• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

Lactic acid, the most widely occurring hydroxy-carboxylic acid, has traditionally been used as food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Even though it has tremendous potential for large scale production and use in a wide variety of applications, high cost lactic acid materials are primarily problems. Lactic acid can be obtained on either by fermentation or chemical synthesis. In recent years, the fermentation approach has become more successful because of the increasing market demand for naturally produced lactic acid. Generally, lactic acid was produced from pure starch or from glucose. As an alternative, biomass which is the most abundant renewable resources on earth have been considered for conversion to readily utilizable hydrolysate. In this study, we conducted the fermentation method to produce L(+)-lactic acid production from pretreated hydrolysate was investigated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863. The hydrolysate was obtained from pretreatment process of biomass using Ammonia percolation process (AP) followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. In order to effectively enhance lactic acid conversion and product yield, controlled medium, temperature, glucose concentration was conducted under pure glucose conditions. The optimum conditions of lactic acid production was investigated and compared with those of hydrolysate.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.136-146
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• 1994

To research the effect of chemotaxis of Rhizobia toward the root exudate on nitrogen fixing ability in soybean Rhizobia symbiosis system. Root exudate from seedlings of Glycine max. L was collected aseptic conditions. B. japonicum KCTC 2422 induced the formation of symbiotic nitrogen fixing nodules on the root of soybean plant and possessed motility and chemotaxis toward the 2mM proline. LPN-100 mutant was $Nod^-$, $Che^+$, and LPN-101 was $Che^-$, $Nod^+$ strains. Physiological properties of mutants were similar to parent strain. The crude root exudate was tested for its chemotactic ability using the capillary tube method. Chemotactic responses of RCR 3407 toward crude root exudate were 2.2, 2.6, 2.9, those of KCTC 2422 were 2.3, 2.9, 3.0, respectively. The crude root exudate was fractionated into neutral, cationic and anionic fractions. Chemotactic responses of KCTC 2422 was least with anionic fraction, most with neutral and intermediate with cationic fraction. B. japonicum KCTC 2422 was attracted by carbohydrates, amino acids and carboxylic acid. Carbohydrates and amino acids were good chemoattractants and carboxylic acids were intermediate chemoattractants. The peak concentration was $10^{-3}M$ for ribose, glucose, glutamine, aspartic acid and carboxylic acids, with exception of xylose, arabinose, tryptophan, which elicited maximum responses at $10^{-4}M$. The formation of nodules and nitrogenase activity of soybean inoculated with KCTC 2422 was determined in 7days after inoculation, and those of LPN-101 was detected in 15days after inoculation, but LPN-100 didn't form of nodules in soybean plants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1495-1500
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• 2014

Two new complexes with 5-methyl-1-(pyridine-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid (Hmptc) ligand: [$Cd(mptc)_2(H_2O)_4$] (1) and $[Cu(mptc)_4{\cdot}2H_2O]_n$ (2) were prepared and their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In complex 1, the Cd(II) ions coordinates with the pyridyl nitogen atom from the Hmptc ligand, forming a mononuclear Cd(II) compound. Complex 2 exhibits a novel two-dimensional (2D) polymer in which four Hmptc ligands stabilize the Cu(II) atom. And the coordination involves one nitrogen atom of the triazole, one oxygen atom of the carboxylic acid and the pyridyl nitrogen atom. In addition, FT-IR and solid-state fluorescent emission spectroscopy of two compounds have been determined.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.562-565
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• 2000

pH- and thermo-sensitive hydrogels containing maleilated chitosan(MC) and N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPAAm) were prepared and characterized for their swelling behavior, biodegradability and drug release profiles. The hydrogels exhibited a typical pH-sensitivity due to the carboxylic acid groups of maleilated chitosan. The change of ratio of NIPAAm to MC in weight did not affect on either lower critical solution temperature(LCST) or EWC significantly. The pH sensitivity of the hydrogel, however, depended on the amounts of carboxylic acid groups of MC. MC was degradable up to 80% weight reduction in 2 hours. The in vitro drug relase profiles were established both in buffer solution pH 1.4 and pH 7.4. Only a negligible amount of indomethacin was released at pH 1.4 in 6 hours, while at pH 7.4 more than 90% of the total drug in the hydrogel was gradually released over ca. 5 hours.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.109.1-109
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• 2003

