• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2000

Carbonyl compounds have been measured in downtown Seoul for September 1998 using 2-series impinger method. Average concentration (ppbv) of carbonyl compounds were 12.66$\pm$5.77 HCHO, 12.05$\pm$4.86 CH3CHO and 7.92$\pm$2.63 CH3CHCH3 These compounds were the most abundant carbonyl,. They showed maximum concentration during the daytime when photochemical activity was very strong minimum concentration were usually showed during the night and early morning. Comparison of diurnal variation of carbonyl compounds with the concentration of O3, NMHC, CO and meteorological data indicated that primary and secondary sources contributed the observed carbonyl compounds. Photochemical Formation Rate(PFR) of carbonyl compounds dur-ing the sampling periods were 61% HCHO, 85% CH3CHO, 85% CH3CHO, 71% CH3COCH3.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate analytical method for the measurement of carbonyl compounds and to apply method to the measurement of indoor and outdoor concentrations of these compounds at public facilities. For sampling, 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) coated DNPH-Silica cartridges were uwed in this study. DNPH reacts with carbonyl compounds and forms carbonyl hydrazone, The carbonyl hydarzone was eluted from the cartridge with acetonitrile and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection. Possible interference caused by ozone during sampling was eliminated by using KI trap commected in series with the DNPH-Silica cartridge. A number of experimental studies were undertaken to evaluate and validate the analytical method, including collection efficiency, recovery, repeatability, lower limits of detection, and effect of ozone. Indoor and outdoor measurements of carbonyl compounds were simultaneously carried out at 14 public facilities located in Taegu city and Kyungsan city from June to July, 1995. Except for one or two sites, the indoor concentrations were found to be higher than the outdoor concentrations for carbonyl compounds. And the concentrations of carbonyl compounds measured in the morning and afternoon were showed higher than the concentrations measured in the evening.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.189-193
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• 1985

Qualitative and quantitative analysis for carbonyl compounds contained in the five kinds of filtrated myulchichuts have been made using HPLC. Carbonyl compounds were separated by converting them into 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives which, in turn extracting with hexane. The extract was dehydrated, filtered and examined on HPLC with $C_{18}column$. The quantitative determination of carbonyl species was achieved using standard calibration technique. Highly reproduceable results were obtained by this methods and the amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives were highly correlative to peak heights. As the results, we find that the seven kinds of carbonyl compounds are contained in each of myulchichuts examined in this study. Five of which are identified as pyruvic acid, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and butanone. But the amounts of carbonyl compounds vary widely with the kinds of the filtrated myulchichuts.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

In this study, a simple gradient RRLC method for rapid determination of carbonyl compounds of cigarette smoke was developed. Within 10 min, 8 carbonyl compounds have been separated and identified on ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column ($4.6{\times}50\;mm$, $1.8\;{\mu}m$) with gradient elution using water and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. RRLC was used for the quantification of carbonyl compounds in mainstream smoke of 3R4F reference cigarette, and evaluated those efficiencies in the recovery, repeatability and reproducibility. The correlation coefficients ($r^2$) for calibration curves of carbonyl compounds were over 0.9998. The developed RRLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of smoke samples and the recoveries of carbonyl compounds were in the range of 97.5~102.1% with RSD<3.1%.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2003

Among the most popular means of mainstream smoke collection for specific analysis are solvent traps. Determination of the carbonyl compounds as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones(DNPHs) by HPLC offers increased sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of mainstream cigarette smoke. In this work, the mainstream smoke of a reference cigarette(lR4F) was collected in four kinds of gas washing bottles and their effects on the analysis of carbonyl compounds were investigated. The results show that the porosity of fritted glass filter in gas washing bottles exerted profound effect on the composition of the carbonyl compounds in mainstream smoke.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2004

