• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2003

A furanofuranoid lignan glycoside, with radical scavenging on peroxynitrite, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, was isolated from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza and characterized as (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-1-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside based on spectroscopic evidence. The compound exhibited peroxynitrite, total ROS and DPPH radical scavenging activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 3.23$\pm$0.04, 2.26$\pm$0.07 and 32.3$\pm$0.13 $\mu$M, respectively. Penicillamine, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) and L-ascorbic acid, acting as positive controls, showed radical scavenging activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 6.72$\pm$0.25, 1.43$\pm$0.04 and 11.4$\pm$0.07 $\mu$M, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1989

The approximate rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of excess potassium 9-sec-amyl-9-boratabicylco[3.3.1]nonane (K 9-sec-Am-9-BBNH) with selected organic compounds containing representative functional goups under standardized conditions (tetrahydrofuran, $0^{\circ}C)$ were examined in order to explore the reducing characteristics of the reagent for selective reductions. The reagent readily reduces aldehydes, ketones, acid chlorides and epoxides to the corresponding alcohols. However, carboxylic acid, aliphatic nitriles, t-amides, and some sulfur compounds show very little reactivity or no reactivity to this reagent. The most interesting feature of the reagent is that aromatic nitriles are reduced moderately to the corresponding aldehyde stage, wheras aliphatic nitriles are inert. In addition, the reagent shows a high stereoselectivity toward cyclic ketones at $0^{\circ}C$ and - $25^{\circ}C.$ The selectivity exhibited at $0^{\circ}C$ is comparable to that by lithium trisiamylborohydride at that temperature.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.226-229
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• 2000

To obtain the standard compounds of metoprolol for a pharmacokinetic study, a convenient synthetic procedure to prepare enantiomers of metoprolol (3a) and its major metaboites, 2-4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino)propoxyphenylathanol (3b) and 4-(2-hydroxy-3- isopropylamino) pro-poxyphenylacetic acid (4), was developed from their respective starting materials, 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol (1a), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol (1b) and methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (1c). These phenolic compounds (1a, b, c) were converted in situ to their corresponding phenoxides with sodium hydroxide treatment followed by (R)- or (S)-epichlorohydrin treatment. The resulting epoxides 2 were transformed to 3 through reaction with isopropylamine. Ester 3c was hydrolyzed to the metabolite 4. Measured using the HPLC method on chiral column without any derivatization, the optical purity of enantiomers of metoprolol and o-demethylated metabolite 3b ranged between 96-99 ％ ee and that of enantiomers of carboxylic acid metabolite 4 ranged 91％ ee.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2021

A diverse group of plant-growth promoting bacteria were isolated in button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) media to investigate the plant-growth promoting traits of compounds including indole acetic acid (IAA), ammonia, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, siderophore, and hydrogen cyanide. Twenty-one bacterial strains showing positive effects for all the test traits were selected and classified to confirm bacterial diversity in the media habitat. Plant-growth promoting traits of the isolates were also assessed. All strains produced IAA ranging from 20 ㎍/mL to 250 ㎍/mL. Most of the isolates produced more than 80% siderophore. Four strains (Pantoea sp., PSB-08, Bacillus sp., PSB-13, Pseudomonas sp., PSB-17, and Enterobacter sp., PSB-21) showed outstanding performances for all the tested traits. In a bioassay of these four strains using mung bean plant, the best growth performances (23.16 cm, 22.98 cm, 2.27 g/plant, and 1.83 g/plant for shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight, respectively) were obtained from the plants co-inoculated with Bacillus sp., PSB-13. The resultant data indicate that button mushroom media have got a diverse group of bacteria with plant growth promoting abilities. Thus, the media could be a good recycling resource for using to an effective bio-fertilizer.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.194-199
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• 2021

In this study, rebar corrosion detection sensor was fabricated using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs were pre-treated in the acid electrolytes to attach the carboxylic acid to the surface of MWCNTs. The fabricated sensor was attached on the surface of rebar and it detected the corrosion of steel using LCR meter with variation of capacitance. The surface morphology and electrical properties were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrical test equipment, respectively. To verify the corrosion detection characteristics, comparison experiment using plastic bar was performed. Moreover, mechanism of corrosion detection sensor was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 1982