From the PMMV (pepper mild mottle virus)-inducible ESTs differentially expressed in Capsicum chinense PI257284, we isolated a full-length cDNA (CcPHZF： Capsicum chinense phenazine), encoding a phenazine biosynthesis protein which catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenozine-1-carboxylic acid to 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid. Phenazine compound has been known to exhibit broad-spectrum of antibiotic activity against various species of bacteria and fungus. The entire region of CcPHZF is 879 bp in length and the open reading frame predicted a polypeptide of 292 amino acids. The homolog of CcPHZF is not Present in database except clones of AC004044 and NM100203 from Arabidopsis with 58 and 59％, respectively. Genomic Southern analysis indicated that the pepper genome contains a single copy of CcPHZF. The CcPHZF was strongly induced in the pepper leaves 3 days after PMMV treatment, when HR occurs on the leaf surface. Characterization of CcPHZF is underway to investigate if the CcPHZF is related to disease resistance against pathogens.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

Senescence of Hosta ventricosa flowers was firstly characterized as ethylene-sensitive since the deterioration of the tepal was accompanied by increased endogenous ethylene biosynthesis. The full-length cDNAs and DNAs of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) involved in ethylene biosynthesis were cloned from H. ventricosa flowers. The HvACS ORF with 1347 bp and two introns, encoded a polypeptide of 448 amino acids showing 79% homology with that in Musa acuminata. The HvACO ORF contained 957 bp and three introns, encoding a 318-residue polypeptide showing 83% homology with that in Narcissus tazetta. The timing of the induction of HvACS expression was in correspond to the timing of the increase in ethylene production, and that the up-regulation of HvACO transcript was closely correlated with an elevated ethylene production, but underwent a down-regulation in wounded leaves with elevated ethylene emission. The results, together with expression analysis in vegetative tissues, suggested that both HvACS and HvACO were specifically regulated by flower senescence.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.192-203
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• 2015

In view of the growing medicinal importance of pyrazole and its derivatives, the single crystal X-ray diffraction study was carried out for the potential active 2-Benzyl-3-[3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4yl]-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-C]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester ($C_{37}H_{31}BrN_4O_4$, H2O). In the title compound are two molecules exist in the asymmetric unit. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P{\hat{i}}$ with unit cell dimension $a=13.361(18){\AA}$, $b=13.424(17){\AA}$ and $c=21.649(2){\AA}$ [${\alpha}=80.745(9)^{\circ}$, ${\beta}=79.770(10)^{\circ}$ and ${\gamma}=60.788(6)^{\circ}$]. The pyrazole ring adopts planar conformation. The sum of the bond angles at nitrogen atom of the pyrazole ring indicates the $Sp^2$ hybridized state. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H...O hydrogen bond interaction.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.2 s.129
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• pp.85-87
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• 2002

This study is to establish the quality control method of Codonopsis Radix, the root of Codonopsis lanceolata (S. et Z.) Trautv. $1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-{\beta}-carboline-3-carboxylic\;acid$ (1) isolated from this plant was adequate as an analytical marker. Content of 1 in Codonopsis Radix, determined by HPLC, was $0.0012{\pm}0.0005%$ (n=13). Total ash was $5.0{\pm}2.7%$, and loss on drying was $11.9{\pm}1.3%$.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1995

N-아실 아미도에틸 N-아미도 카르복시산 유도체들의 물리적 특성과 계면성이 연구되었다. 묽은 용액의 표면장력은 $22{\sim}32dyne/cm$의 값을 나타냈으며 이들 cmc의 범위는 $0.8{\sim}6.0mmol/L$이었다. 표면장력 저하능은 소수성의 알칼사슬이 길어질수록 그리고 카르복시기와 아미드기 사이의 메틸렌기의 수가 감소할수록 증가하였다. 반응생성물의 구조와 계면성의 관계를 비교 ${\cdot}$ 검토한 바 온화한 Krafft point와 뛰어난 습윤성, 낮은 기포력을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 1995

2염기성 산의 모노메틸에스테르류와 에틸렌디아민을 반응시켜 얻은 아미도아민 유도체류를 고급지방산 염화물로 아실화하여 N-아실 아미도에틸 N-아미도카르복시산 유도체 9종을 합성하였다. 카르복시기와 디아미드기 그리고 소수성의 긴 알칼사슬을 갖는 모든 반응생성물들은 얇은 막 크로마토그래피와 컬럼크로마토그래피로 분리 ${\cdot}$ 정제하였다. 합성 수율은 $74{\sim}87%$였으며 그들의 구조를 FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$, 그리고 원소 분석으로 확인하였다.