indicated in the magnetic resonance imaging of the hip. S. intermedius was identified in the hip joint fluid aspiration and blood culture. He was successfully treated with surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone followed by amoxicillin for five weeks.