The effect of various pH levels, temperatures. organic acids, inorganic salts, metal ions on the stability of the anthocyanins pigment (pH 3.7) from the juice of raspberries were investigated. Initial absorption of total anthocyanin was decreased as pH increased from 1.0 to 7.0. Total amount of anthocyanin reached the highest at pH 3.7 and least at pH 7.0. The total anthocyanin content decreased rapidly with the increasing temperature. Many organic acids were found to enrich and stabilize the color density at 520nm in anthocyanin solution (pH 3.7). The hyperchromic effect of saturated n-carboxylic acid increased in the following order; formic acid> acetic acid>n-butyric acid>propionic acid. On the polycarboxylic acid, especially, malic acid showed 550$\sim$930% higher than control group. On the inorganic salts (0.5M), sodium perchlorate had the most hyperchromic effect and followed by sodium sulfate>sodium chloride>sodium phosphate, monobasic. Among the metal ions, both aluminium ion and cupric ion much more accelerated the anthocyanins degradation as compared with other metal ions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2007

An analytical method using ion-exchange chromatography was developed for simultaneous quantification of low-molecularweight organic acids ($C_1-C_6$ aliphatic carboxylic acids) and inorganic anions, and then applied to the assessment of ground water contaminated by leachates from a municipal solid waste landfill. Peak interferences of halide ions to organic acids were removed by pretreatment of water samples with Ag-containing cartridges. This method allowed accurate detection of low-molecular weight organic acids (i.e., formate, acetate, propionate, pyruvate, succinate, and oxalateas) low as 0.5 mg/L with a linear dynamic range up to 20 mg/L within 11 min run time along with typical inorganic anions. High level of pyruvate and low level of formate and acetate were detected in groundwater and landfill leachates using the analytical method. Pyruvate concentration in groundwater showed a significant correlation with concentrations of $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3^-$, and pyruvate levels decreased along the downgradient from the landfill, indicating the sources of pyruvate are landfill leachate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2008

In this study, batch or semi-continuous reactions, introducing site-specific carboxylic acids in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan structures, were performed to increase water solubility and gel forming ability, using TEMPO/hypobromite with or without NaBr as catalysts. Regio-selective carboxylic acid formations were determined with infrared (IR) and $^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses. The regio-selective reactions with and without NaBr gave oxidation yields of 92.5 and 85.6%, respectively, in the batch type, and yields of 93.9 and 86.4%, respectively, in the semi-continuous type. The reaction times in the batch and semi-continuous reactions without NaBr were delayed by 100 and 150%, respectively, as compared to those with NaBr. A combination of IR and $^{13}C$ NMR analyses were used to confirm the formation of carboxylic acids in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan. From the batch reactions with and without NaBr, the water solubilities of oxidized products were 50.0 and 55.6%, respectively, and in the semi-continuous reactions they were 52.6 and 53.5%, respectively; while the water solubility of the native ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan was less than 1.0%. Finally, as compared to the native ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan, the gel forming ability of the reaction products was greatly increased irrespective of the presence of NaBr or the reaction type.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.251-255
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• 1992

A number of 4-hydroxy-2H (or alkyl)-N-(3-aralkyl-2-thio-1-hydantoinyl)-1, 2-benzothiazine3-carboxamide 1, 1-dioxides were synthesized through the reaction of 4-hydroxy-2H (or alkyl)1, 2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic methyl ester 1, 1-dioxide and 1-amino-2-thio-3-aralkyl-4-imidazolones in xylene. The compounds synthesized were screened for antinflammatory effect on carrageenin-induced edema in rat and for analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced Writhing syndrome in mice. Most compounds were inhibots of carrageenin-induced rat foot edema and some showed significant antinflammatory activity comparable to that of indomethacin and significant analgesic activity comparable to that of indomethacin and aspirin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.371-375
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• 2004

The silicon linker is the foremost traceless linker used in solid-phase reactions. Hydrogen fluo-ride (HF) or trifluoroacetic aicd (TFA) can remove the silicon linker with the silicon atom being replaced by a hydrogen atom. In this experiment, the linkers 1c and 2d, which are the most useful in solid-phase reactions, were synthesized, Linker 1c is composed of seven linearly linked carbons and linker 2d includes an oxygen atom in the linear carbon chain to increase the solvation capacity. The carboxylic acid component of linker 1c and 2d forms an amide or ester bond with resin. The synthesized linkers 1c and 2d could be utilized in constructing a chemical compound library that includes indole, benzodiazepine and phenothiazine (aromatic ring compounds).