This work has been conducted to select appropriate filter materials for removing carbonyl compounds in mainstream tobacco smoke. To investigate of the usability of this filter materials, two types of bead ion exchangers were synthesized and their adsorption characteristics for carbonyl compounds were investigated. Sulfonic acid group-containing cation exchanger and ammonium group-containing anion exchanger were synthesized by the suspension polymerization of glycidylmethacrylate(GMA) and divinylbenzene(DVB) followed by the subsequent functionalization, respectively. The removal efficiency of carbonyl compounds by these two ion exchangers increased in the presence of moisture. However, the amount of carbonyl compounds adsorbed on the anion exchanger was larger than that on the cation exchanger under two levels of water contents tested. This phenomenon seems to arise from the electron delocalization in carbonyl group of the anion exchangers. There was not any significant relationship between the amount of carbonyl compounds adsorbed on ion exchangers and the length of adsorption column. From the large ion exchange capacity and rapid ion exchange reaction rate of the anion exchanger, it is suggested that the anion exchanger may be a good filter material for removing carbonyl compounds in the mainstream tobacco smoke.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate concentrations of carbonyl compounds during summer season in Seoul metropolitan area. The air samples were collected at 7 sites in this area from June 2001 to June 2003. The carbonyl compounds were analyzed by DNPH/HPLC method. The analytical method applied in this study showed good repeatability, linearity, and sensitivity. The most abundant carbonyl was formaldehyde (average 4.48 ppb), and followed by acetone, acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde and benzaldehyde, respectively. Concentrations of carbonyl compounds in June were higher than those in August. There was not only higher solar radiation but also higher ozone concentration in June than in August. As a result o photochemical reactions, carbonyl compounds from both primary and secondary sources are likely to contribute to the formation of ozone. The contributions to photochemical ozone creation of two carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were estimated to be about 70%. Ratios of formaldehyde to acetaldehyde in this study ranged from 1.13 to 4.26, which are generally equivalent levels to those of other urban areas in domestic and foreign countries.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.679-692
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• 2006

The carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere belong to one of the regulatory pollutants for the malodor control designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment(KMOE). In the present study, the emission concentration levels of carbonyl compounds were measured along with a number of criteria odor pollutants from a total of 47 individual companies(June 2004 to January 2005). The results of our study showed that a number of carbonyl compounds(such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and butyraldehyde) maintained significantly high mean concentrations of 298 to 372 ppb. In contrast, other carbonyl compounds were low enough with the mean valves of 0.54 to 19.1 ppb. It was found that except for such industries as metal production or leather processing, their emissions were generally quite significant. If the measured values were evaluated in terms of malodor intensity, butyraldehyde appeared to be the most significant contributor to the malodor release. According to the measurements made in strong source areas, it can be concluded that several carbonyl compounds(acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, and valeraldehyde) are useful enough to diagnose malodor release from those source areas. It should also be addressed that a number of carbonyl compounds added newly as the result of malodor control legislation were not sensitive enough to diagnose malodor release from such sources.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.565-570
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• 1990

Plasmid pBR322 DNA와 Maillard 반응생성물중 카르보닐화합물인 glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, dihydroxyacetone, diacetyl, glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde 및 furfural 등과 각각 37$^{\circ}C$에서 반응시켰을때 나타나는 DNA 손상능과 활성산소소거제에 의한 DNA손상억제 작용을 agarose gel 전기영동을 통하여 살펴보았다. 카르보닐화합물을 37$^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 동안 반응시켰을 경우, furfural을 제외한 모든 카르보닐화합물에 DNA 손상능이 나타났는데, 그 중에서도 glyoxal, methyl glyoxal 및 dihyd-roxyacetone 이 diacetyl, glyceraldehyde 및 glyco-laldehyde보다 BNA의 손상능이 크게 나타났다. 또한 plasmid DNA와 카르보닐화합물의 반응계에 각종 활성산소소거제의 첨가를 통하여 이들 카르보닐화합물에 대한 DNA의 손상을 검토한 결과 일중항산소, 과산화수소, superoxide anion 등이 주요원인물질로 밝혀졌으며, hydroxyl radical은 그 작용이 미약하거나 거의 영향을 나타내지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1380-1384
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• 2001

The chemoselective reactions of 1,n-dicarbonyl compounds with allyl halides using indium metal were investigated. $\alpha-Ketoesters$ such as ethyl pyruvate, ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate and ethyl benzoylformate reacted with a variety of allyl halides i n the presence of indium to afford hydroxy unsaturated carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields in MeOH/HCl at $25^{\circ}C.$ For the allyl bromide, the presence of various substituents at the $\alpha$ or $\gamma$ position exhibited little effects on both the reaction rates and yields. Ethyl acetoacetate or ethyl levulinate was treated with allylindium reagent to give hydroxy unsaturated carbonyl compounds in good yield. These results mean that both reactivity and selectivity are independent of the distance between carbonyl groups. 2,3-Butanedione or 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione reacted with allylindium to produce monoallylation product as major compound.