• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.409-417
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• 1984

In the early days of open heart surgery, acute respiratory failure following extracorporeal circulation was a significant deterrent to an uncomplicated recovery. Although a marked improvement in prevention and treatment of postoperative respiratory failure has been achieved, the problem has not been completely eliminated and continues to be a causative factor in morbidity and mortality Fates following open heart surgery. We have attempted to evaluate postoperative respiratory failure in patients undergoing cardiac operation with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. Our series comprised 92 patients who underwent elective open heart surgery at the Department of Thoracic and Cariodvascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, from January, 1980 to December, 1982. In our study, the overall incidence of acute respiratory failure following open heart surgery was 18.8 percent. The duration of extracorporeal circulation in a series of 18 patients who developed postoperative respiratory failure [Group B] was longer in the mean value [120.3 minutes] than the uncomplicated 74 patients [Group A] [85.8 minutes]. The duration of artificial ventilation after open heart surgery in Group A averaged 13.4 hours as contrasted with 76.5 hours in Group B. In Group B, the inspired oxygen concentration [FiO2] in artificial ventilation was continued in the higher level than Group A until 18 hours after operation. Upon pulmonary function test performed pre-and postoperatively, residual volume[RV], RV/TLC and FEV 1.0/FVC were remained essentially unchanged following extracorporeal circulation, whereas forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV 1.0 and FEF 25-75% were significantly decreased in the early postoperative days. The incidence of acute respiratory failure was significantly higher in a series of patients who developed postoperative complications, such as re- exploration due to massive bleeding, low cardiac output, acute renal failure and arrhythmias. A total of 9 patients died, giving an overall mortality was 33.3 percent whereas the mortality was only 1.1 percent for patients without respiratory failure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2015

Purpose: Idiopathic scoliosis is a structural lateral curvature of the spine of unknown etiology. The relationship between degree of spine curvature and cardiopulmonary function has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between scoliosis and cardiopulmonary characteristics. Methods: Ninety children who underwent preoperative pulmonary or cardiac evaluation at a single spine institution over 41 months were included. They were divided into the thoracic-dominant scoliosis (group A, n=78) and lumbar-dominant scoliosis (group B, n=12) groups. Scoliosis severity was evaluated using the Cobb method. In each group, relationships between Cobb angles and cardiopulmonary markers such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$), $FEV_1$/FVC, left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary artery flow velocity, and tissue Doppler velocities (E/E', E'/A') were analyzed by correlation analysis linear regression. Results: In group A, 72 patients (92.3%) underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and 41 (52.6%) underwent echocardiography. In group B, 9 patients (75.0%) underwent PFT and 8 (66.7%) underwent echocardiography. Cobb angles showed a significant negative correlation with FVC and $FEV_1$ in group A (both P<0.05), but no such correlation in group B, and a significant negative correlation with mitral E/A ratio (P<0.05) and tissue Doppler E'/A' (P<0.05) in group A, with a positive correlation with mitral E/A ratio (P<0.05) in group B. Conclusion: Pulmonary and cardiac function was significantly correlated with the degree of scoliosis in patients with thoracic-dominant scoliosis. Myocardial diastolic function might be impaired in patients with the most severe scoliosis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2024

Objectives: Methotrexate (MTX), an immunosuppressant and anti-cancer medication, can harm the heart. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the cardiotoxicity caused by MTX and the potential cardioprotective properties of silymarin, citral, and thymoquinone as antioxidants. Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups, which included control, MTX, cosolvent, citral, thymoquinone, and silymarin groups. At the end of the study, the rats were anesthetized (ketamine and xylazine) and killed using CO2. Their blood samples were collected to measure the enzymatic activities of creatine kinase-myoglobin binding (CK-MB), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Also, the heart tissue was sampled to determine the antioxidant capacity and examine the histopathology. Results: The findings revealed that the activity of CPK, CK-MB, and LDH enzymes significantly reduced in the thymoquinone treatment group compared to the MTX group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the thymoquinone group compared to the MTX group (p < 0.05). The pathological modifications (i.e. severe congestion, edema fluid, the presence of inflammatory cells around the blood vessels, mild to moderate hemorrhaging between cardiac muscle fibers) were seen in the MTX group. The treatment groups, particularly thymoquinone, did not experience any appreciable pathological changes. Conclusion: The thymoquinone was found to have the strongest protective effect against the heart damage caused by MTX.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1292-1296
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• 2007

To investigate the gel properties of surimi-like materials (SLM) made from pig heart (PH), psoas major muscle (PM) and semimembranosus muscle (SM) of pigs, the three muscles were diced, chopped and washed with 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to extract myofibrillar protein. SLM from SM had significantly (p<0.05) higher moisture content and lower crude protein content compared with PH and PM samples. The cooked SLM from PH was darker than that from PM and SM. Gel from PH had significantly (p<0.05) lower L* and hue values, and higher b* and chroma values compared to gels from PM and SM. The cooked SLM from PH had poor water-holding capacity (WHC) resulting in higher cooking loss. SDS-PAGE showed that the bands of myosin and tropomyosin/troponin had reduced staining intensity in the PH sample, and some unidentified bands that were not in PM and SM samples were observed in PH samples.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2012

Obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. However the presence of the obesity related deranged metabolic profiles varies widely among obese individuals. These individuals, known as 'metabolically healthy obese phenotype (MHO)', despite having excessive body fatness, display favorable metabolic profiles characterized by insulin sensitivity, no hypertension, as well as less dyslipidemia, less inflammation. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiac characterization and clinical profile of MHO and Non-MHO (nonmetabolically healthy obese) subjects in men. We measured treadmill exercise capacity (METs) and maximum blood pressure (BP) in 210 subjects through a medical checkup at J General Hospital. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III definition criteria. Both MHO and Non-MHO subjects showed statistically significant changes in the left ventricular mass index (P<.001, P<.01, respectively), A-velocity (P<.01, P<.001, respectively), E/A ratio (P<.01, P<.001, respectively), E'-velocity (P<.001, P<.001, respectively), HOMA-IR (P<.01, P<.001, respectively) and maximum systolic BP (P<.01, respectively) compared with the MH-NO (metabolically healthy non obese) subjects. In conclusion, MHO participants were at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and partly metabolic disorder.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2013

Bryonia alba L. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and grows in Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Russia, Ukraina and Armenia. The root of Bryonia alba has been used for neuropsychical diseases, psychosis, hysteria, paralysis, epilepsy, vertigo, headache, migrain, melancholia, forgetfulness, sadness, absent mindedness, delirium, cardiovascular disease, ischemia, gastrointestinal diseases, gastric ulcer and respiratory diseases. The root of Bryonia alba contains an oxidized tetra cyclic triterpens, cucurbitaceous, polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, ethereal oils, fatty acids, a great amount of amino acids, alcohol soluble enzymes, sugar, carotene, vitamin C and E. Bryonia alba increases coronary blood-flow and the amplitude of cardiac contractions. Bryonia alba has an antistressor action and increases the working capacity. Bryonia alba activates connective tissue cells. Bryonia alba markedly increases the oxygen consumption by young and senescent rat brain, liver as well as heart mitochondrial fraction as Korean Ginseng. Bryonia alba decreases lipid peroxidation after immobilization stress. In conclusion, Bryonia alba like Ginseng used in traditional medicine came from ancient time has a good perspective administration as prophylactic and medical remedy, as remedy of lot of diseases in modern medicine.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

In this article we introduce computer models that have been developed in the past to determine the concentration of metabolic gases, the oxygen and carbon dioxide, along the pulmonary circulation. The terminal concentration of these gases in the arterial blood is related with the total change of the partial pressure of the same gases in the alveoli for the time beginning with inspiration and ending with expiration. It is affected not only by the ventilation-perfusion ratio and the gas diffusion capacity of the lung membrane but also by the pulmonary defect such as shunt, dead space, diffusion impairment and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Some pathological pulmonary symptoms such as ARDS and CDPD can be understood through the mathematical models of these pulmonary dysfunctions. Quantitative study on the blood oxygenation process using various computer models is therefore of foremost importance in order to monitor not only the pulmonary health but also the cardiac output and cell metabolism. Reviewed in this paper include the basic and advanced methods that enable numerical study on the gas exchange and on the arterial oxygenation process, which might depend on the various heart and lung physiological conditions listed above.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.117-138
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed targeted to paramedic and doctors, to examine the frequency, importance, and admissibility of the tasks of paramedics, and to establish as a basis for expanding their business scope. Methods: The subjects were 282 paramedics and 58 doctors, and the study was performed from October 20 to November 19, 2014. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS/WIN 20.0. Results: The results showed the difference between the legal business scope of paramedics and the actually performed work. The frequently covered areas were trauma, cardiac arrest, and respiratory care; however, severity classifications were the most important. Concerning drug administration, epinephrine administration seemed to be the most necessary. Conclusions: The findings of this study can be used as basic data to broaden the capacity building and business scope of paramedics. Furthermore, to increase the resuscitation rate of emergency patients, the various tasks of paramedics must be incorporated, and these should be supported by laws and institutions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2016

Although the antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of NecroX-5 on various in vitro and in vivo models have been demonstrated, the action of this compound on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system remains unclear. Here we verify the role of NecroX-5 in protecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity during hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR). Necrox-5 treatment ($10{\mu}M$) and non-treatment were employed on isolated rat hearts during hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment using an ex vivo Langendorff system. Proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and non-labeling peptide count protein quantification. Real-time PCR, western blot, citrate synthases and mitochondrial complex activity assays were then performed to assess heart function. Treatment with NecroX-5 during hypoxia significantly preserved electron transport chain proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic functions. NecroX-5 also improved mitochondrial complex I, II, and V function. Additionally, markedly higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$) expression levels were observed in NecroX-5-treated rat hearts. These novel results provide convincing evidence for the role of NecroX-5 in protecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity and in preserving $PGC1{\alpha}$ during cardiac HR injuries.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2016

Involuntary physical activity induced by the avoidance of electrical shock leads to improved endurance exercise capacity in animals. However, it remains unknown whether voluntary stand-up physical activity (SPA) without forced simulating factors improves endurance exercise capacity in animals. We examined the effects of SPA on body weight, cardiac function, and endurance exercise capacity for 12 weeks. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks, n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or a voluntary SPA group. The rats were induced to perform voluntary SPA (lifting a load equal to their body weight), while the food height (18.0 cm) in cages was increased progressively by 3.5 every 4 weeks until it reached 28.5 cm for 12 weeks. The SPA group showed a lower body weight compared to the CON group, but voluntary SPA did not affect the skeletal muscle and heart weights, food intake, and echocardiography results. Although the SPA group showed higher grip strength, running time, and distance compared to the CON group, the level of irisin, corticosterone, genetic expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, and nuclei numbers were not affected. These findings show that voluntary SPA without any forced stimuli in rats can effectively reduce body weight and enhance endurance exercise capacity, suggesting that it may be an important alternative strategy to enhance endurance exercise capacity.